Thyriod gland medial relation?

 thyrocervical trunk

 external carotid

 internal jugular vein

 Superior thyroid artery

Lateral and Medial Surface of thyroid is marked by sharp anterior border. and is related by branch of superior thyroid artery.

Q: In Respiratory bronchiole cells which form component of surfactant..

 type 1 cell

 Clara cells

The epithelium of respiratory bronchioles is made up of ciliated columnar cells in larger bronchioles, or non-ciliated in smaller bronchioles (difficult to see at this magnification).

There are no goblet cells, but there are cells called Clara cells. These cells are secretory - they secrete one of the components of surfactant.

 pneumocytes

 goblet cells

23. a male presented with consation pallor lethargy and stool show eggs of?

 H. histolytica

 W. bancrofti

 Ascaris Lumbricoides

Infections have no symptoms in more than 85% of cases, especially if the number of worms is small. Symptoms increase with the number of worms present and may include shortness of breath and fever in the begining of the disease. These may be followed by symptoms of abdominal swelling, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The signs and symptoms of the

nematode infection by Ascaris lumbricoides may include the following: Abdominal discomfort. Abdominal cramping. Abdominal swelling (especially in children) Fever.

Coughing and/or wheezing. Nausea. Vomiting. Passing roundworms and their eggs in the stool.

 E. vermicularis 24. Anseudomonal penicillin

 ticarcillin

 amoxicillin

 penicillin G

 Piperacillin

Piperacillin-tazobactam is frequently used to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in critically ill patients

25. How bromocriptine act

 alpha 1 agonist

 Dopamine antagonist

 Dopamine agonist

Bromocriptine (originally marketed as Parlodel, subsequently under many names)[1] is an ergoline derivative, is a dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of pituitary tumors, Parkinson"s disease (PD), hyperprolactinaemia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and type 2 diabetes Mechanism of Action. Bromocriptine is unique in that it does not have a specific receptor that mediates its action on glucose and lipid metabolism. Rather, its effects are mediated via resetting of dopaminergic and sympathetic tone within the CNS. .

 serotonin agonist

26. Newborn healthy by birth on 6th week jaundice and yellow coloured wet diapers

 anular pancreas

 Biliary atresia

Symptoms of biliary atresia usually appear between two and six weeks after birth. The baby will appear jaundiced, with yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes. The liver may harden and the abdomen may become swollen. Stools appear pale grey and the urine may appear dark.

 down syndrome

 choledochal cyst

27. Acetazolamide mechanism of action

 H blocker

 Cl chanel blocker

 carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Acetazolamide is a reversible inhibitor of the carbonic anhydrase enzyme that results in reduction of hydrogen ion secretion at the renal tubule and an increased renal excretion of sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and water.

 MAO inhibitor

28. at rest 70-80% arterial oxygen consumption by which organ?

 brain

 Liver,brain,heart,skeletal muscle

On an average, our body consumes 250 ml of Oxygen each minute. The major single-organ oxygen consumers are the liver , brain, and heart (consuming 20.4%, 18.4%, and 11.6%, respectively), while the sum total of all the body"s skeletal muscles consume about 20%.so these four org use 70-80 "/. oxygen

 lungs only

 liver & brain

29. Sternocleidomastoid superficial relation ,

 external carotid

 External jugular vein

It commences in the substance of the parotid gland, on a level with the angle of the

mandible, and runs perpendicularly down the neck, in the direction of a line drawn from the angle of the mandible to the middle of the clavicle superficial to the

sternocleidomastoideus.In its course it crosses the sternocleidomastoideus obliquely, and in the subclavian triangle perforates the deep fascia, and ends in the subclavian vein lateral to or in front of the scalenus anterior, piercing the roof of the posterior triangle

 internal jugular vein

 internal carotid

30. greenish discharge in female,organism involved is

 Pseudomonas

 Nisseria gonorrhea

Symptoms of nisseria gonorhea infection discharge from the vagina (watery, creamy, or slightly green)pain or burning sensation while urinating.the need to urinate more frequently.heavier periods or spotting.sore throat.pain upon engaging in sexual intercourse.sharp pain in the lower abdomen.fever.

 actinomycetes

 N. meningitis

31. Ulnar nerve injury at elbow joint results in sensory loss of ?

 medial 3 finger

 medial 1 finger

 Ring and little finger

symptoms associated with ulnar nerve palsy include:a loss of sensation in your hand, especially in your ring and little fingers.a loss of coordination in your fingers.a tingling or burning sensation in your hand.pain.hand weakness that may get worse with physical activity.a loss of grip strength

 ring finger

32. Anterior relation of trachea in thoraic cavity?.

 descending aorta

 ascending aorta

 Arch of aorta

The trachea and esophagus are compressed from the right aortic arch, the left ligamentum, and the posterior crossing aorta causing the typical symptoms of noisy breathing, dyspnea on exertion, dysphagia, and frequent upper respiratory tract infections. Arch of aorta cross thoracic part of trachea.

 azygus vein

33. retinoblastoma, mutations in the which gene

 RB2 gene

 RB3 gene

 RB4 gene

 RB1 gene

In children with the heritable genetic form of retinoblastoma there is a mutation in the RB1gene on chromosome 13. RB was the first tumor suppressor gene cloned. Although RB interacts with over 100 cell proteins, its negative regulator effect on the cell cycle principally arises from binding and inactivation of the tr cription factor E2F, thus repressing the tr cription of genes which are required for t The defective RB gene can be inherited from either parent in some children, however, the mutation occurs in the early stages of fetal development. The expression of the RB1 allele is autosomal dominant with 90% penetrance.

35. food poisoning in female, organism involved, with neutropenia and step ladder pattern fever

 S. aureus

 N. meningitis

 Salmonella

Salmonella is the leading cause of hospitalization and of death due to foodborne illness.

Found in many foods, including unpasteurized milk or juice, cheese, eggs, poultry,

contaminated raw produce, and peanut butter. Symptoms include fever and abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.

 Actinomycetes

36. IgE is present on surface of which cell.

 lymphocytes

 Mast cells.

mast cells are coated with IgE, which is produced by plasma cells (the antibody-producing cells of the immune system). IgE molecules, like all antibodies, are specific to one particular antigen. In allergic reactions, mast cells remain inactive until an allergen binds to IgE already coated upon the cell.

 plasma cells

 monocytes

37. Elastic tissue main function

 support

 elasticity and resilience

The main components of elastic fibers, elastin and fibrillin-containing microfibrils play a structural and mechanical role in the arteries and their essential function is to provide elasticity and resilience to the tissues.

 stabilization

 nutrition

38. Cough reflex afferent nerve

 CN IX

 CN V

 CN X

The cough reflex has both sensory (afferent) mainly via the vagus nerve and motor

(efferent) components. Pulmonary irritant receptors (cough receptors) in the epithelium of the respiratory tract are sensitive to both mechanical and chemical stimuli.

 CN VII

39. Rib notching on X-ray

 pulmonary edema

 pulmonary hypertension

 pulmonary embolism

 Post ductal coarctation

Postductal coarctation: The narrowing is distal to the insertion of the ductus arteriosus.

Even with an open ductus arteriosus, blood flow to the lower body can be impaired. This type is most common in adults. It is associated with notching of the ribs (because of collateral circulation), hypertension in the upper extremities, and weak pulses in the lower extremities. Postductal coarctation is most likely the result of the extension of a muscular artery (ductus arteriosus) into an elastic artery (aorta) during fetal life, where the

contraction and fibrosis of the ductus arteriosus upon birth subsequently narrows the aortic lumen

40. HBsAg posisitive all other parameters negative stage of hepatitis

 Resolving acute infection

There are four possibilities 1.resolved infection 2.resolving acute infection.3.low level chronic infection.4.false positive anti hbc hence susceptible.

 acute infection

 carrier state

 chronic infection

41. Structure on medial surface of thyroid

 internal carotid

 internal jugular

 cervical LNs

 Superior thyroid artery

Lateral and Medial Surface of thyroid is marked by sharp anterior border. and is related by branch of superior thyroid artery.

42. Femoral canal is widend for which purpose

 prevent infection

 way for vessels

 sec. hernia

 prevent strangulation if hernia

Though femoral hernias are rare, their passage through the inflexible femoral ring puts them at particular risk of strangulation, giving them surgical priority. In human anatomy of the leg, the femoral sheath has three compartments. The lateral compartment contains the femoral artery, the intermediate compartment contains the femoral vein, and the medial and smallest compartment is called the femoral canal.

43. Which space come after interlaminar piercing in lumbar puncture

 subdural

 sub arachnoid

 vertebral body

Space which comes after piercing in lumbar puncture is epidural space.The epidural space is the area between the dura mater (a membrane) and the vertebral wall, containing fat and small blood vessels. The space is located just outside the dural sac which surrounds the nerve roots and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid. The Lumbar Puncture needle pierces in order: skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament, ligamentum flavum, epidural space containing the internal vertebral venous plexus, dura, arachnoid, and finally the subarachnoid space.

 epidural space

44. Mandibular canal contains.

 mental nerve

 mandibular nerve

 inferior alveolar nerve

In human anatomy, the mandibular canal is a canal within the mandible that contains the inferior alveolar nerve, inferior alveolar artery, and inferior alveolar vein. It runs obliquely downward and forward in the ramus, and then horizontally forward in the body, where it is placed under the alveoli and communicates with them by small opening.

 maxillary nerve

45. Factor 10 9 7 2 deficient due to

 CLD

 vitamin K deficiency

The liver produces almost all clotting factors. Because vitamin K is necessary for synthesis of factors 2, 7, 9, and 10.So when there is deficiency of vitamin k these factors ard not

synthesized in liver. These are the Vitamin K dependent factors.

 Hep. C

 vit B6 deficiency 46. Aortic valve ascultation at

 2nd ICS at Mid Clavicular Line

 3rd ICS at Mid Axillary Line

 left sternal angle at 2nd Interconstal space

 right sternal border second Intercostal space

Aortic valve ascultation.... Aortic Valve Area Second right intercostal space (ICS), right sternal borderPulmonic Valve AreaSecond left intercostal space (ICS), left sternal border 47. Child with petechiea and bleeding gums, what can be findings

 pancytopenia

 leukocytosis

 Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a condition in which you have a low blood platelet count. Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that help blood clot. Platelets stop bleeding by clumping and forming plugs in blood vessel injuries. Thrombocytopenia signs and symptoms may include:Easy or excessive bruising (purpura)Superficial bleeding into the skin that appears as a rash of pinpoint-sized reddish-purple spots (petechiae), usually on the lower legs.Prolonged bleeding from cuts.Bleeding from your gums or nose.Blood in urine or stools.

 anemia

48. lateral aspect of foot,diminshed ankle reflex which nerve roots are involved

 L5,S1

The two nerves most commonly pinched in the lower back are L5 (lumbar 5) and S1 (sacral 1). Pinched nerve at L5. The L5 nerve supplies the nerves to the muscles that raise the foot and big toe, and consequently, impingement of this nerve may lead to weakness in these muscles. The ankle jerk reflex is supplied by L5 and S1 nerve roots.

 L5

 L4

 S1

49. Anterior relation of thoracic part of trachea ?

 esophagus

 azygus vein

 hemi azygus vein

 Arch of aorta

is the part of the aorta between the ascending and descending aorta. The arch travels backward, so that it ultimately runs to the left of the trachea.

50. Azygous vein is actually

 collateral between SVC and IVC

It is responsible for draining the thoracic wall and upper lumbar region via the lumbar veins and posterior intercostal veins . It also provides important collateral circulation between the superior and inferior venae cavae should they become obstructed . The hemiazygos vein (vena azygos minor inferior) is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column.It is,engorged due to blockage of azygous vein.

 drain into IVC

 drain into SVC

 drains lungs

51. Female with fever with rigors and chills developed confusion, Dx..?

 epileptic fits

 Cerebral malaria

The prognosis is grave in deeply comatose patients with severe metabolic acidosis, shock, hypoglycemia and repeated seizures. In adults, cerebral malaria is part of a multi-organ disease. Patients develop fever, headache, body ache and progressively, delirium and coma.

 encephalitis

 meningitis

52. Boy with history of fever for 4 days he also has cola colored urine

 Acute GN

Patient is suffering from IgA nephropathy so acute glomerulonephritis is best wer here.

 Hepatitis B

 Hep A

 nephrotic syndrome

53. Breast lesion which is characteristically bilateral can be

 phyllodes

 Invasive ductal cancer

 Fibroadenoma

Fibroadenomas, are benign breast tumours characterized by an admixture of .

"Bilateralpresentation of fibroadenoma with digital fibroma-like inclusions in the male breast . Fibroadenomas are common benign (non-cancerous) breast tumors made up of both glandular tissue and stromal (connective) tissue.Fibroadenomas are most common in women in their 20s and 30s, but they can be found in women of any age.

 paget disease

54. Which is best to check prognosis?

 metastasis

Metastasis upgrade the stage to 4 and is associted with worst prognosis.

 grading

 LNs involvement

 invasion

55. A patient diagnosed case of thyroid on medications how will you clinically moniter the response

 T3

 TSH

Thyroid hormone is administered to supplement or replace endogenous production. In general, hypothyroidism can be adequately treated with a constant daily dose of

levothyroxine (LT4). ... After dosage stabilization, patients can be monitored with annual or semiannual clinical evaluations and TSH monitoring.

 T4

 T3 & T4

56. primary innate immunity against tumour cells?

 Nk cells

Natural killer cells (also known as NK cells, K cells, and killer cells) are a type of lymphocyte (a white blood cell) and a component of innate immune system. NK cells play a major role in the host-rejection of both tumours and virally infected cells

 lymphocytes

 monocytes

 Basophils

07 Mar 2018 Evening (A)

Q: A footballer got hit at lateral side of his knee joint. Now he is having difficulty in moving the joint. What ligament will most be affected in this type of injury?

 Lateral collateral ligament

 Fibular ligament

 Menisci of knee

 Tibial ligament

Blow at the lateral side of knee result in tearing of tibial ligament which is also called medial collateral ligament. It results in the abnormal passive abduction and medial space widening of the tibia

Q: A 30 years old man was presented with high-grade fever Cough. His blood culture revealed organisms with blue-green colonies. Diagnosis of infection with Pseudomonas was made. The agent responsible would Be?

 IgA protease

 Interferon-gamma

 IL 10

 TNF