The main contents of the chapter consist of the following: Characteristic parameters, the basic structure, configurations, common-emitter amplifier, emitter directly connects to ground, emitter connects to ground by resistor RE
Trang 1COMSATS Institute of Information Technology
Virtual campusIslamabad
Trang 2connects to ground by
2 Nasim Zafar
Trang 4Ø The largesignal operation of the BJT amplifier, discussed in lecture 20 (Section 5.3), identifies the region over which a
properly biased transistor can be operated as a linear amplifier for small signals
Ø Methods for dc biasing the BJT were studied in lecture 22
(Section 5.5), and a detailed study of the smallsignal
amplifier operation was also presented (Section 5.6).
Ø We are now ready to consider practical transistor amplifiers, and we will do so in this lecture for circuits suitable for
discretecircuit fabrication. Nasim Zafar 4
Trang 6Ø The basic circuit that we shall use, to implement the various configurations of BJT amplifiers, is shown in slide 8, Ref.
SedraSmith (Figure 5.59).
Ø Among the various biasing schemes possible for discrete BJT amplifiers, we have selected for simplicity and effectiveness, the one employing constantcurrent biasing (Section 5.5).
Ø Slide 8 indicates the dc currents in all branches and the dc
voltages at all nodes.
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Trang 8Basic structure of the circuit used to realize singlestage,
discretecircuit BJT amplifier configurations.
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Trang 9Ø To study the BJT amplifier circuits, it is important to know how to characterize the performance of amplifiers as circuit building blocks.
Ø During the introduction to this subject, the initial material was limited to unilateral amplifiers.
Ø A number of the amplifier circuits however, are not unilateral; that is, they have internal feedback that may cause their input resistance to depend on the load resistance. Similarly, internal feedback may cause the output resistance to depend on the
value of the resistance of the signal source feeding the
Trang 10v For nonunilateral amplifiers, we present here a general set of parameters and equivalent circuits that we will employ in characterizing and comparing transistor
amplifiers.
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Trang 12i i
i
v R
i
i in
i
v R
L
R i
o vo
v
v A
i
o v
v
v A
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Trang 13o is
i
i A
i
o i
i
i A
0
L R i
o m
v i G
Trang 15Output resistance of amplifier proper
0
i v x
x o
i
v R
Output resistance
0
sig v x
x out
i v R
Trang 16Voltage Amplifier
Transconductance Amplifier Voltage Amplifier
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Trang 17Ø Voltage Divided Coefficient:
sig in
in sig
i
R R
R v
v
o L
L vo
v
R R
R A
A
o m
vo G R A
o L
L vo
sig in
in v
R R
R A
R R
R G
vo sig
i
i
R R
R G
out L
L vo
v
R R
R G
G
Trang 1818 Nasim Zafar
Trang 20Ø This capacitor is required to provide a very low impedance to ground (ideally, zero impedance; i.e., in effect, a short circuit)
Trang 21The CommonEmitter (CE) Amplifier
Trang 22Equivalent circuit obtained by replacing the transistor
with its hybridpi model.
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Trang 23CommonEmitter Amplifier
Trang 24C v
R r
r R
R
C out R R
is
A
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Trang 26with a Resistance in the Emitter
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Trang 27with a Resistance in the Emitter
Trang 28C v
R r
R
R
) )(
1 (
) //
(
e e
sig
L
C v
R r
R
R
R G
C out R R
is
A
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Trang 31The CommonBase (CB) Amplifier
Trang 3232 Nasim Zafar
Trang 33) //
L
C v
r R
R
R
C out R R
is
A
Trang 35The CommonCollector (CC) Amplifier
or EmitterFollower
Trang 36The CommonCollector Amplifier or
EmitterFollower
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Trang 37The CommonCollector Amplifier or
EmitterFollower
Trang 381 (
) //
)(
1 (
L o
e
L o
R r
A
) //
)(
1 (
) //
)(
1
( //
//
L o
e
L o
sig ib
B
ib
B v
R r
r
R
r R
R R
R
R G
1
B e
out
R
R r
R
) 1
(
is
A
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Trang 40Ø The CE configuration is the best suited for realizing the amplifier gain.
Ø Including RE provides performance improvements at the
expense of gain reduction
Ø The CB configuration only has the typical application in amplifier. Much superior highfrequency response
Ø The emitter follower can be used as a voltage buffer and exists in output stage of a multistage amplifier. Nasim Zafar 40
Trang 41• Evaluate the values of the BJT smallsignal parameters at the bias point (with = 100). The Early voltage β VA = 100 V.
Trang 4242 Nasim Zafar
Trang 43Example: 5.41