TEST BANK microbiology a systems approach cowan 3e chapter007

Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of a 37° C incubator and on the shelf of a 50° C incubator.. After inc

Chapter 007 Elements of Microbial Nutrition Ecology and Growth

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Microorganisms require large quantities of this nutrient for use in cell structure and metabolism

4 Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from

7 An important mineral ion of the cytochrome pigments of cellular respiration is

9 The term autotroph refers to an organism that:

A Uses CO2 for its carbon

10 The term heterotroph refers to an organism that

A Uses CO2 for its carbon

11 Calcium is required for bacteria because

A It stabilizes the cell

13 An organism that uses CO2 for its carbon needs would be called a/an

14 The term phototroph refers to an organism that

A Uses CO2 for its carbon

15 The term chemotroph refers to an organism that

A Uses CO2 for its carbon

16 The methanogens, producers of methane gas, require environments that

19 Archea as a group are not pathogens This is because

A They evolved without

22 Organisms called _ live on or in the body of a host and cause some degree of harm

23 The term obligate refers to

A The ability to exist in a wide range of

24 The term facultative refers to

A The ability to exist in a wide range of

25 The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration is called

28 The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semi permeable membrane that must have a specific protein carrier but no energy expenditure is called

31 Which of the following microorganisms would find hypotonic conditions most detrimental?

33 Contractile vacuoles are

A Used to expel excess water from

34 Nutrient absorption is mediated by the

35 Halo bacteria regulate osmotic pressure by

A Releasing salt to the

37 When whole cells or large molecules in solution are engulfed by a cell, this

endocytosis is specifically termed

38 Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes

a _ _ that will bind to the substance effecting a conformational change that allows movement across the membrane

40 Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated on the shelf of a refrigerator, out on a lab bench top, on the shelf of a 37° C incubator and on the shelf of a 50° C incubator After incubation, there was no growth at 37° C and 50° C, slight growth out on the bench top and abundant growth at refrigeration What term could be used for this species?

41 Cultures of a bacterial species were incubated out on the incubator shelf, in an

anaerobic jar and in a candle jar After incubation there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture on the incubator shelf This species is a/an

43 An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of32° C is called a/an

46 All of the following could find a location in or on body tissues suitable for growth except

49 The toxic super oxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two enzymes,

A Catalase and hydrogen

52 An organism that cannot tolerate an oxygen environment is a/an

55 A halophile would grow best in

58 The production of antibodies is a form of antagonism called

61 A change in one partner in a close relationship that leads to a change in the other partner is

64 The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting

to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing is the

67 When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size and

differentiate between dead and live cells a _ is used

True / False Questions

68 Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by

74 A saprob

e wit

h

a cel

l wa

ll wil

l utiliz

e extracellul

ar digestion

Tr

ue False

75 Saprob

es dono

t need

a carbonsour

ce forgrow

th an

d metabolism

Tr

ue False

76 Lithoautotroph

s us

e inorganicnutrien

ts forcarbonan

d energysource

s

Tr

ue False

77 Facilitateddiffusio

n an

d activ

e transpo

rt require

a carri

er protei

n

to mediat

e th

e movemen

t acro

ss th

e plasm

a m

e

Tr

ue False

78 In a commensalrelationshi

p, th

e commensalbenefit

s bu

t th

e cohabitan

t

is neith

er harmedno

r benefited

Tr

ue Fals

e79 Anaerobe

s ca

n becultured

in

a CO

2

environmen

t

Tr

ue False

80 The majori

ty

of microb

es liv

e an

d grow

in habitat

s betwee

n pH

7 an

d

9

Tr

ue False

81 Bacteri

a haveanaverag

e generatio

n tim

e

of 24hour

s

Tr

ue False

82 The tim

e th

at

it take

s for

a freshl

y inoculatedag

ar cultur

e

to developvisibl

e colonies

is principally governedbyth

at speci

es

n tim

e

Tr

ue False

83 Transvers

e bina

ry fissio

n resul

ts

in

4 daught

er cel

ls fro

m

1 pare

nt cel

l

Tr

ue False

84 After bina

ry fissio

n, daught

er cel

ls wil

l diffe

r geneticall

y

Tr

ue False

85 A close

d cultur

e syste

m

is used

to determine

a populatio

n grow

th curv

e

Tr

ue False

86 The degree

of turbidit

y

in

a cultur

e correlat

es

to th

e amou

nt

of cel

l grow

th

Tr

ue False

87 The direc

t cel

l coun

t, using

a cytometer,ca

n calculat

e viabl

e cel

l numbe

rs fro

m

a sampl

e

Tr

ue False

88 A Coult

er counterca

n coun

t viabl

e cel

ls

as we

ll

as determineth

e siz

e

Tr

ue False

89 Bacteri

al biofilm

s stimulat

e th

e immun

e syste

m differentl

y thanplankton

ic bacteri

a

Tr

ue False

90 Planktonicbacteri

a ar

e mor

e susceptib

le

to antibiotics

as compare

d

to biofilmmicroorganisms

Tr

ue False

Chapter 007 Elements of Microbial Nutrition Ecology and Growth Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Microorganismsrequirelargequantiti

es

of thi

s nutrien

t forus

e

in cel

l structur

e an

d metaboli

sm

A

B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 02 Dif ere ntia te bet wee n mac ron utri ent s and mic ron utri ent s.

2 Microorganismsrequiresmall quantiti

es

of thi

s nutrien

t forenzym

e functio

n an

d maintenan

ce

of protei

n structur

e

B

C.D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 02 Dif ere ntia te bet wee n mac ron utri ent s and mic ron utri ent s.

3 Wha

t compoun

d ha

s th

e highes

t concentratio

n

in

a cell?

A.B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 05 Disc uss dif usio n and osm

osis

4 Mo

st

of th

e dr

y weig

ht

of

a microbial cel

l isfro

Obj ecti ve: 07 02 Dif ere ntia te bet wee n mac ron utri ent s and mic ron utri ent s.

5 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t amaj

or elemen

t

of

a microbial cell?

A

B.C

D

E

Lea rnin g

Obj ecti ve: 07 01 List the ess enti al nutr ient

s of a bac teri al cell.

6 Anorganicnutrien

t th

at cann

ot besynthesizedbyth

e organis

m an

d mus

t beprovide

d

is calle

d a/

an

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 01 List the ess enti al nutr ient

s of a bac teri al cell.

7 Animporta

nt mineralio

n

of th

e cytochrom

e pigmen

ts

of cellul

ar respiratio

n

is

A

B.C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 02 Dif ere ntia te bet wee n mac ron utri ent s and mic ron utri ent s.

8 Animporta

nt mineralio

n th

at

is

a compone

nt

of chloroplas

ts an

d stabiliz

er

of membran

es an

d ribosom

es

is

A.B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 02 Dif ere ntia te bet wee n mac ron utri ent s and mic ron utri ent s.

9 Th

e ter

m autotrophrefer

s

to anorganis

m that:

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti

ve: 07 09 Expl ain how dif ere nt org anis ms deal with oxy gen

10 The ter

m heterotrop

h refer

s

to anorganis

m th

at

A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti

ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy.

11 Calciu

m

is require

d forbacteri

a becaus

e

A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 01 List the ess enti al nutr ient

s of a bac teri al cell.

12 Grow

th factor

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 01 List the ess enti al nutr ient

s of a bac teri al cell.

13 Anorganis

m th

at us

es CO

2

foritscarbonneed

s woul

d becalle

d a/

an

A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru ct four dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy.

14 The ter

m phototrop

h refer

s

to anorganis

m th

at

A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti

ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy.

15 The ter

m chemotrop

h refer

s

to anorganis

m th

at

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g

Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy.

16 The methanogens,producer

s

of methanega

s, requireenvironmen

ts th

at

A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces

of car bon and ene rgy.

17 Organismsth

at feedondeadorganismsfornutrien

ts ar

e calle

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy.

18 The type

of photosynthesi

s th

at do

es no

t produc

e oxyg

en

A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru ct

four dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy.

19 Archea

as

a grou

p ar

e no

t pathogen

s Th

is

is becaus

e

A

B

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy.

20 Aerobicrespiratio

n

is anexampl

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 09 Expl ain how dif ere nt org anis ms deal with oxy gen

21 Microorganismsth

at liv

e

in seve

re habitat

s, such

as ve

ry ho

t, acidic

or sal

ty environments,ar

e calle

d

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 10 Na me 3 oth er phy sica l fact ors that mic rob es mus t con ten d with Lea rnin g obje ctiv e: 07 08 Na me 5 typ es of bac

teri a bas ed on thei r tem per atur e pref ere nce s.

22 Organismscalle

d _ liv

e on

or

in th

e body

of

a ho

st an

d caus

e som

e degree

of harm

A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 11 List and des crib e the 5 typ es of ass ocia tion s mic rob es can hav e with thei r hos ts.

23 The ter

m obligat

e refer

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that

des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 09 Expl ain how dif ere nt org anis ms deal with oxy gen

24 The ter

m facultativerefer

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 03 Con stru

ct 4 dif ere nt ter ms that

des crib e an org anis m's sou rces of car bon and ene rgy Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 09 Expl ain how dif ere nt org anis ms deal with oxy gen

25 The movemen

t

of molecul

es fro

m anarea

of highconcentratio

n

to anarea

of lowe

r concentratio

n

is calle

d

A

26 Diffusio

n

of waterthrough

a semipermeabl

e membran

e

is calle

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

27 The movemen

t

of substanc

es fro

m lowe

r

to high

er concentratio

n acro

ss

a semipermeabl

e membran

e th

at mus

t

a specific protei

n carri

er an

d cel

l expenditu

re

of energy

is calle

d

A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

28 The movemen

t

of substanc

es fro

m high

er

to lowe

r concentratio

n acro

ss

a semipermeabl

e membran

e th

at mus

t

a specific protei

n carri

er bu

t noenergyexpenditu

re

is calle

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

29 The us

e

of energyby

a cel

l

to enclo

se

a substanc

e

in itsmembran

e byforming

a vacuol

e an

d engulfing

it

is calle

d

30 Bacteri

a living

in

a freshwaterstrea

m th

at ar

e moved

to sal

ty seawat

er woul

d

A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 06 Ide ntif y the efe cts on a cell of isot onic Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: hyp oto nic and hyp erto nic con diti ons.

31 Whic

h

of th

e followingmicroorganismswoul

d fin

d hypotoniccondition

s mos

t detrimental

?

A

B

C

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 06 Ide ntif y the efe cts on a cell of isot onic Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and hyp erto nic con diti ons Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: hyp oto nic

32 Whic

h

of th

e followingrequireth

e cel

l

to us

e ATP?

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

33 Contractil

e vacuol

es ar

e

A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 05 Disc uss dif usio n and osm

osis Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 06 Ide ntif y the efe cts on a cell of isot onic Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: hyp oto nic and hyp erto nic con diti ons.

34 Nutrien

t absorptio

n

is mediatedbyth

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

35 Halo bacteri

a regulat

e osmoti

c pressu

re

by

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

36 Facilitateddiffusio

n

is limite

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

37 Whe

n whol

e cel

ls

or largemolecul

es

in solutionar

e engulfe

d by

a cel

l, thi

s endocytosis

is specificall

y term

ed

A

of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

38 Mediatedtranspo

rt

of polarmolecul

es an

d io

ns acro

ss th

e plasm

a membran

e utiliz

es

a _ _ th

at wil

l bind

to th

e substanc

e effectin

g

a conformation

al changeth

at allow

s movemen

t acro

ss th

e membran

e

A

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 07 Na me 2 typ es of pas sive tran spo rt and 3 typ es of acti ve tran spo rt.

39 In _ condition

s, th

e cel

l wa

ll wil

l he

lp preven

t th

e cel

l fro

m burstin

g

A

B

C.D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 06 Ide ntif y the efe cts on a cell of isot onic Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and hyp erto nic con diti ons Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: hyp oto nic

40 Culture

s

of

a bacteri

al speci

es we

re incubatedonth

e shelf

of

a refrigerator,ou

t on

a la

b benc

h to

p, onth

e shelf

of

a 37

°

C incubat

or an

d onth

e shelf

of

a 50

°

C incubator.Aft

er incubation, ther

e wa

s nogrow

th

at 37

°

C an

d 50

°

C, sligh

t grow

th ou

t onth

e benc

h to

p an

d abunda

nt grow

th

at refrigeration Wha

t ter

m coul

d beusedforthi

s species

?

A

41 Culture

s

of

a bacteri

al speci

es we

re incubatedou

t onth

e incubat

or shelf,

in ananaerobicjaran

d

in

a cand

le jar Aft

er incub

e wa

s moderat

e grow

th

of cultur

es

in th

e cand

le an

d anaerobicjar

s, bu

t heav

y grow

th

of th

e cultur

e onth

e inc

or shelf.Th

is speci

es

is a/

an

A.B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 09 Expl ain how

dif ere nt org anis ms deal with oxy gen

42 A microorganis

m th

at ha

s anoptimu

m grow

th temperatur

e

of 37

°

C, bu

t ca

n surviveshortexposu

re

to hightemperat

es

is calle

d a/

Na me 5 typ es of bac teri a bas ed on thei r tem per atur e pref ere nce s.

43 Anorganis

m th

at grow

s slowl

y

in th

e col

d bu

t ha

s anoptimu

m grow

th temperatur

e

of 32

°

C

is calle

d a/

an

A

pref ere nce s.

44 Anorganis

m wit

h

a temperatur

e grow

th rang

e

of 45

°

C

to 60

°

C woul

d becalle

d a/

an

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 07 08 Na me 5 typ es of bac teri a bas ed on thei r tem per atur e pref ere nce s.

45 Humanpathogen

s fal

l int

o th

e grou

07 08 Na me 5 typ es of bac teri a bas ed on thei r tem per atur e pref ere nce s.

46 Allof th

e followingcoul

d fin

d

a location

in

or onbodytissu

es suitabl

e forgrow

th exce

pt

A

B

C