Bài giảng thuế tncn (pit) phục vụ thi f6 acca

Bài giảng thuế tncn (pit) phục vụ thi f6 acca Bài giảng thuế tncn (pit) phục vụ thi f6 acca Bài giảng thuế tncn (pit) phục vụ thi f6 acca

What is Personal Income Tax (PIT)?

• Definition: PIT stands for Personal Income Tax, a

mandatory contribution by individuals to the government,

based on their income

• Components:

– Tax : Mandatory payment to support public operations.

– Income: Determined by income earned in a specific period

(tax base)

– Personal : Applies to individuals as taxable entities.

• Purpose:

– Funds government activities

– Reduces income inequality

– Encourages civic contribution to national development

Who is Subject to PIT in Vietnam (2025)?

• Resident Individuals:

– Present in Vietnam for 183 days or more in a calendar

year or within 12 consecutive months

– Have a permanent residence or lease a residence in

Vietnam for 183 days or more in the tax year

• Non-Resident Individuals:

– Individuals with taxable income generated in Vietnam,

regardless of residency status

• Key Update (2025):

– From July 1, 2025, personal identification numbers

replace tax codes for tax purposes (Circular

86/2024/TT-BTC)

Taxable Income and Deductions (2025)

• Taxable Income:

– Salaries, wages, and remuneration

– Business activities (goods, services, independent

professions)

– Capital investments, capital transfers, real estate

transfers

– Winnings (lotteries, promotions) exceeding VND 10

million per occurrence

– Royalties, franchises, inheritances, and gifts

• Exemptions: Social insurance pensions, remittances,

agricultural income, bank deposit interest

Who is Subject to Personal Income Tax (PIT)?

• Definition: Individuals with taxable income from Vietnam

are subject to PIT

• Key Principle: Anyone with taxable income from Vietnam,

regardless of nationality, is liable for PIT

• Categories: Based on residency status:

– Resident Individuals

– Non-Resident Individuals

• 2025 Update: Personal identification numbers replace tax

codes from July 1, 2025 (Circular 86/2024/TT-BTC)

What is Residency Status?

• Definition: A term used in PIT regulations to classify

individuals as:

– Resident Individuals

– Non-Resident Individuals

• Clarification: Residency status is unrelated to nationality.

– A Vietnamese citizen can be a non-resident for tax

Criteria for Resident Individuals

• A Resident Individual meets one of these conditions:

– Present in Vietnam for 183 days or more in a calendar

year or 12 consecutive months from arrival

– Has a regular place of residence in Vietnam:

Permanent residence (registered for Vietnamese citizens;listed in Permanent/Temporary Residence Card for

foreigners)

Leased residence with contracts totaling 183 days or

more in the tax year.

• Note: If present < 183 days but cannot prove residency

elsewhere, considered a resident in Vietnam

Proof of Residency

• Proof of Residency Elsewhere:

– Based on a Certificate of Residence.

– For countries with Double Taxation Agreements but no

Certificate of Residence, provide a passport copy to proveresidency duration

• Calculating Days in Vietnam:

– Based on entry/exit dates in the passport

– Day of arrival and departure counts as one day.

Why Divide Taxpayers into Two Categories?

– Taxable only on income generated in Vietnam.

– Regardless of where income is paid or received

• Purpose: Ensures fair taxation based on income source and

residency

Example 1: Mr A (Vietnamese Citizen)

• Scenario: Mr A works in Japan (2018), present in Vietnam

for 60 days, holds a Japanese residence card

Example 2: Mr B (Japanese Citizen, Resident)

• Scenario: Mr B works in Vietnam (2018), present for 190

days

• Income:

– Salary for work in Vietnam (paid by Vietnam office)

– Salary for work in Vietnam (paid by Japanese company).– Salary for work in Japan (paid by Japanese company)

Example 2: Mr B (Non-Resident Scenario)

• Alternative Scenario: Mr B is a non-resident in Vietnam

in 2018

• Income (same as previous slide):

– Salary for work in Vietnam (paid by Vietnam office)

– Salary for work in Vietnam (paid by Japanese company).– Salary for work in Japan (paid by Japanese company)

• Taxable Income: Only Vietnam-sourced income:

– Salary for work in Vietnam (paid by Vietnam office)

– Salary for work in Vietnam (paid by Japanese company)

• 2025 Update: Automated tax finalization expected from

2026

PIT Calculation for Vietnamese Individuals

• Subject: Vietnamese resident individuals.

• Income: Multiple types of taxable income (gross, no

gross-up needed)

• Approach: Same as for foreigners, but skips residency

determination (Vietnamese nationals assumed residents)

Scenario: Mr Phu (Vietnamese Citizen)

• Profile: 40-year-old CEO of Company G (Vietnam

joint-stock company) in 2018

• Income (Gross, 2018):

– Salary: VND 580 million/month + 2 extra months

(March 2018, January 2019)

– Incentive: 100,000 shares or cash (paid June 2019)

– Car rental, health insurance, golf membership, share

options, school fees, overtime, allowances

• Dependents: 2 children (8 years, 11 months) Wife and

parents not dependents

• Charity: VND 100 million donation to Hanoi disability

organization

Taxable Income for Mr Phu

• Annual Salary: VND 6,960 million (580 Ư 12, taxable).

• Additional Salaries: VND 580 million (March 2018,

taxable; January 2019 taxed in 2019)

• Incentive Bonus: 100,000 shares (taxed in June 2019

when received)

• Car Rental: VND 360 million (non-taxable, commuting

costs)

• Health Insurance:

– Family: VND 150 million (taxable, benefit)

– Himself: VND 30 million (non-taxable)

• Golf Membership: VND 160 million (taxable, named

benefit)

Taxable Income for Mr Phu (Continued)

• Share Options: VND 1,750 million (50,000 shares Ư

• Overtime Pay: VND 120 million (taxable, regular rate);

VND 60 million (exempt, excess rate)

• Total Taxable Income: VND 9,965 million.

Non-Taxable/Exempt Income for Mr Phu

• Car Rental: VND 360 million (commuting costs).

• Health Insurance (Self): VND 30 million.

• Overtime (Excess Rate): VND 60 million.

• Allowances:

– Hazard: VND 12 million (1 Ư 12, non-taxable)

– Uniform: VND 4 million (cash < 5 million, non-taxable).– Relocation: VND 20 million (disadvantaged area,

non-taxable)

– Lunch: Company-organized meals (non-taxable)

• Total Non-Taxable/Exempt: VND 495.6 million.

Deductions for Mr Phu

• Family Circumstance Deduction:

• Insurance Deduction: VND 24.2 million Ư 10.5

• Charitable Deduction: VND 100 million (donation to

Hanoi disability organization, valid receipt)

• Total Deductions: VND 233.2 + 30 + 100 = VND 363.2

million

PIT Calculation for Mr Phu

• Formula: PIT = Taxable Income Ư Progressive Tax Rate

• Taxable Income (Monthly):

– Total Taxable Income: VND 9,965 million

– Less Deductions: VND 363.2 million

– Monthly: (9,965 363.2) / 12 = VND 800.15 million

• Monthly PIT: 800.15 Ư 0.35 9.85 = VND 270.2 million.

• Annual PIT: 270.2 Ư 12 = VND 3,242 million.

Key Notes and 2025 Updates

• Notes:

– Gross income requires no gross-up

– School fees for Vietnamese children in Vietnam are

– Automated tax finalization expected in 2026

– Deductions: VND 11 million/month (taxpayer), VND 4.4million/month (dependent)

PIT on Income from Capital Investment

• Definition: Income from capital investment includes

dividends, interest, and profits from capital contributions

• 2025 Update: Personal identification numbers replace tax

codes (July 1, 2025, Circular 86/2024/TT-BTC)

Tax Point for Capital Investment Income

• General Rule: Tax point is when income is paid to the

taxpayer

• Specific Cases:

– Increased capital contribution value: Upon enterprise

dissolution or capital withdrawal

– Profits recorded as increased capital: Upon capital

transfer or withdrawal

– Dividends paid in shares: Upon share transfer

– Overseas investments: Upon receipt of income

• Formula: PIT = Taxable Income Ư 5

Scenario: Ms Ls Investment Income (2019)

• Income Sources:

– VND 100 million (government bond interest)

– VND 120 million (cash dividends from T Co., unlisted).– 20,000 shares of P Co (dividends in shares, market priceVND 18,000/share)

• Requirement: Determine Ms Ls PIT liability from capital

investment in 2018

PIT Calculation for Ms L

• Government Bond Interest: VND 100 million (exempt

– No PIT in 2018 as shares were not transferred

• Total PIT Liability (2018): VND 6 million.

• 2025 Update: Automated tax finalization expected in

2026

PIT on Income from Capital Transfer

• Types of Capital Transfer:

– Capital Contribution: Transfer in LLCs, partnerships,

• 2025 Update: Personal identification numbers replace tax

codes (July 1, 2025, Circular 86/2024/TT-BTC)

PIT on Capital Contribution Transfer

• Tax Point: When the transfer contract takes effect or upon

capital withdrawal (if contributed as capital)

• Formula: PIT = Taxable Income Ư 20

• Taxable Income: Transfer Price (Purchase Price +

Reasonable Costs)

– Transfer Price: Amount received per contract

– Purchase Price: Value of capital contribution at transfer.– Reasonable Costs: Legal fees, state fees, other direct

costs (with valid documentation)

Scenario 3: Mr Xs Capital Contribution

• Details (2019):

– May 15: Contributed VND 50 billion + 500,000 A Co

shares (VND 15,000/share) to H Co

– September 1: Sold entire capital contribution to Mr Y forVND 68 billion

• Requirement: Calculate PIT liability for the transfer on

September 1, 2019

PIT Calculation for Mr X

• Transfer Price: VND 68 billion.

• PIT Payable: VND 10.5 billion Ư 20

• Note: Securities used for contribution may incur PIT on

securities transfer if not taxed earlier

PIT on Securities Transfer

• Tax Point:

– Listed securities: Upon receipt of income

– Unlisted public company securities: Upon ownership

transfer at depository center

– Other securities: When transfer contract takes effect

– Securities used as capital contribution: Upon capital

transfer/withdrawal

• PIT Payable: Transfer Price per Transaction Ư 0.1

• Transfer Price: Matched order price (listed) or

contract/book value (unlisted)

Scenario 4: Ms Ls Securities Transfer

• Details (September 1, 2018):

– Sold 140,000 P Co shares (20,000 dividend shares) at

VND 20,000/share

– Sold 120,000 T Co shares at VND 16,000/share

• Requirement: Calculate PIT liability for the securities

transfer

PIT Calculation for Ms L

• PIT on Dividend Shares: 20,000 Ư VND 10,000 Ư 5

• Total PIT Liability: VND 4.7 million + VND 10 million =

VND 14.7 million

• 2025 Update: Automated tax finalization expected in

2026

PIT for Foreign Residents in Vietnam

• Subject: Foreign individuals residing in Vietnam.

• Focus: Income from salaries and wages, possibly with 12

other income types

• Key Tasks: Determine residency status, tax period, and

Four-Step Process for PIT Calculation

• Step 1: Determine residency status (resident or

non-resident)

• Step 2: Classify income into 10 types (focus on

salaries/wages)

• Step 3: Identify taxable, non-taxable, and exempt income.

• Step 4: Calculate PIT liability using progressive tax rates.

• Note: Gross income (no gross-up) is common in exam

scenarios

Step 1: Residency Status

– Subsequent years: Calendar year

• Scenario (Mr Tommy, 2015): Resident (lease > 365

days); tax period: January 1 December 31, 2015

Step 2: Income Classification

• Income Types (10): Salaries/wages, business, capital

transfer, capital investment, real estate transfer, royalties,

franchising, inheritance, winnings, gifts

• Mr Tommys Income (2015):

– Salary, performance bonus, benefits (house rent, tuition,airfare, medical insurance, car, accumulative insurance),stock options

– All classified as salaries and wages.

Step 3: Taxable Income

• Taxable Income (Article 2, Circular 111/2013):

– Salaries, bonuses, allowances, benefits (e.g., house rent,named memberships, personal services)

• Mr Tommys Taxable Income (VND million):

Step 3: Non-Taxable/Exempt Income

• Non-Taxable Income:

– Relocation allowance, house rent (> 15

• Exempt Income: Overtime (excess rate), pensions (local

Accumulative Insurance Clarification

• Accumulative Insurance (USD 3,000/month Ư

• Application: Deductions apply from the month of

dependency obligation, within the tax period

PIT Calculation Notes

• Period: Monthly or annual liability.

• Net vs Gross Income:

– Net: After tax or company bears tax Gross-up required.– Gross: Before tax or individual bears tax No gross-up

(default if unspecified)

• Formula: PIT = [Gross Taxable Income Deductions] Ư

Progressive Tax Rate (5%35%)

• 2025 Update: Deductions at VND 11 million (taxpayer),

VND 4.4 million (dependent) per Resolution 954/2020

Summary and 2025 Updates

• Mr Tommys Case:

– Taxable Income: VND 9,086 million

– Non-Taxable: VND 1,692 million (includes accumulativeinsurance, assumed non-taxable)

• 2025 Updates:

– Personal identification numbers (July 1, 2025)

– Automated tax finalization (2026)

– Deductions: VND 11 million/month (taxpayer), VND 4.4million/month (dependent)