Which of the following phenomena is caused by Sympathetic cholinergic supply

 Decrease cardiac contractility

 The decrease in pupil size

 Vasodilation in skeletal muscles

Acetylcholine is released due to Sympathetic cholinergic which leads to vasodilation in skeletal muscles.

 Decrease heart rate

Q: A patient comes to you with generalized lymphadenopathy. He is HIV positive,.on which lab will you decide future treatment plan for him?

 Th 1

 Cd 4 count

HIV VIRUS kills CD4 cells. In adancing stges its number decreases. A normal range of CD4 cells is about 500-1,500. When the CD4 count drops below 200 due to advanced HIV disease, a person is diagnosed with AIDS

 Cd 4 cd 8 ratio

 Cd 8

87. most likely cause of Arterial thrombi is

 Left ventricle mural thrombi

 Right atrial mural thrombi

 Systemic venous thrombi

 Left atrium mural thrombi

atrial fibrillation causes a blood stasis within the atria with easy thrombus formation. It may lead to Arterial occlusion occurs as a consequence of embolism of blood clots originating from the heart

88. Basal ganglia lesion is characterized by all except:

 Resting tremors

 Rigidity

 Hemiblismus

 Intention tremors

Cerebeller lesion causes intension tremer

89. Thirst is stimulated in hypothalamus by whoch of the following hormone

 Aldosterone

 Angiotensin 1

 Angiotensin 2

Angiotensin (ANG) II causes an immediate increase in water intake followed by a slower increase in NaCl intake. it is a powerful and stimulus to thirst and sodium appetite. When it is injected directly into sensitive areas of the brain, it

d . ADH

90. following is a tumor suppressor gene

 RAS

 BCL2

 p53

p53 is a well known tumor suppresser gene. It I also called tp53. It codes for a tumor protein that regulates the cell cycle

 AFP

91. A 70 years old lady has a hard plaque in post. fornix of vagina, biopsy shows malignancy.

Which of the following will be the most likely cancer in this lady?

 Sarcoma

 Adenocarcinoma

 Sqamous Cell carcinoma

most likely cancer in vagina is SCC as vagina is lined by squamous epithelium

 Embryonal Ca

92. what of the following will occur If arterial pCO2 is increased?

 Increase HCO3- secretion

Increase in pCO2 is known as respiratory acidosis. To compensate this acidosis HCO3 will increase

 Increased red cell mass

 Decreased chloride movement in RBC

 Decreased red cell size

93. WHAT COULD BE THE CAUSE if eplieptic patient is suffering from megaloblastic anemia, a. Tetra-hydrofolate deficiency

anti epileptic drug phenytoin inhibits the conversion of folic acid into its active form i.e.

Tetrahydro folic acid and decrese in folic acid ( active form may lead to megaloblastic anemia

 Pernicious anemia

 Tr cobolamine deficiency

 Lipid malobsorptive disorders

08 March 2018 Evening (B)

1.A pregnant female visited for her follow up her Hb drops during early pregnancy the most common cause of anemia in early pregnancy is?

 Iron deficiency anemia

 Folic acid deficiency

 Normal physiological anemic change

In pregnancy there is a physiological plasma volume exp ion that leads to Dilutional anemia of pregnancy and it develops commonly in early pregnancy

 Vitamin B 12 deficiency

2.5 yrs old kid who is pale and failure to thrive got hepatosplenomegaly his HB is 6 along with a microcytic picture most probable diagnosis would be?

 Iron deficiency anemia

 Thalassemia

 Hereditary Spherocytosis

It is a case of hereditary spherocytosis as the blood film showed microcytic picture along with hepatosplenomegaly on examination whereas thalassemia is excluded because it is usually diagnosed in early age that is after 6 months to 1 year

 CML

3.A Fisherman presented with anemia his blood picture shows macrocytic anemia and stool examination shows egg what can be the causative agent?

 Sea snail

 Clostridium tetani

 diphyllobothrium latum

The parasitic infestation named Diphyllobothrium is commonly known as tapeworms which can cause megaloblastic anemia in hum it enters in human body through consumption of raw or undercooked fish

 Vibrio cholera

4. Which of the following will cause decreased lymphatic flow?

 Increased hydrostatic pressure

 Increased oncotic pressure

If there is Increased oncotic pressure in blood vessels then it will keep fluid within vessels so less fluid will leak out into interstitial space to make lymph thus lymphatic flow will decrease Whereas if there is increased venous pressure and increased hydrostatic pressure forces fluid out of vessels leading to an increase lymphatic flow

 Increased venous pressure

 None of these

5. The second part of the duodenum is related anteriorly to which of following organ?

 Spleen

 Liver

 Ascending colon

 Tr verse mesocolon

Posterior relations of second part of duodenum are right kidney, right ureter, right adrenal gland, Superiorly lies the liver and gallbladder the Inferior aspect is related to loops of jejunum related to ascending colon , hepatic flexure, right kidney laterally and medially linked to pancreatic head and it is related anteriorly to tr verse mesocolon

6.which of the following are the muscles of forceful Expiration ?

 External intercostal

 Serratus posterior

 Serratus anterior

 Rectus abdominis

During breathing at resting state there is presence of quiet expiration that is an absolute passive phenomenon. In contrary to forced expiration that is carried on by active

contribution of Internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles

7.Which of the following muscles causes extension and lateral rotation of the hip joint?

 Gluteus maximus

The most powerful muscle which is the extensor and outward rotator of the hip joint is the gluteus maximus muscle in addition it also supports the stabilization of our hip joint in hum .

 Gluteus minimus

 Gluteus medius

 Sartorious

8.Most common organism involved in lung abscess is?

 Pseudomonas

 Klebsiella

 Streptococcus pneumonia

 Staph aureus

The most common organism involved in the formation of lung abscess is Staphylococcus aureus

9.Which is the Best analgesia for a post operated patient of asthma post-op?

 Ketorolac

 Paracetamol

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketorolac are risky to be used in asthematic patient so the analgesia of choice to be used in

postoperated asthmatic patient is paracetamol

 Naproxen

 Ibuprofen

10.What does Diazepam and chlorpromazine causes?

 Sedation

 Consation

 Respiratory depression

 All of these

All given conditions are side effects of diazepam and chlorpromazine so correct wer would be D

11.Which of following is reduced by Heparin in a case of thromboembolism ?

 Infarction

 Propagation of thrombus

Heparin reduces the propagation of clot and risk of further embolization and thus is effective in reducing the mortality in pulmonary embolism due to formation of new thrombus

 All of the above

12.Fibrin clot is stabilized by which of the following ?

 Platelets plug

 Factor 13

Fibrin are long strands of insoluble protein bound to platelets and factor XIII completes the cross-linking of fibrin forming a mesh and platelet plug that leads to clot formation.

 Anti-thrombin

 Coagulation factor VIII