The main contents of the chapter consist of the following: Graphical analysis of the BJT amplifier circuits, biasing the BJT for discrete-circuit design, small-signal operation and models.
Trang 1Dr. Nasim Zafar Electronics 1 EEE 231 Fall Semester – 2012
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Virtual campus Islamabad
Trang 6• The DC Biased BJT Circuit • The BJT Amplifier Circuit
Trang 7(a) Conceptual circuit to illustrate the operation of the transistor as an amplifier.
(b) The circuit of (a) with the signal source vbe eliminated for dc (bias) analysis
Trang 8Ø The purpose of dc biasing is to establish the Qpoint for operation
Ø The collector curves and load lines help us to relate the Qpoint and its proximity to cutoff and saturation.
Ø The Qpoint is best established where the signal variations do not cause the transistor to go into saturation or cutoff.
Ø What we are most interested in is, the ac signal itself. Since the dc part of the overall signal is filtered out in most cases, we can view a transistor circuit in terms of just its ac component
Trang 9 Applying the principle of superposition:
– The current or voltage response in a linear circuit due to a time varying input signal can be calculated as the sum of the
sinusoidal responses for each sinusoidal component of the input signal.
Trang 10Ø Let us consider the graphical analysis of the operation the BJT
amplifier circuit:
Trang 11(a) Graphical construction for the determination of the dc base
current in the circuit
(b) Load line intersects with the input characteristic curve
Trang 13Graphical construction for determining the dc collector current IC and the collectortoemitter voltage VCE in the circuit.
Trang 16Graphical determination of the signal components vbe, ib, ic, and vce when a
signal component vi is superimposed on the dc voltage VBB
Trang 17Signal Swing
Ø Loadline A results in bias
point QA with a corresponding VCE which
saturation region, thus limiting the negative
swing of vCE.
Trang 18Section 5.5
Trang 20SJTU Zhou Lingling 20
The Classical DiscreteCircuit Bias
Arrangement
Trang 23BE BB
R R
V V
) ,
1 0
(
2
!
3 1 3 1 3 1
E E R
R
CC CB
CC C
C
CC BB
I I I
I
V V
V R
I
V V
B B
Trang 24Ø Two constraints should apply.
Trang 25C R R
Trang 26(a) Q1 and Q2 are required to be identical and have high β
(b) Short circuit between Q1’s base and collector terminals.
(c) Current source isn’t ideal due to finite output resistor of Q2
Trang 29(a) Conceptual circuit to illustrate the operation of the transistor as an amplifier.
(b) The circuit of (a) with the signal source vbe eliminated for dc (bias) analysis
Trang 30The DC Bias Conditions
Ø The DC Bias Conditions by Setting the AC Signal Source vbe =0
Trang 31The DC Bias Conditions
Ø The DC Bias Conditions: by Setting the Signal Source vbe =0
Ø The dc currents and voltages are given by:
Trang 32i
Trang 34The Collector Current and the Transconductance
Trang 35The Collector Current and the Transconductance
Trang 36The Small Signal Approximation
Trang 37Transconductance
Trang 39Ø To determine the resistance seen by vbe, we first evaluate the
total base current iB using Eq. (5.84), as follows:
Ø Thus,
Ø where IB is equal to IC/β and the signal component ib is given
by:
Trang 41Ø Thus r is directly dependent on π ß and is inversely
proportional to the bias current IC Substituting for gm in
Eq. (5.93) from Eq. (5.87) and replacing IC / by IB gives
an alternative expression for r , π
Trang 42Emitter
where IE is equal to IC ∕ and the signal current α ie is given by
Ø The total emitter current iE can be determined from
Trang 43Emitter
Ø If we denote the smallsignal resistance between base and
emitter, looking into the emitter, by re, it can be defined as
Thus, we find that re, called the emitter resistance, is given by:
Trang 44Emitter
Ø Thus,
Ø Which yields
Trang 45T b
be
g I
V i
v r
m EQ
T e
be e
g I
V i
v r
e
r
r ( 1 )