In this chapter, you will learn about: Transistor characteristics and parameters, the gain factors: DC Beta and DC alpha, relationship of DC Beta and DC alpha, early effect, maximum transistor ratings.
Trang 1Fall Semester – 2012
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Virtual campusIslamabad
Trang 2and Parameters:
Lecture No:
15 Contents:
Trang 4Chapter 4 – Bipolar Junction Transistors:Figures are redrawn (with some modifications) from
Electronic Devices
By
Thomas L. Floyd
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Trang 7and Hybrid Parameters
Trang 10and Operation Modes:
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Trang 14Ø Saturation Region:
– In Saturation region: The transistor is on. The collector current varies very little with a change in the base current in the saturation region.
Trang 15Modes of BJT Operation:
Trang 16and Hybrid Parameters
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Trang 17DC Beta (dc) and DC Alpha ( dc ):
Two quantities of great importance in the characterization of the transistors are:
Ø commonbase current gain .
Ø commonemitter current gain
= Commonemitter current gain = Commonbase current gain
Trang 20DC CommonBase Current Gain :
Ø Current gain , is also referred to as hFB and is defined by:
Trang 22respectively
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Trang 23AC CommonBase Current Gain :
Ø For ac situations, where the point of operation moves
on the characteristics curve, an ac alpha is defined by:
Ø Alpha, a common base current gain factor, gives the efficiency of the transistor for a current flow from the emitter to the collector.
Ø The value of is typical from 0.95 ~ 0.99
E
C
II
Trang 242. Relationship of DC and DC:
Trang 26Emitter Efficiency:
E
EP EN
EP
EP
I
I I
T EP
Trang 27The Early Effect (Early Voltage)
Trang 28Ø In a Common Emitter Configuration, IC depends on VCE
Ø An increase in VCE means that the CB junction becomes more reverse biased
Ø The depletion layer width increases into the base, reducing the effective base width.
Ø Hence the base transport efficiency ( ) and increase with α β
increasing VCE.
Ø This effect is known as base width modulation or the Early
Trang 29VC E
Trang 30Note: The finite slope of the (ICVCE) plot would manifest itself as an output resistance. This would appear in a more detailed a.c. equivalent circuit of the transistor than the one
we shall derive from the ideal curve. Nasim Zafar 30
Trang 31IB =
Trang 33Ø PBJT = VCE * iCE
Ø Should be below the rated transistor power.
Ø Should be kept in mind when considering heat dissipation.
Ø Reducing power increases efficiency.
Trang 3434 Nasim Zafar
Trang 36Ø Bipolar transistors are widely used in both analogue and digital
circuits
Ø They can be considered as either voltagecontrolled or currentcontrolled devices
Ø Their characteristics may be described by their gain or by their