Active tr port
Sec active tr port
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Amino acids are tr ported along the concentration gradient from GIT to blood through facilitated tr port with the help of chylomicrons
Q: A patient drops his arm suddenly after the full abduction.Which muscle is damaged?
Trapezius
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Deltoid muscle supplied by axillary nerve involved in the initial abduction of the arm.
Infraspinatus
Q: Which of the following is present in anterior mediastinum only?
thoraric aorta
Azygous vein
Hemi azygous vein
Thymus
thymus is located in the anterior mediastinum. It is a lymphoid tissue involved in the maturation of T lymphocytes. It is markedly enlarged in myasthenia gravis
Q: A 40years old female presented with dark spots on skin and Bp 90/60mmhg. Her serum K level was raised and serum PH was 7.1. What can best describe these signs and symptoms?
cushing disease
CKD
Hyperaldosteronism
Addison disease
In addisons disease there is decreased secretion of adrenal hormones causing sodium wasting and potassium retention. Labs show decreased serum pH,hyponateremia and hyperkalemia. There is over production of ACTH and Melanin resulting in pigmentation Q: 2 years old boy was presented with c/o diarrhea. Stool PH was acidic And Brush border of his intestine was lost what enzyme is deficient in this patient?
Protease
Amylase
Lactase
Lactate accumulation leads to explosive osmotic diarrhea after the consumption of dairy products. Hydrogen breath test is used for the diagnosis and acidic stool PH is also an important feature. Described symptoms are characteristic of lactase insufficiency
Lipase
Q: A Patient got hit by a Motorbike and had an injury to lower abdomen Precisely 3cm lateral to the umbilicus. Structure injured would be:
SVC
Spleen
Liver
the most commonly injured organ in abdominal injury is live . The patient can immediately go into hypovolemic shock due to excessive bleed. 2nd being the spleen.
Common iliac vessel
Q: A patient had laceration in the skin. What will be the first mechanism in the body as a defense?
Vasodilation
Low BP
Tachycardia
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is The first mechanism of body after injury to prevent the blood loss and to maintain the blood pressure to prevent hypervolemia
Q: A patient presented with shortness of breath, palpitations and serum Hb of 8g/dl.
What will be the investigation of choice in this patient?
Serum Hb
Serum tr ferrin
Serum ferritin
Ferritin is a protein, which serves to store iron in the tissues.The best investigation of choice in a patient with low Hb level is serum iron level, Vit B12, and folic acid levels to find the cause of low HB.
Bone marrow biopsy
Q: A patient presented with bilateral masses in lungs, his serum AFP was raised and he has pale skin. What is the possible disease?
Bronchogenic carcinoma
CLD
HepC
HCC
An AFP level of less than 10 ng/mL is normal for adults. An extremely high level of AFP in your blood—greater than 500 ng/mL—could be a sign of liver tumors.AFP is a marker of hepatocellular carcinoma. 2nd most common site of metastasis from HCC is lungs. And the appearance of the tumor in lungs is called canon ball appearance
Q: A Patient was tr fused with one litre of blood. What will he the first reservoir for this tr fused blood?
Cap0illaries
Arteries
Veins and venules
veins and venules are the first reservoir when Blood is tr fused through veins. after that blood is tr mitted to interstitial spaces.
Interstitial space
Q: A patient had an RTA and 1L blood was lost. What type of anemia you can expect in this patient at that time?
Microcytic hypochromic
Macrocytic
Anemia of chronic disease
Normocytic normochromic
Acute anemia dua to blood loss leads to Normocytic normochromic picture while hypochromic RBCs are present in iron deficiency anemia
Q: A patient on ATT is having pain in big toe. What drug is causing this pain?
Isoniazid
Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide
The metabolite pyrazinoic acid is oxidized by xanthine oxidase and is likely responsible for the hyperuricemic effect. Hyperuricemia has been reported in 43% to 100% of patients treated withpyrazinamide (alone or in combination). Furthermore, gouty attacks have been associated with patients taking pyrazinamid
Rifampicin
Q: A patient is having diarrhea loss of memory and skin lesions. What factor is missing in his diet?
B1
B2
B3
Severe deficiency of vitamin B3 leads to pellagra. Symptoms of pellagra: Diarrhea, Dementia (Also hallucinations), Dermatitis (C3/C4 dermatome circumferential “broad collar” rash [Casal necklace], hyperpigmentation of sun exposed limbs.
B6
Q: The cauda equina is defined as:
Collection of blood vessels below L1
Collection of spinal nerves below L1
The cauda equina is a bundle of nerve roots from the lumbar and sacral levels that branch off the bottom of the spinal cord like a "horse's tail.These individual nerve roots provide motor and sensory function to the legs and bladder. When this group of nerves is damaged, the patient presents with following symptoms low back pain, pain that radiates to legs, numbness around anus and loss of bowel and bladder control.
Collection meningeal tissue below L1
Collection of spinal nerves above L1