Khách hàng có thể phân bổ việc mua hàng cho vài nhà cung cấp. Một giai đoạn không mua hàng có thể được theo dõi bằng một số lần mua. Không muốn dưa vào một nhà cung cấp đơn lẻ. Các nhà cung cấp có thể thay thế cho nhau. Khách hàng bị buộc vào một hệ thống. Chi phí chuyển đổi nhà cung cấp có thể bao gồm: Các khoản đầu tư cụ thể Phat chấm dứt hợp đồng Chi phí thiết lập 1 nhà cung cấp mới Huấn luyện lại Tìm Đánh giá một nhà cung cấp mới.
Trang 1Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display
Trang 2Chương 4
Hành vi khách hàng tổ chức
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 3KHÁCH HÀNG TỔ CHỨC MUA THẾ NÀO?
CÁC LÝ THUYẾT CÓ LIÊN QUAN
• BUYING DETERMINATES THEORY
hưởng đến quyết định mua
• ROLE THEORY – lý thuyết vai trò
• BEHAVIOR CHOICE THEORY – lý thuyết hành
vi lựa chọn
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 4BUYING DETERMINANTS THEORY
Yếu tố cá nhân
Yếu tố tổ chức Yếu tố thị trường Yếu tố môi trường
Exhibit 4-1
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 5Lý thuyết vai trò
VAI TRÒ
• Initiator -reports that fax
đầu
• Controller -sets budget for
• Gatekeeper -gathers review
• Influencers -view demonstrations
• Recommender -recommends a particular product to decision
• Decision Maker – Selects fax to
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 6CÁC YẾU TỐ TRONG QUÁ TRÌNH MUA
• TIME DIMENSIONS – YẾU TỐ THỜI GIAN
time participation
process
• VERTICAL DIMENSIONS – HÀNG DỌC
• HORIZONTAL DIMENSIONS – HÀNG NGANG
• FORMALIZATION DIMENSION – CÁC QUI TRÌNH
CHÍNH THỨC
procedures and policies
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 7TIME FRAGMENTATION INFLUENCES
SELLER’S MARKETING EFFORTS
INVOLVEMENT INFLUENCE NUMBER OF DECISION MAKERS
HIGHLY MANY FEW MINIMALLY
FRAGMENTED A LITTLE A LOT FRAGMENTED
DECISION CYCLE TIME INFLUENCE
SIZE OF BUYING CENTER
LONGER LARGE SMALL SHORTER
DECISION CYCLE A LITTLE A LOT DECISION CYCLE
EXPERIENCE OF DECISION MAKERS TIME SPENT ON DECISION STAGES
Sales objective is to move to the right on the continuum
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 8RECOGNIZING THE BUYER’S DILEMMA: RISK
THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF RISK TO OVERCOME
• FINANCIAL RISK
• POTENTIAL FOR LOST REVENUE WITH
FAULTY PRODUCT
• PERFORMANCE RISK
• PRODUCT WON’T PERFORM AS INTENDED
• SOCIAL RISK
• THE PURCHASE WILL NOT MEET APPROVAL OF A REFERENCE GROUP
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 9OVERCOMING RISK
• THREE OPTIONS BUYERS USE TO REDUCE
RISK
• GATHER MORE INFORMATION FROM
MORE SOURCES
• USING LOYALTY TO PRESENT SUPPLIERS—
BUILD TRUST
• SPREAD THE RISK BY USING MORE
DECISION MAKERS OR GETTING MORE SUPPLIERS
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 10USING INFORMATION TO REDUCE RISK
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
Impersonal Personal
Trade publications
Word of mouth from colleagues,
consultants, and coworkers
Word of mouth from colleagues,
consultants, and coworkers
Noncommercial
Sales literature Advertising Websites Direct mail
Sales literature Advertising Websites Direct mail
Personal selling Trade shows Telemarketing E-mail
Personal selling Trade shows Telemarketing E-mail
Commercial
EXHIBIT 4-5
Trang 11BEHAVIOR CHOICE MODEL
1 IDENTIFY SITUATION
Company and self-orientation
2 EVALUATE PERSONAL RELEVANCE
Determine Rewards
3 ASSESS ACTION ALTERNATIVES AN
REQUREMENTS
4 CHOOSE A BEHAVIOR STRATEGY
Defensive or Offensive
EXHIBIT 4-6
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Trang 12BUYING DETERMINANTS THEORY MỞ RỘNG
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Business Marketing, 4/e Copyright © 2009 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved
Organizational Factors
Extrinsic reward systems
Role expectations Corporate culture and
intrinsic rewards Cross-functional purchasing teams
Policies supporting vertical and horizontal
dimensions
Individual factors Experience: new buy straight rebuy
Choice of reward-Role orientation
Valence of reward Probability perceptions
Environmental factors
Market factors
Organizational Factors
Individual factors
Trang 13TTT English center
TP.
Anh cho Global University
hãy đặt ra các yêu cầu cho TTT
TTT hãy thiết kế một Đề Xuất chào dịch
vụ cho Global Uni
4-13