Hien nay, tren thd gidi, trong sd din rati chii, phu ntr chidra tdi 2/3; phu nii vin la nan nhin cua sy phin biet ddi xir d gia dinh, noi lam viec, trong tmdng bgc va co quan lanh dao; p
Trang 1VAI TRO cClA PHU NUfVAOpI NGU N Q C A N B 6 C H U C H O T
TRONG CACH MANG VIET NAM
Le Thi Hodng
Bo mon Ngoai ngOr
Trudng DHSP - DHQG Ha Ngi
Hiu nCr chidin mdt niia nbin loai Giai phdng phy ntt la mdt yeu ciu khich quan trong thdi dai ngiy nay H6i nghj thd gidi vd phy nu hgp 6 Bdc Kinh ttr 4/9 ddn 15/9/1995 da ra tiiyen bd, nhin manh quydt tira ciia chfnh phii cic nude tidn tdi muc tieu ttr nay ddn nim 2(X)0 la: blnh dang, phit tridn vi hoi binh cho phy nii, vi Igi feb cua toan thd loai ngudi
Phy nft Viet Nam cd tmydn thdng lich sii rit ve vang: "anh hung, bit khuit, tmng bin, dim
dang" Tmydn tiidng iy da duge kdtbtra vi phit buy b ddi ngQ can bd nu lam cdng tic lanh dao vi
quan ly dudi sy lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Ddi ngii cin bd lanh dao chu chdt la nit cd vai trd rit quan trgng ddi vdi qui tnnb cieb mang Viet Nam Do dd, vSh dd dat ra hien nay l i phai xiy dimg ddi ngu can bd lanh dao chu chdt la nii dam bao yeu ciu ea vd sd lugng vi chit lugng dd gdp phin cho thing Igi ciia sy nghiep giai phdng phu nii tren dit nude ta va dua phy nti Viet Nam boa nhip vio sy nghiep giai phdng phy nir tren pham vi toan thd gidi
Trong cdng eude ddi mdi bifn nay, ddi ngii cin bd nii: dang dung tmdc thdi co vi van hdi
mdi Nhiem vu each mang mdi yeu ciu cang cao d6i vdi mgi loai can bd Ddi ngu cin bd ndi chung dang b trong tinh trang bit cip Cin bd nii lai cang gap kbd khan, giam siit ca vd sd lugng
va chit lugng, chua ddng bd vd co ciu vi trinh dd, ngudn cin bd dang bi hing hut da anh budng d^n quydn lam chu ciia phy nii vi sy nghiep giai phdng phy nii
Ndi ddn phy nii la ndi ddn mdt niia nhin loai Phu nii da gdp phin to Idn vio viec quydt djnh sy tdn tai vi phit tridn ciia xa hdi loai ngudi Didu dd thd hien tmdc hdt d thien chiic cua ngudi phu nii la sinh de, duy tri ndi gidng, nudi day nhiing Idp trd ttr khi Igt Idng ddn khi tmdng thanh Phu nii la lye lugng lao ddng hung biu, ddng gdp to Idn vio viec lam ra cua cai vit chi( i
vi tinh thin lira cho xa hdi tdn tai va phit tridn; nhung phu ntr lai rit ft duge budng thy nhiingT" san phim va thanh qua ma bg da tao ra; Hon niia, hg phai ginh chju nhiing thiet thdi, la nhiing ngudi chiu thiet thdi nhit Hien nay, tren thd gidi, trong sd din rati chii, phu ntr chidra tdi 2/3; phu nii vin la nan nhin cua sy phin biet ddi xir d gia dinh, noi lam viec, trong tmdng bgc va co quan lanh dao; phu nir vin tidp tyc chju dyng nhung ganh nang nhit cua sy thit bai vd xa hdi va
kinh td' b bit cii noi nio mi hg sinh sdng
Vah dd giai phdng phu ntr con gin lidn vdi viec nhin tbtre ro khi ning va vai trd ciia phu nii trong viec phu nii tham gia boat ddng xa hdi, nhit la viec tham gia lanh dao, quan ly dit nude
Tren thd gidi da xui't hien nhidu phu nir vugt qua mgi kbd khan trd ngai, phin diu ning cao dja vj xa hdi ciia minh len nhung vj lanh dao cao trong cic qudc gia Gin diy vai trd ciia phu nir cang trd nen ndi bit hon bdi sy ding quang lien tidp cua cic nir nguyen thu qudc gia
Th^ gidi da timg bidt ddn nhung nir thu tudng ndi tie'ng Trong vdng 2 thip ky gin diy da
cd tdi hing chuc phu nir giu cuang vj hoac vio hang ngu ngyyen thu qudc gia nhu A n Dd, Anh,
Trang 2Xrilanca, Pakixtan, Balan, Bangladet, Nicaragoa, Thd Nbl Ky, Canada, Phap, Phihppin Hg khdng chi duge hudng vinb quang eiia mdt nhan vat quan trgng ma edn phai chju cd mdi nguy hidm (bj i m sit, bj ebdt hut) Trong sd bg, cd nbirng ngudi diy nii tfnh, dil ban bju nhidu cdng viec qudc gia vin khdng bao gid quen nhiem vu lam me, lam vg Didu dd ebiing td ring: phu nii khdng chi quan tam ddn viec day dd eon cai va ndi trg ma edn rit chu y ddn thdi eude va cd nhidu kbd nang tham gia vao sy nghiep chfnh tri, cdng tie lanh dao quan ly Va khi hg da quydt tam lam ehinh tri thi tai nang cua hg chdng thua kem gi dan dng
6 Viet Nam, phu nu tham gia quydn lye chfnh tri cip cao ngay til nbihig ngay diu cua
Ijch sii din tdc Dd la nhung ten tudi phu nir mai mai duge cic thd he ehiing ta ngudng rad: Hai
Bi Tmng, Ba Trieu, Hoang hau Duong Van Nga, Nguyen phi Y Lan Ttr cieb raang Thing
T i m ddn nay, dac biet trong thdi ky ddi mdi, phu nu tham gia vio bd miy lanh dao cip cao ngay cang nhidu ban Hien nay, ebiing ta cd 1 phd ebii tjeh nude, 1 bf thu TW Dang, 6 bd tmdng, 24 thut tmdng vi tuong duong, ban 80 vu tmdng, vu phd va tuong duang, 150 tdng giam ddc v i phd
tdng giim ddc la nir ('Truong My Hoa: Vai trd eiia phu nU Viet Nam trong phdt trien kinh te, xa hoi, tham gia quan ly Nlid nudc vd dinh hudng phdt trien den nam 2000 Tap chi Cong sdn sd 14 thdng 10/1995, trang /.'>)
d nude CHND Tmng Hoa da timg cd 2 phd cbii tjeh Hdi nghj hiep thuong, 2 ntr phd chii tjch qudc vu vien, 4 bd tmdng va tbur tmdng Han Qudc, nam 1988 cd 1 nii bd tmdng, ddn nam
1993 cd 3 bd tmdng la nir Xrilanca da xuit hien cap nir tdng thdng va nii thu tudng la 2 rae eon Trong ehinh phu Phip, hien nay cd tdi 12 nir bd trudng d My cd nii lam bd tmdng Bd Tu phip, duge menh danh la "ngudi phu nu thep", nhung ba vdn la ngudi me hidn eiia 4 dira con
Qua dd ta tbiy, mac dti chju sy tie ddng trye tidp hoac anh hudng ciia tan du tu tudng
"trgng nam khinb nu", nhung trong Ijeb sir eiia nhan loai da xuit hien nhidu guong mat phy ntr lanh dao cip cao va duge thira nhan la tai nang Dae biet d Viet Nam, tmydn thdng dd xuit hien sdm Do vay, cin nhan thiie ring phu nir tham gia lanh dao chii chdt la mdt yeu ciu ciia sy phit tridn dit nude va tbye hien nam nu binh ddng; phu nu cd nhidu phim chit bim sinh td't nhu diic tfnh vj tha, tinh thin trach nhiem va nang lye td ebtre va quan ly Vi valy, viec phit hien, d i o tao
va pbat buy tii nang ntr la trach nhiem ciia eac td chire Dang, Nba nude, doan thd va ciia toan xa hdi
Khdng ai cd thd pbii nhan vai trd cua phu nir vi ddi ngu cin bd lanh dao chu chdt la ntr trong qui trinh cieb mang tren thd gidi ndi chung va d nude ta ndi rieng Didu nay thd hien mdt each rd n6t qua tu tudng ciia Hd Chi Minb Ngudi da kd thtra, phit trien va van dung sing tao quan didm ciia chu ngbia Mae - Lenin vd van dd phu nii vi cin bd nir Ngudi dinh gii diing vai trd va kha nang ciia phu nir trong gia cTmb va ngoai xa hdi Bie da khdng djnh: "Non sdng g&n vde Viet Nam do phu nir ta, tre eung nhu gia ra siic det theu ma nen tdt dep rye rd", "Xem trong Ijeh sir, cieb menh chdng cd lin nao la khdng cd dan ba con gii tiiam gia Cieb menh cung phai cd nO gidi tham gia mdi thanh cdng"
Trong thdi ky boat ddng bf mat d nude ngoai, Bic Hd da trye tidp td chiic c i c Idp bdi dudng buin luyen can bd eich mang nude ta, trong dd cd nhung cin bd nir uu tii diu tien nhu chj Nguydn Tbj Minh Khai Bie rit quan tim ddn viec xiy dyng ddi ngu cin bd nu Ngudi ta timg nhdc nbd: "Dae biet phai chii y eat nhde can bd pbii nir vio cic co quan lanh dao, nhit la cic nganh boat ddng tbfeh hgp vdi phu nir"
Trang 3Cin bo nii hoin toin cd diy du tinh thin va kbd nang tham gia cic boat ddng xa hdi, ddng gdp vdi phong trio chung Dae biet, cin bd nii cd tic dung trye tidp, rit manh ddi vdi phong trio phu nii Mudn cd phong trio phu nir thi phai cd cin bd nu Ngugc lai, phong trao phy nii phit tridn nhanh hay chim, thanh qua ddn mire dd nao la do cin bd ddng vai trd quydt djnh Bic Hd die biet quan tim ddn viec dao tao cin bd ntr Qunh Bie da manh dan dd bat cin bd nti, sii dung diing sd tmdng va kha nang cin bd ntr Quan didm ciia Bic li ting cudng cin bd nii vi dua phy ntr vao cic cip lanh dao, phdi bidt phit buy uu didm cua cin bd nii Nhung uu didm dd xuit phit tit dac didm tira ly, ban chit tdt dep eiia phu nii li cin thin, chu dio, tidt kiem trong tieu diing, gin gui vi hoi minh vdi phong trao quin chiing
Ngay ttr khi mdi thinh lip va trong sudt qui trinh lanh dao cieb raang Viet Nara, Dang ta
da quan tim ddn sy nghiep gidi phdng phu nii Trong mdi giai doan each mang Dang da cd chii tmong, chinh sich cu thd phu hgp dd phit buy ning lyc vi trinh dd ctia cin bd nii Nhd cd dinh gii ding vd vai trd ciia phu nir Dang ta da thu hut duge toan thd lyc lugng to Idn ctia phu nii di theo Dang Phu nii Viet Nam da tfeb eye hudng ting va tham gia cic phong trio cieb mang; nhidu chj da diu tranh anh dung va by sinh oanh bet Trong chidn tranh chdng My cuu nudc Dang ta da kip thdi ra 2 chi thi "Mdt sd vin dd vd td chiic va lanh dao cdng tic phy vin" va "Vd cdng tic dio tao bdi dudng cin bd nii", coi dd la vin dd cd tfnh chit qudc sich rai ragi cin bd ciia Dang phai die biet quan tira Dang da xic djnh ro muc dfch ting cudng can bd nii se phit buy kha ning, tn tue cua chi em ddng gdp vao sy lanh dao toan dien ciia Dang va cdng viec qudn ly ciia Nha nude Didu dd thd hien cu thd trong chi thi 44 ciia Ban Bf thu TW Dang (1984):
"Trong CO ciu cip uy Dang va eac co quan quan ly kinh td, qudn 15^ Nha nudc, cic doan thd, phai
cd cin bd nft b nhttng vj tn' chii chdt cin thidt, nhit li b nhiing llnh vyc ma cin bd nii cd nhidu
didu kien dd phit buy kbd nang", quydt djnh eiia Hdi ddng bd tmdng quy djnh trich nhiem cic cip chinh quydn trong viec bao dim cho cic ci'p cua Hdi Lien hiep phu nu Viet Nam tham gia quan ly Nhi nude Hdi da td chire cic phong trao: "Phu nir ba dam dang", "Phu nit giiip nhau lam kinh td gia dinh", "Phu nii nudi eon tdt gdp phin ban ebd tre era suy dinh dudng va bd bgc",
Trong qui trinh chuydn ddi ea ebd qudn ly kinh td, ttr co chd quan ly bao cip sang co chd thi tmdng, nira 1994 Ban chip binh TW Dang ra chi tbj "Vd radt sd vin dd cdng tic cin bd nti trong tinh binh mdi" Chi tbj da chi ra: "Viec nang cao ty le can bd nii tham gia quan ly Nha
nudc, quan ^ kinh td - xa hdi la yeu ciu quan trgng dd thit sy thd hien quydn binh ddng, din
chii cua phu nir, l i didu kien dd phit buy tai nang tn tue va ning cao dja vj xa hdi ciia phu nii" Ngay nay, phu ntr da duge binh ddng vdi nam gidi trong viec eung vdi nara gidi thara gia vao cdng viec lanh dao Nhi nudc va quan ly xa hdi Ddng va Nha nudc ta da dd ra vi tbye hien nhidu bien phip hiiu hieu dd dio tao, bdi duong, giio due, ning cao trinh dd cho phu nii cd dii kha nang tham gia quan ly nha nudc
Nhu viy Dang ta da danh gia diing vai trd cua phu nii Viet Nara, da phe phin nhiing quan didra nhin tbire hep hdi, sai trai, stra chira nhung thidu sdt trong viec td ebtre tbye hien, tidp tue dd ra nhiing chit tmong chinh sich diing ddn dd dio tao bdi dudng ddi ngu cin bd chu chdt la nii nhira phit huy kha ning cua phu nir trong cic giai doan each mang, die biet la trong cdng eude ddi mdi hien nay
(Xem tie'p trang 58)
Trang 4Tdi lieu tham klido
1 Uy ban qudc gia vi sy tidn bd cua phu nii Viet Nam: sd heu vd phu nft Viet Nara
1985-1994 Nxb thdng ke, 1995
2 Hd Chi Minb: Vdi vin dd giai phdng phu nu Nxb Riu ntr, H 1970
3 Lenin: Vdi viii dd gidi phdng phu ntr Phu nir 1970
4 Tmong My Hoa: Vai trd eiia phu nir Viet Nam trong phit tridn kinh td, xa bdi tham gia quan ly Nhi nudc va djnh hudng phit tridn den nam 2000 T/C cdng san sd 14 thing 10/1995
SUMMARY Role of women an ofTiel feministe in Vietnam revolution
Role and importance of women in social activities especially inleading and management According to Ho Chi Minb opinion, women are eapables of taking over important work Thus, our Party need to have reasonable policy for women