Female urethra is more prone to infection
Males have less chances of UTI as compared to Females because the size of their urethra is small and easily colonized by vaginnal flora causing UTI.
There are more normal flora than males
They have low immunity
The infection spreads rapidly in them
Q: A 30 years old female is having to swell in front of the neck. She feels difficulty in breathing while in the supine position. What can be the type of swelling in this patient?
Multinodular goiter
Follicular CA of thyroid
Papillary CA of thyroid
Retrosternal goiter
Retrosternal goiter extends to trachea and causes difficulty in breathing and neck vein engorgement
Q: An 8 years old girl was presented with H/o blood tr fusions and her X-Ray shows saw the cut skull. She is pale and her brother died at age of 12. What is the investigation of choice to confirm the diagnosis?
CBC
Bone marrow biopsy
X-Ray skull
Hb electrophoresis
thalassemia which is best diagnosed by HB electrophoresis which shows defective beta globin chains.History of blood tr fusions and saw cut appearance of skull on x-ray shows that the patient is suffering from thalasemia
Q: Damage to both Wernick and Brocas areas lead to:
Expressive aphasia
Receptive aphasia
Mixed aphasia
Global aphasia
Wernicke and Broca's area is involved in speech and understanding speech. Damage to these in frontal and parietal lobe leads to Global aphasia.damage only to brocas areas leads to expressive aphasia
Q: Which structure crosses ureter anteriorly?
Common iliac artery
Aorta
Uterine artery
Uterine artery lies anterior to ureter and is at increased risk of damaging ureter during gynecological procedures.
Internal iliac artery
Q: A patient had RTA he was given blood tr fusions. After three weeks he was presented again with fever SOB and edema. The mechanism involved will be?
Type 1 reaction
Type 2 reaction
The patient is having late hypersensitivity reaction. It is due to antibody formation against WBC. Epinephrine should be given to control the situation.
Type 3
Tetanus
Q: A Patient presented with intense thirst and polyuria. His Serum level of ADH was low.What will be the finding in clinical picture considering it a case of diabetes insipidus?
Increased urine osmolality
Plasma Na less than 145
Decreased blood osmolarity
Decreased urine osmolarity
Patients with diabetes inspidus presents with dehydration and excessive urination
Decreased ADH level results in free water loss in urine causing decreased urine osmolarity.
Q: The maximum absorption of glucose happens at which site along renal system?
DCT
CT
PCT
In Proximal convoluting tubule 80% of filtered substances are reabsorbed. Reabsorbed materials include sodium, potassium, amino acids, and glucose.
PCT+DCT
Q: A Patient was presented with pneumonia and oral ulcers. He was diagnosed to have been suffering from an infection of Histoplasma. Which organ System is affected the most in this condition?
Vascular system
Peripheral nerves
Reticuloendothelial system
Histoplasma capsulatum most likely involve reticuloendothelial system. It spreads through spores in the air. Immunocompromised patients are more prone to infection.
Blood-brain barrier
Q: A patient is having tremors while doing the voluntary movement of hands and falls toward the Rt side. Where is the lesion?
Left cerebellar lesion
Vagus nerve injury
Internal capsule is damaged
Right cerebellar lesion
Patients with cerebellar lesion fall towards the side of the lesion. Other symptoms of the cerebellar lesion are dysdiadokokinesia, abnormal finger-nose test. Voluntary tremors are characteristic for the cerebellar lesion
Q: At ovulation which cell is released from ovary?
Primary Oocyte
Secondary oocyte
At the time of ovulation, the oocytes arrested at metaphase I complete their division and converted to secondary oocyte which is metaphase II, at the time of fertilization the division is completed and gamete is formed with 23X chromosomes.
Tertiary oocyte
Oogonia
Q: Which of the following is not an x linked recessive disease?
Fabry disease
LychNyhan syndrome
Becker muscular dystrophy
Alport syndrome
Alport syndrome is a defect in type 4. Patient presents with kidney failure, due to the excessive loss of protein in urine. It collagen is an X-linked dominant disorder
Q: Relation of left renal vein to aorta:
Lateral
Medial
Anterior
left renal vein lies Anterior to Abdominal aorta
Posterior
Q: Water is tr ported to interstitium through the capillary wall by which mechanism?
Sec active tr port
Primary active tr port
Diffusion
Filtration
Capillary walls have cells with minute spaces between them water from the blood usually seeps out of these spaces and becomes a part of interstitium this water returns to the blood through lymphatic system