The main contents of the chapter consist of the following: Introduction, the BJT internal capacitances, high-frequency BJT model, the high-frequency hybrid.
Trang 1COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Virtual campusIslamabad
Trang 2The BJT Internal Capacitance and
High Frequency Model
Trang 4The BJT Internal Capacitances
Trang 6Ø and take them into account by adding capacitances to
the hybrid model. π
Trang 9je
C C
Trang 10Ø The BJT inherently has junction capacitances which affect its performance at high frequencies. Cb represents the base
C
Trang 11(cont’d)
v In an integrated circuit, the BJTs are fabricated in the surface region of a Si wafer substrate; another junction exists between the collector and substrate, resulting in substrate junction
capacitance, CCS.
Trang 14F de
V
I g
C
Trang 15oe BE
je
V V
C C
• where Cje0 is the value of Cje at zero voltage, V0e is the EBJ builtin voltage (typically, 0.9 V), and m is the grading
coefficient of the EBJ junction (typically, 0.5).
Trang 16V V
C C
) 1
(
0
where Cμ0 is the value of Cμ at zero voltage, V 0c is the CBJ builtin voltage
(typically, 0.75 V), and m is its grading coefficient (typically, 0.2–0.5).
Trang 17C
Trang 19Ø The hybrid model of the BJT, including capacitive effects, is πshown in Slide 20.
Trang 20The HighFrequency Hybrid Model
je
de C C
C
v Two capacitances C π and Cμ , where
v One resistance rx . Accurate value is obtained form high frequency
measurement.
Trang 22Ø The transistor data sheets do not usually specify the value of C π
Ø Rather, the behavior of β or hfe versus frequency is normally given.
Ø In order to determine C and π Cμ we shall derive an expression
for hfe, the CE shortcircuit current gain, as a function of
frequency in terms of the hybrid components. π
Trang 23V I
in m out g V I
in
m T
in T
m in
m in
out
C g
C j
g Z
g I
I
1 1
Trang 240
) (
CE
v B
C
I s h
Ø Circuit for deriving an expression for
Ø According to the definition, output port is short circuit
Trang 26(cont’d)
Ø Expression of the shortcircuit current transfer function
Ø Characteristic is similar to the one of firstorder lowpass filter
r C
C s
s
h fe
)(
1)
Trang 27(cont’d)
Ø Slide 28 shows a Bode plot for hfe .
Ø From the –6dB/octave slope it follows that the frequency at which hfe drops to unity, which is called the unitygain
bandwidth ωT, is given by:
Trang 28
(cont’d)
r C
(
1
C C
gm
Trang 29g f
Trang 30(cont’d)
v Typically, fT is in the range of :
v 100 MHz to tens of GHz.
Trang 31T
b dBC
f f
Trang 32Frequency Response of the CE Amplifier
Trang 33Ø Typically, an amplifier is designed to work over a limited range of frequencies
– At “high frequencies”, the gain of an amplifier decreases
Trang 34v The voltage gain of an amplifier is typically flat over the midfrequency range, but drops drastically for low or high
frequencies. A typical frequency response is shown below
LM(A vi ) = 20log(v o /v i ) [in dB]
BW
Trang 35C j
R g
Trang 36L C
C
m v
C R
R g
A
Trang 37The CommonEmitter Amplifier
Nasim Zafar
Trang 38Frequency Response of a CE Amplifier
Trang 40(contd.)
Ø Each capacitor forms a break point (simple pole or zero) with
a break frequency of the form f=1/(2 REqC), where REq is πthe resistance seen by the capacitor.
Ø CE usually yields the highest lowfrequency break which
establishes fLow
Trang 41v The gainbandwidth product is commonly used to benchmark amplifiers.
CC C
L C
C m
C V V
V I
C R
R g
1
1 n
Consumptio Power
Bandwidth Gain
Operation at low T, low VCC, and with small CL superior FOM