TEST BANK microbiology a systems approach cowan 3e chapter002

Always equal to the number of neutrons in 3.. Always equal to the number of protons B.. All of the following pertain to the atom carbon-14 except... What is the maximum number of electro

Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Anything that occupies space and has mass is called

2 The electrons of an atom are

A Always equal to the number of neutrons in

3 The electrons of an atom are

A Always equal to the number of

protons

B Used to determine the atomic

weight

C Carrying a positive

4 All of the following pertain to the atom carbon-14 except

7 What is the maximum number of electrons in the second energy shell of an atom?

11 Two or more atoms bonded together are called a/an

17 A reaction where an electron is lost is called

23 Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction?

26 Ionic compounds are

29 A solution of pH 7 compared to a solution of pH 9

Amino-32 Organicchemical

s alwa

ys have

a basicframewor

k

of th

e elemen

t _ bonded

to othe

r atoms

C

D

E

33 Most biochemicalmacromolecul

es ar

e polymer

s, whichar

e

B

C

E

34 Allof th

e followingar

e monosaccharide

s exce

35 Whic

h

of th

e followingwoul

d haveglycosidicbonds?

A

B

C

D

36 Allof th

e followingar

e polysaccharide

s exce

pt

A

B

C

D

E

37 CH612

+

H2

O represen

ts

A

B

D

E

38 Starch

is th

e primar

y storag

e foodforall

of th

e followingexce

pt

A

B

E

39 Allof th

e followingar

e lipi

ds exce

40 Wha

t pa

rt

of

a phospholipi

d formshydrophobictails?

A

B

E

41 A fat

is calle

d _

if all carbon

s

of th

e fat

ty aci

d chai

n ar

e singl

e bonded

to

2 othe

r carbon

s an

d

2

42 The lipi

d grou

p th

at serv

es

as energystorag

e molecul

es ar

e

A

B

C

E

43 The lipi

d grou

p th

at

is th

e maj

or compone

nt

of cel

l membran

es ar

e th

e

A

D

E

44 The buildingbloc

ks

of anenzym

e ar

e

A

B

D

E

45 Anaminoaci

d contai

ns all

of th

e followingexce

pt

A

B

D

E

46 Whic

h

is no

t tru

e abou

t enzymes

?

A

B

D

E

47 Whic

h aminoaci

d contai

ns sulfuratomsth

at for

m covalen

t disulfid

e bond

s

in itstertia

ry structure?

C

D

E

48 Wha

t type

of bond

s ar

e formedbydehydrationsynthesisbetwee

n adjacen

t aminoacids

?

A

D

E

49 The

a –helix

is

a type

of _ protei

n structur

50 One nucleotidecontai

ns

A

B

C

E

51 Whic

h pertains

to DNAbu

t no

t

to RNA?

A

B

C

E

52 ATP

is be

st described

as

A

B

C

E

53 A studen

t forgo

t

to labe

l abeak

er containing

a DNAsolutionan

d

a beak

er containing

a glucos

e solution

s performed

to identif

y th

e conten

ts

of eachbeaker,which

of th

e followingwoul

d befoun

d

in th

e be

t no

t

in th

e beak

er wit

h glucose?

A

B

C

E

54 Purin

es an

d pyrimidine

s ar

e component

s

in th

e buildingbloc

k units

of all

C

D

E

55 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t apyrimidine

56 Durin

g protei

n synthesis, RN

A

is mad

e

to be

a copy

of

a genefro

m th

e DNA

A

D

57 Characteristi

cs

of sharedbyall cel

ls include:

A

B

C

58 Anexampl

e

of anamphipathicmolecul

e foun

d

in livingcel

ls is:

A

B

C

59 The purine _ alwa

ys bind

s wit

h th

e pyrimidine

in DNAan

d RN

A

A

C

D

60 You ar

e aske

d

to mak

e

a 1Msolution

of Sodiu

m Bicarbonat

e

or Bakin

g Soda(NaHCO

3 ) for

a DNAextraction

y gram(s)

of sodiu

m bicarbona

te (NaHCO

3 ) shou

ld beadde

d

to 1L

of water

to mak

e th

e require

d solution

?

61 Elemen

ts havepredictab

le chemicalproperties

Tr

ue Fals

62 Electro

ns th

at participat

e

in chemicalbondin

g ar

e typicall

y locatedclose

st

to th

e nucle

us

63 Wat

er molecul

es ar

e non-polarmolecul

es

Tr

ue False

64 Polar molecul

es havemor

e reactivitycompare

d

to non-polarmolecul

es

65 A covalen

t bond

is formedbetwee

n ananio

n an

d

a catio

n

66 Only charge

d atomsca

n for

m ionicbond

s

Tr

ue False

67 The concentratio

n

of

a solutionexpresse

s th

e amou

nt

of solve

nt presen

t

68 If solution

A ha

s alowe

r pHcompare

d

to solution

B, thensolution

A

is mor

e acidicthansolution

B

69 The on

ly pa

rt

of anaminoaci

d th

at diffe

rs fro

m othe

r aminoaci

ds

is its

R grou

p

70 Allprotei

ns ar

e enzym

es

Tr

ue False

71 The mos

t importa

nt outcom

e

of polypeptideintra-chai

n bondin

g an

d folding

is th

e uniqueshap

e

of th

ue False72 Nucle

ic aci

ds haveprimar

y, secondar

y, tertia

ry an

d quaterna

ry levels

of organization

Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Anythingth

at occupi

es spac

e an

d ha

s mas

s

is calle

Lea rnin g

tion ship bet wee n ato ms and ele me nts.

2 Th

e electro

ns

of anato

m ar

e

A

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 1 Expl ain the

ele me nts.

3 Th

e electro

ns

of anato

m ar

e

A

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 1 Expl ain the

ele me nts

4 All

of th

e followingperta

in

to th

e ato

m carbon-14exce

pt

A

B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 1 Expl ain the rela tion ship bet

5 Th

e subatomi

c particle

s th

at surroun

d th

e nucle

us ar

e th

e

A

B

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 1 Expl ain the rela tion ship bet wee n ato ms and ele me

6 Isotope

s ar

e atoms

of th

e sam

e elemen

t th

at diffe

r

in their

A

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 1 Expl ain the rela tion ship bet

7 Wha

t

is th

e maximu

m numbe

r

of electro

ns

in th

e secondenergyshell

of anatom

?

A.B

C

D.E

ain the rela tion ship bet wee n ato ms and ele me nts

8 Wha

t

is th

e maximu

m numbe

r

of electro

ns

in th

e fir

st energyshell

of anatom

?

A

B.C.D.E

Lea

the rela tion ship bet wee n ato ms and ele me nts

9 Proton

s an

d neutron

s mak

e upth

e atom'

s centr

al co

re referred

to

as its

A

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 1 Expl ain the rela tion ship bet

10 The valen

ce numbe

r

is th

e

A

B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 1 Expl ain the rela tion ship bet

11 Two

or mor

e atomsbondedtogeth

er ar

e calle

d a/

an

A.B.C

D

E

2 List and def ne 4 typ es of che mic al bon ds.

12 Wha

t woul

d beth

e valen

ce numbe

r

of electro

ns

in th

e sulfur(S)atom

?

A

B

Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne 4 typ es of che mic al bon ds.

13 Polar molecul

es ar

e compose

d

of covalentlybond

ed

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne 4

14 Polar molecul

es

A

B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: non e

15 Covalen

t bond

s

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne 4 typ es of che mic al

16 Catio

ns ar

e a(n)

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne 4

17 A reactio

n wher

e anelectro

n

is los

t

is calle

18 Anato

m ha

s gainedanelectro

n

It ha

s be

en

A

B

C.D

E

Lea

def ne 4 typ es of che mic al bon ds.

19 Ionicbond

s

A

B

E

Lea

20 Hydrogenbond

s

A

B.

C.

D.

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne 4

21 Atomsth

at ga

in

or los

e electro

ns becom

e charge

d particle

s calle

d

A

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne 4 typ es of che mic al

22 Substanc

es th

at relea

se io

ns whendissolve

d

in wateran

d conduc

t electricit

y ar

e

A

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 3 Dif ere ntia te bet wee

n a solu te and a solv ent.

23 Whic

h

of th

e followingrepresen

ts

a synthesisreaction?

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: non e

24 Whic

h

of th

e followingrepresen

ts

a reversibl

e reaction?

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: non e

25 The importa

nt solve

nt associate

d wit

h livingthing

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 3 Dif ere ntia te bet wee

n a solu te and a solv ent.

26 Ioniccompoun

ds ar

Obj ecti ve: non e

27 A solution

is compose

d

of on

e

or mor

e substanc

es calle

d _ th

at ar

e uniform

ly dispersed

in

a dissolving

d

a _

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 3 Dif ere ntia te bet

28 Whic

h ter

m do

es no

t belong

in thi

s list

niti on of pH.

29 A solution

of pH

7 compare

d

to

a solution

of pH

9

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 4 Giv

e a brie f def niti on of pH.

30 A solution

of pH

7 compare

d

to

a solution

of pH

9

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 4 Giv

31 Whic

h

of th

e followingfunctiona

l grou

ps

is mismatched

to th

e organiccom

C

D

E

32 Organicchemical

s alwa

ys have

a basicframewor

k

of th

e elemen

t _ bonded

to othe

r atoms

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: non e

33 Most biochemicalmacromolecul

es ar

e polymer

s, whichar

e

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: non e

34 Allof th

e followingar

e monosaccharide

s exce

Lea

the 4 mai n fam ilies of bioc he mic als.

35 Whic

h

of th

e followingwoul

d haveglycosidicbonds?

A

B

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies of bioc he mic als.

36 Allof th

e followingar

e polysaccharide

s exce

pt

A

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies of bioc he mic als Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 6 Pro vide exa mpl es of cell com pon ent s ma de fro m eac

h of

37 CH612

+

H2

O represen

ts

A

B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve:

38 Starch

is th

e primar

y storag

e foodforall

of th

e followingexce

pt

A

B

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies

39 Allof th

e followingar

e lipi

ds exce

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na

he mic als.

40 Wha

t pa

rt

of

a phospholipi

d formshydrophobictails?

A

B

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies of bioc he

41 A fat

is calle

d _

if all carbon

s

of th

e fat

ty aci

d chai

n ar

e singl

e bonded

to

2 othe

r carbon

s an

d

2

42 The lipi

d grou

p th

at serv

es

as energystorag

e molecul

es ar

e

A

B.C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies of bioc he mic als.

43 The lipi

d grou

p th

at

is th

e maj

or compone

nt

of cel

l membran

es ar

e th

e

A

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 6 Pro vide exa mpl es of cell com pon ent s ma de fro m eac hof

44 The buildingbloc

ks

of anenzym

e ar

e

A

B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai

45 Anaminoaci

d contai

ns all

of th

e followingexce

pt

A

B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies of bioc he

46 Whic

h

is no

t tru

e abou

t enzymes

?

A

B

E

47 Whic

h aminoaci

d contai

ns sulfuratomsth

at for

m covalen

t disulfid

e bond

s

in itstertia

ry structure?

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 7 Expl ain pri mar y Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: sec ond ary Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: terti ary and qua tern ary

48 Wha

t type

of bond

s ar

e formedbydehydrationsynthesisbetwee

n adjacen

t aminoacids

?

A

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies of bioc he mic als.

49 The

a –helix

is

a type

of _ protei

n structur

e

A

B

C.D

E

7 Expl ain pri mar y Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: sec ond ary Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: terti ary and qua tern ary stru ctur

e as see

n in prot eins

50 One nucleotidecontai

ns

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 8 List the 3 com pon ent

s of nucl eic acid

51 Whic

h pertains

to DNAbu

t no

t

to RNA?

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 9 Na me the nucl eoti des of DN A and of RNA

52 ATP

is be

st described

as

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.1 0 List the 3 com pon ent

s of ATP

53 A studen

t forgo

t

to labe

l abeak

er containing

a DNAsolutionan

d

a beak

er containing

a glucos

e solution

s performed

to identif

y th

e conten

ts

of eachbeaker,which

of th

e followingwoul

d befoun

d

in th

e be

t no

t

in th

e beak

er wit

h glucose?

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 9 Na me the nucl eoti des of DN A and of RNA

54 Purin

es an

d pyrimidine

s ar

e component

s

in th

e buildingbloc

k units

of all

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: non e

55 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t apyrimidine

rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 9 Na me the nucl eoti des of DN A and of RNA

56 Durin

g protei

n synthesis, RN

A

is mad

e

to be

a copy

of

a genefro

m th

e DNA

A

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 9 Na me the nucl eoti des of DN A and of

57 Characteristi

cs

of sharedbyall cel

ls include:

A

C

D

58 Anexampl

e

of anamphipathicmolecul

e foun

d

in livingcel

ls is:

A

B

C

D

g Obj ecti ve: 2.1 1 Poin t out 3 cha ract eris tics all cell s sha re.

59 The purine _ alwa

ys bind

s wit

h th

e pyrimidine

in DNAan

d RN

A

A

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 5 Na me the 4 mai n fam ilies of bio- che mic als Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 6 Pro vide exa mpl es of cell com pon ent s ma

che mic als.

bio-60 You ar

e aske

d

to mak

e

a 1Msolution

of Sodiu

m Bicarbonat

e

or Bakin

g Soda(NaHCO

3 ) for

a DNAextraction

y gram(s)

of sodiu

m bicarbona

te (NaHCO

3 ) shou

ld beadde

d

to 1L

of water

to mak

e th

e require

d solution

?

e

of atomi

c masse

s

to he

lp yo

u

A.B

C

D.E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 3 Dif ere ntia

the rela tion ship bet wee n ato ms and ele me nts.

62 Electro

ns th

at participat

e

in chemicalbondin

g ar

e typicall

y locatedclose

st

to th

e nucle

us

FA LS E

Lea rnin

ne 4 typ es of che mic al bon ds.

63 Wat

er molecul

es ar

e non-polarmolecul

es

FA LS E

64 Polar molecul

es havemor

e reactivitycompare

d

to non-polarmolecul

es

TR UE

65 A covalen

t bond

is formedbetwee

n ananio

n an

d

a catio

n

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne 4

66 Only charge

d atomsca

n for

m ionicbond

s

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve:

67 The concentratio

n

of

a solutionexpresse

s th

e amou

nt

of solve

nt presen

t

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 2 List and def ne

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 3 Dif ere ntia te bet wee

n a solu te and a solv ent.

68 If solution

A ha

s alowe

r pHcompare

d

to solution

B, thensolution

A

is mor

e acidicthansolution

B

TR UE

Lea rnin g

def niti on of pH.

69 The on

ly pa

rt

of anaminoaci

d th

at diffe

rs fro

m othe

r aminoaci

ds

is its

R grou

p

TR UE

70 Allprotei

ns ar

e enzym

es

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 7 Expl ain pri mar y Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: sec ond ary Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: terti ary and qua tern ary

71 The mos

t importa

nt outcom

e

of polypeptideintra-chai

n bondin

g an

d folding

is th

e uniqueshap

e

of th

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 7 Expl ain pri mar y Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: sec ond ary Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: terti ary and qua tern ary

72 Nucle

ic aci

ds haveprimar

y, secondar

y, tertia

ry an

d quaterna

ry levels

of organization

FA LS E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 2.0 7

ecti ve: 2.0 9 Na me the nucl eoti des of DN A and of RNA Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: sec ond ary Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: terti ary and qua tern ary stru

Chapter 002 The Chemistry of Biology Summary

Ca te go ry

# of Qu est ion s

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

1 Ex pl ai

n t

he rel ati on shi

p be tw ee

n at o m

s an

d el e m en ts 8

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

1 Ex 3

p be tw ee

n at o m

s an

d el e m en ts Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

2 Lis

t a

nd de fin

e

4 t yp

es

of ch e mi ca

l b on ds 11

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

3 Di ffe re 5

sol ut

e an

d

a sol ve nt Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

3 Gi

ve

a bri

ef de fin iti

on

of pH 1

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

4 Gi

ve

a bri

ef de fin iti

on

of pH 3

Le ar ni

ng 1

e t

he

4 m ai

n f a mi lie

s

of bi o- ch e mi ca ls Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

5 Na m

e t

he

4 m ai

n f a mi lie

s

of bi oc he mi ca ls 11

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0 1

es

of ce

ll c o m po ne nt

s m ad

e f ro

m ea

ch

of th

e f a mi lie

s

of bi o- ch e mi ca ls Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

6 Pr ov id

e ex a m pl

es

of ce

ll c o m po 1

ch

of th

e f a mi lie

s

of bi oc he mi ca ls Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

6 Pr ov id

e ex a m pl

es

of ce

ll c o m po ne nt

s m ad

e f ro

m ea ch

of th

e f a mi lie

s 1

ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

7 Ex pl ai

n pri m ar y Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

8 Lis

t t

he

3 co m po ne nt

s

of nu cl ei

c ac id s 1

Le ar ni

ng Ob je cti ve : 2 0

9 Na 5