TEST BANK microbiology a systems approach cowan 3e chapter012

14 Expl ain how dru gs targ etin g folic acid synt hesi s wor k... 14 Expl ain how dru gs targ etin g folic acid synt hesi s wor k... 14 Expl ain how dru gs targ etin g folic acid synt h

Chapter 012 Drugs, Microbes, Host - The Elements of Chemotherapy

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called

4 Important characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include

A Low toxicity for human

7 The use of any chemical in the treatment, relief or prophylaxis of a disease is called

8 Penicilli

ns an

d cephalosporin

s

A

B

D

E

9 Selectiv

e toxicityrefer

s

to

A

B

C

D

E

10 Each

of th

e followingeffec

t cel

l walls exce

11 Aminoglycoside

s

A

B

D

E

12 Each

of th

e followingtarge

t prokaryoticribosom

es exce

E

13 Antibioticswhichdisru

pt prokaryoticribosom

es ca

n als

o affec

t

A

B

C

D

E

14 Drug

s th

at insertonth

e _ ribosom

al subunitpreven

t peptidebondformation

or inhibittranslocation

of th

e subunitdurin

g

translation

15 Whic

h

of th

e followingmicrobial

s do

es no

t inhibitDNAsynthesis

?

A

B

C

D

E

16 Sulfonamide

s

A

B

D

E

17 Sulfadrug

s wo

D

E

18 Sulfonamide

s ar

e analog

s

of PABAan

d,

as

a resul

t, theyinhibit _ synthesis

A

B

C

D

E

19 Drug

s th

at ac

t bymimickingth

e norm

al substra

te

of anenzym

e, thereb

y blockin

g itsactiv

e sit

e, ar

e calle

d

20 Ampicilli

n, amoxicillin,mezlocillinan

d penicilli

n

G all ha

ve

A

B

C

D

E

21 A chemicalth

at inhibit

s beta-lactamas

e enzym

22 Wha

t type

of chemicalwil

l allowsom

e bacteri

a

to beresista

nt

to man

y penicillins

?

A

B

C

D

E

23 Allof th

e followingperta

in

to cephalosporin

s exce

pt

A

B

C

D

E

24 Whic

h antimicrobial do

es no

t inhibitcel

l wa

ll synthesis

E

25 Whic

h drug

is used

to tre

at case

s

of tuberculosis?

26 Wha

t drug

is used

in case

s

of penicilli

n an

d methicilli

n resistanc

e an

d als

o used

to tre

at endocarditis

?

A

B

C

D

E

27 Clavulan

ic aci

d

A

B

C

D

E

28 All _ consi

st

of

a thiazolidinerin

g,

a beta-lacta

m rin

g an

d an

R grou

p

A

B

C

D

E

29 The maj

or sour

ce

of naturall

y producedpenicilli

n

is th

e mol

d

A

B

C

D

E

30 Wha

t antibiot

ic

is mixe

d wit

h neomyci

n an

d polymyxi

n

to mak

e anantibiot

ic ointmen

t (Neosporin) forsuperfcia

l ski

n infections

31 Gra

m negativ

e ro

ds ar

e oftentreatedwit

32 Whic

h antimicrobial do

es no

t interfer

e wit

h protei

n synthesis

?

A

B

C

D

E

33 Whic

h

of thes

e drug

s ha

s th

e mos

t narro

w spectrum

E

34 Antimicrobial

s th

at ar

e macrolid

es

A

B

C

D

E

35 The drugth

at ca

n caus

e aplasticanemi

a an

d

is used

to tre

at typhoi

d feve

r an

d brai

n abscesse

s

is

36 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t anaminoglycoside

37 Whic

h

of th

e followingantibacterial druggrou

ps do

es no

t targe

t protei

n synthesis

?

A

B

C

D

E

38 Whic

h antibiot

ic

is used

to tre

at MRS

A an

d VR

E infections

E

39 Whic

h grou

p ar

e th

e ke

y drug

s used

to tre

at Hansen's disea

se (leprosy)

?

A

B

C

D

E

40 Allof th

e followingperta

in

to fluoroquinolone

s exce

pt

A

B

C

D

E

41 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t tru

e

of polymyxins

?

A

B

C

D

E

42 The antifunga

l drugth

at ca

n beused

to tre

at serio

us systemi

c fung

al infectio

ns

is

A

B

C

D

E

43 Ketoconazol

e, fluconazol

e, clotrimazol

e an

d miconazol

e ar

e broad-spectru

m azol

es used

to tre

at _ infectio

ns

44 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t adruggrou

p used

to tre

at fung

al infections

?

A

B

C

D

E

45 The drugusedforseveralprotozoa

n infectio

46 Mebendazol

e, thiabendazol

e an

d ivermectinar

e drug

s used

to tre

at _ infectio

ns

A

B

C

D

E

47 Ther

e ar

e fewe

r antifunga

l, anti-protozoa

n an

d anti-helmint

h drug

s compare

d

to antibacterial drug

s becaus

e fung

i, protozoaan

d helmint

hs

A

B

C

D

E

48 Primaquinean

d chloroquinear

e drug

s used

in th

e treatmen

t

of

A

B

C

D

E

49 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t used

to tre

at malaria?

50 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t amod

e

of actio

n

of antivira

l drugs?

A

B

C

D

E

51 Anantivira

l th

at

is

a guanin

e analogwoul

d haveanantivira

l mod

e

of actio

n th

at

A

B

C

D

E

52 Antivira

l drug

s th

at targe

t revers

e transcriptas

e woul

d beused

to tre

at

A

B

C

D

E

53 Acyclovi

r

is used

to tre

54 Whic

h

of th

e followingbloc

k HI

V bindin

g

to ho

st cel

l receptors?

55 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t atherapeuticbene

ft

of interferon

?

A

B

C

D

E

56 The cellul

ar basisforbacteri

al resistanc

e

to antimicrobial

s inclu

de

A

B

C

D

E

57 The multidrugresista

nt pum

ps

in man

y bacteri

al cel

l membran

es functio

n

by

A

B

C

D

E

58 Microbial resistanc

e resultin

g fro

m mutationoccu

rs becaus

e

A

B

C

D

E

59 Each

of th

e followingresul

t

in drugresistanc

e exce

pt

A

B

C

D

E

60 Each

of th

e following

is

a mechanis

m fordrugresistanc

e transferbetwee

n microorganismsexce

pt

A

B

C

D

E

61 Each

of th

e followingcontribut

es

to emergingdrugresistanc

e exce

pt

A

B

C

D

E

62 Nutrien

ts th

at encourag

e th

e grow

th

of benefci

al microb

es

in th

e intestin

es ar

e know

n

as

A

B

C

D

E

63 The us

e

of vagina

l insert

s

of Lactobacillu

s

to restor

e

a healthyacidicenvironmen

t

is anexampl

e

of

A

B

C

D

E

64 Broad-spectru

m drug

s th

at disru

pt th

e body's norm

al flo

ra oftencaus

e

A

B

C

D

E

65 The drugusedagains

t intestin

al anaerobicbacteri

a, th

at ca

n als

o alt

er norm

al flo

ra causingantibiotic-associate

d colitis

is

66 Sideeffec

ts th

at occu

r

in patie

nt tissu

es while theyar

e onantimicrobial drug

s includeall th

e followingexce

pt

67 A super-infectio

n resul

ts fro

m

A

B

C

D

E

68 The _ ar

e drug

s th

at deposit

in developin

g teet

h an

d caus

e

a permanen

t brow

n discoloration

A

B

C

D

E

69 Drugsusceptibilit

y testi

ng

A

B

D

E

70 A clinic

al microbiologistmak

es seria

l dilution

s

of severalantimicrobial

s

in brot

h, an

d thenincubat

es eachdrugdilutionse

s wit

h

a standa

rd amou

nt

of

a patient'

s isolatedpathogen Wha

t

is thi

s microbiologistsettingup

?

71 A rat

io

of th

e do

se

of th

e drugth

at

is toxic

to human

s vers

us th

e minimu

m effectiv

e do

se forth

at pathogen

is assessed

to predictth

e potenti

al fortoxicdrugreactions.Th

is

is calle

d th

E

72 If pathogen

A

is mor

e resista

nt

to anerythromyci

n dis

c on

a Kirby-Baue

r plat

e compare

d

to pathogen

B, thenpath

A wil

l havea(n) _ zone

of inhibitio

n compare

d

to pathogen

B

A

B

C

D

E

73 Whic

h TherapeuticInde

x valuewoul

d beth

e drug

of choice?

74 Who

is considere

d

to beth

e fathe

r

of moder

n antibiotics

75 Whic

h

2 antibioticsaffec

t th

e DNA

& RN

A

of bacteria?

A

B

C

D

True / False Questions

76 Antimicrobial drug

s th

at inhibitfol

ic aci

d synthesiswo

rk wit

h nosid

e effec

ts becaus

e mammalsmus

t ge

t fol

ic aci

d fro

m theirdi

et

Tr

ue False77 Speci

es

of Bacill

us produc

e bacitracinan

d th

e polymyxi

ns

Tr

ue False

78 Anantibiot

ic

of th

e penicilli

n fami

ly

is penicilli

n

G

Tr

ue False

79 The fr

st moder

n antimicrobial drug

s we

re sul

fa drug

s Learningobjectiv

e 12.1

4 Explai

n ho

w drug

s targetin

g fol

ic aci

d synthesiswo

rk

Tr

ue False80 Ciprofloxaci

n

is used

to tre

at vir

al respirator

y infectio

ns

Tr

ue False

81 Resistanc

e fact

or plasmi

ds ar

e transferre

d

to othe

r bacteri

al cel

ls durin

g transformation, transductionan

d conjugation

Learningobjectiv

e 12.2

1 Discus

s th

e

3 possibl

e wa

ys th

at microb

es acquireantimicrobial resistanc

e

Tr

ue False

82 Bacteri

a ca

n have

a natur

al resistanc

e

to

a drugth

at

it ha

s neve

r beenexpose

d to

Learningobjectiv

e 12.2

1 Discus

s 3possibl

e wa

ys th

at microb

es acquireantimicrobial resistanc

e

Tr

ue False

83 Whe

n

a patient'

s immun

e syste

m reac

ts adversely

to

a drug, thi

s serio

us sid

e effec

t

is calle

d

a super-infectio

n Le

e 12.2

5 Explai

n wh

at

a super-infectio

n

is an

d ho

w

it occu

rs

Tr

ue False

84 Drug

s th

at ar

e hepatotoxi

c caus

e damag

e

to

a patient'

s kidne

ys

Tr

ue False

85 The MI

C

is th

e smalles

t concentratio

n

of anantimicrobial require

d

to inhibitth

e grow

th

of th

e microb

e Learningobjec

e 12.2

7 Defn

e therapeuticinde

x an

d identif

y whethe

r ahigh

or

a lo

w inde

x

is preferab

le

Tr

ue False

86 The Kirby-Baue

r te

st us

es anag

ar surface,seededwit

h th

e te

st bacterium,

to whichsmall dis

cs containing

a speci

fc concen

n

of severaldrug

s ar

e placedonth

e surface

Learningobjectiv

e 12.2

6 Describ

e

2 metho

ds fortestingantimicrob

ial susceptibilit

y

Tr

ue False

87 Anantimicrobial wit

h

a lo

w therapeuticinde

x

is

a saf

er choic

e compare

d

to

a drugwit

h

a hightherapeuticinde

x Tr

ue False88 It is bette

r

to us

e

a broad-spectru

m druginstead

of

a mor

e speci

fc narrow-spectru

m drug

Tr

ue False

89 Newe

r, mor

e expensiveantimicrobial

s ar

e alwa

ys bette

r

to us

e thancheape

r, olde

r drug

s

Tr

ue False

90 Indwellingcathet

er bioflminfectio

ns ar

e mor

e resista

nt

to antibioticsthannon-bioflminfectio

ns

Tr

ue False

91 The us

e

of antibiotics

in cattl

e feedlead

s

to th

e developmen

t

of antibiotic-resista

nt bacteri

a

Tr

ue False

92 Drugtoxicityoccu

rs whenanantimicrobial drugac

ts

as antigenan

d stimulat

es anallergicrespon

se

Tr

ue False

Chapter 012 Drugs, Microbes, Host - The Elements of Chemotherapy Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Substanc

es th

at ar

e naturall

y producedbycerta

in microorganismsth

at ca

n inhibit

or destroyothe

r microorganismsar

e

calle

12 02 Ide ntif y the sou rces for mos t curr entl y use d anti mic robi als.

2 Antimicrobial

s effectiv

e agains

t awidevarie

ty

of microbial type

s ar

e term

ed

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 08 Dist ing uish bet wee n bro ad- spe ctru m and narr ow- spe ctru m anti mic robi als and expl ain the sign ifica nce

of the disti ncti on.

3 Antibioticsar

e derivedfro

m all th

e followingexce

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 02 Ide ntif y the sou rces for mos t curr entl y use d anti mic robi als Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 12 List som e cell wall anti biot ics that are not in bet a- lact am cat ego ry.

4 Importa

nt characteristi

cs

of antimicrobial drug

s inclu

de

A

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 05 Ide ntif y whi ch cat ego ries of dru gs are mos t sele ctiv ely toxi c and why

5 Each

of th

e followingar

e tru

e

of antimicrobial therapeuticdrug

s exce

pt

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 01 Stat e the 2 mai n goal

s of anti mic robi al trea tme nt.

6 Th

e us

e

of

a drug

to preven

t immine

nt infectio

n

is calle

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 01 Stat e the two mai n goal

s of anti mic robi al trea tme nt.

7 Th

e us

e

of an

y chemical

in th

e treatmen

t, relief

or prophylax

is

of

a disea

se

is calle

d

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 01 Stat e the 2 mai n goal

s of anti mic robi al trea tme nt.

8 Penicilli

ns an

d cephalosporin

s

A

B.

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 11 List oth er bet a- lact am clas ses of anti biot ics and two exa mpl es.

9 Selectiv

e toxicityrefer

s

to

A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g

Obj ecti ve: 12 03 Expl ain the con cep

t of sele ctiv e toxi city.

10 Each

of th

e followingeffec

t cel

l walls exce

rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 12 List som e cell wall anti biot ics that are not in bet a- lact am cat ego ry.

11 Aminoglycoside

s

A

B.

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 13 Ide ntif

y 2 olde r and 2 new er anti mic robi als that act by inhi biti ng prot ein synt hesi s.

12 Each

of th

e followingtarge

t prokaryoticribosom

es exce

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 16 Na me 2 dru gs that targ et the cell ular me mbr ane

13 Antibioticswhichdisru

pt prokaryoticribosom

es ca

n als

o affec

t

A

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 06 Expl ain how dru gs that inhi bit prot ein synt hesi s can be sele ctiv e.

14 Drug

s th

at insertonth

e _ ribosom

al subunitpreven

t peptidebondformation

or inhibittranslocation

of th

e subunitdurin

g

translation

A.B

C

D.E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 06 Expl ain how dru gs that inhi bit prot ein synt hesi s can be sele ctiv e.

15 Whic

h

of th

e followingmicrobial

s do

es no

t inhibitDNAsynthesis

?

A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 15 Ide ntif y the cell ular targ et of qui nolo nes and na me 2 exa mpl es.

16 Sulfonamide

s

A

B

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 14 Expl ain how dru gs targ etin g folic acid synt hesi s wor k.

17 Sulfadrug

s wo

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 14 Expl ain how dru gs targ etin g folic acid synt hesi s wor k.

18 Sulfonamide

s ar

e analog

s

of PABAan

d,

as

a resul

t, theyinhibit _ synthesis

A

B.C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 14 Expl ain how dru gs targ etin g folic acid synt hesi s wor k.

19 Drug

s th

at ac

t bymimickingth

e norm

al substra

te

of anenzym

e, thereb

y blockin

g itsactiv

e sit

e, ar

e calle

d

ain how dru gs targ etin g folic acid synt hesi s wor k.

20 Ampicilli

n, amoxicillin,mezlocillinan

d penicilli

n

G all ha

ve

A

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 09 Trac e the evol utio

n of pen icilli n anti mic robi als Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and ide ntif y whi ch mic rob es the y are effe ctiv e agai nst.

21 A chemicalth

at inhibit

s beta-lactamas

e enzym

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 10 Expl ain the sign ifica nce of bet a- lact am ase s and whe re the y are fou nd.

22 Wha

t type

of chemicalwil

l allowsom

e bacteri

a

to beresista

nt

to man

y penicillins

?

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 10 Expl ain the sign ifica nce of bet a- lact am ase s and whe re the y are fou nd.

23 Allof th

e followingperta

in

to cephalosporin

s exce

pt

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 11 List oth er bet a- lact am clas ses of anti biot ic and 2 exa mpl es.

24 Whic

h antimicrobial do

es no

t inhibitcel

l wa

ll synthesis

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 12 List som e cell wall anti biot ics that are not in bet a- lact am cat ego ry.

25 Whic

h drug

is used

to tre

at case

s

of tuberculosis?

ecti ve: 12 12 List som e cell wall anti biot ics that are not in bet a- lact am cat ego ry.

26 Wha

t drug

is used

in case

s

of penicilli

n an

d methicilli

n resistanc

e an

d als

o used

to tre

at endocarditis

?

A

B

C

D

E

27 Clavulan

ic aci

d

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 10 Expl ain the sign ifica nce of bet a- lact am ase s Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and whe re the y are fou nd.

28 All _ consi

st

of

a thiazolidinerin

g,

a beta-lacta

m rin

g an

d an

R grou

p

A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 09 Trac e the evol utio

n of pen icilli n anti mic robi als Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and ide ntif y whi ch mic rob es the y are effe ctiv e agai nst.

29 The maj

or sour

ce

of naturall

y producedpenicilli

n

is th

e mol

d

A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 12 09 Trac e the evol utio

n of pen

icilli n anti mic robi als Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and ide ntif y whi ch mic rob es the y are effe ctiv e agai nst.

30 Wha

t antibiot

ic

is mixe

d wit

h neomyci

n an

d polymyxi

n

to mak

e anantibiot

ic ointmen

t (Neosporin) forsuperfcia

l ski

n infections

not in bet a- lact am cat ego ry

31 Gra

m negativ

e ro

ds ar

e oftentreatedwit

ecti ve: 12 13 Ide ntif y two olde r and two new er anti mic robi als that act by inhi biti ng prot ein synt hesi s.

32 Whic

h antimicrobial do

es no

t interfer

e wit

h protei

n synthesis

?

A

B

C