TEST BANK microbiology a systems approach cowan 3e chapter013

Contaminants are present on the Learning Objective: 13.01 Differentiate between colonization Learning Objective: and disease.. Learning Objective: 13.02 Enumerate the sites where normal

Chapter 013 Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Infection occurs when

A Contaminants are present on the

2 The term infection refers to

A Microorganisms colonizing the

4 Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

7 Normal biota includes each of the following except

8 Each of the following are inoculation of normal biota to a newborn except

A The birth process through the birth

9 Which of the following is not true of endogenous retroviruses?

A ERV's are part of the normal

10 The afect of "good" microbes against invading microbes is called

13 Which genus is resident biota of the mouth, large intestine and from puberty to menopause, the vagina?

16 Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against infections?

19 The greatest number of pathogens enter the body through the

22 The minimum amount of microbes in the inoculating dose is the

25 Which of the following is not an anti-phagocytic factor?

31 Keritinase has the greatest efect on the

37 Which of the following is the endotoxin?

40 The suffix –osis means

43 The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until symptoms first appear is the

46 The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a/an

53 Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called

56 Diseases that cause long-term or permanent damage leave

59 An animal, such as an arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another

62 Animals that participate in the life cycles of pathogens and transmit pathogens from host to host are

65 carriers are shedding and transmitting pathogen a long time after they have recovered from an infectious disease

68 A laboratory technologist splashed a blood specimen onto his face, eyes, nose and mouth This specimen was from an HIV positive patient If this blood exposure leads

to HIV infection in the technologist, the transmission route is

71 Which of the following is transmission of disease from mother to fetus?

72 Nosocomial infections involve all the following except

A Are only transmitted by medical

74 When would Koch's Postulates be utilized?

A Determination of the cause of a patient's illness in a hospital

77 The number of new cases of a disease in a population over a specific period of time compared with the healthy population is the

80 The number of persons afflicted with an infectious disease is the _ rate

81 What is one goal of the Human Microbiota Project?

A To sequence the DNA of all

83 Match the following graphs according to the kind of epidemic.

C.)

http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/fetp/modules/MiniModules/Epidemic_Curve/page06.htm

Ans: 1-A, 2-C, 3-B

True / False Questions

84 A pathologic state begins with contact with a microbe

89 A fetus can get an infection when a pathogen in the mother's blood is capable of crossing the placenta to the fetal circulation and tissues

Chapter 013 Microbe-Human Interactions: Infection and Disease Key

Multiple Choice Questions

1 Infection occurs when

A Contaminants are present on the

Learning Objective: 13.01 Differentiate between colonization

Learning Objective: and disease Learning Objective: infection

2 The term infection refers to

A Microorganisms colonizing the

Learning Objective: 13.01 Differentiate between colonization

Learning Objective: and disease Learning Objective: infection

3 Which is not terminology used for resident biota?

Learning Objective: 13.02 Enumerate the sites where normal biota is found in humans.

4 Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are

6 Resident biota are found in/on the

8 Each of the following are inoculation of normal biota to a newborn except

A The birth process through the birth

Learning Objective: infection

9 Which of the following is not true of endogenous retroviruses?

A ERV's are part of the normal

Learning Objective: 13.04 Point out how microbial antagonism can be helpful to the human host.

11 All of the following genera are considered resident biota of skin sites except

12 Resident biota of the gastrointestinal tract include

Learning Objective: 13.02 Enumerate the sites where normal biota is found in humans.

13 Which genus is resident biota of the mouth, large intestine and from puberty to

menopause, the vagina?

15 Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called

Learning Objective: 13.01 Differentiate between colonization

Learning Objective: infection and disease.

16 Which of the following is not a factor that weakens host defenses against

Learning Objective: 13.01 Differentiate between colonization

Learning Objective: infection and disease.

17 Which genus is the most common resident biota of mouth surfaces?

18 STORCH is an acronym that represents the most common

Learning Objective: 13.01 Differentiate between colonization

Learning Objective: and disease Learning Objective: infection

19 The greatest number of pathogens enter the body through the

21 An infectious agent already existing on or in the body are called

Learning Objective: 13.02 Enumerate the sites where normal biota is found in humans.

Learning Objective: 13.09 Define infectious dose.

23 Which of the following is not a method of adhesion?

24 Once a microbe has entered a host, what process performed by certain white

blood cells will attempt to destroy the microbes?

Learning Objective: 13.07 List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease.

25 Which of the following is not an anti-phagocytic factor?

27 Microbial hyaluronidase, coagulase and streptokinase are examples of

Learning Objective: 13.05 Differentiate between pathogenicity and virulence.

Learning Objective: 13.12 Provide a definition of virulence factors.

31 Keritinase has the greatest efect on the

Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe 3 ways microbes cause tissue damage.

Learning Objective: 13.12 Provide a definition of virulence factors.

32 Mucinase has the greatest efect on the

Learning Objective: 13.11 Differentiate between endotoxins and exotoxins.

35 _ are toxins that are the lipopolysaccharide of the outer membrane of gram

negative cell walls

36 _ are various bacterial enzymes that dissolve fibrin clots

Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe 3 ways microbes cause tissue damage.

37 Which of the following is the endotoxin?

Learning Objective: 13.11 Differentiate between endotoxins and exotoxins.

38 Hyaluronidase is a virulence factor in

39 The suffix –itis means

Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe 3 ways microbes cause tissue damage.

40 The suffix –osis means

Learning Objective: 13.10 Describe 3 ways microbes cause tissue damage.

41 The suffix –emia means

42 The stage of an infectious disease when specific signs and symptoms are seen and

the pathogen is at peak activity is

Learning Objective: 13.07 List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease.

43 The time from when pathogen first enters the body and begins to multiply, until

symptoms first appear is the

Learning Objective: 13.07 List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease.

44 The initial, brief period of early, general symptoms such as fatigue and muscle

Learning Objective: 13.07 List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease.

46 The subjective evidence of disease sensed by the patient is termed a/an

Learning Objective: 13.07 List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease.

47 The objective, measurable evidence of disease evaluated by an observer is termed

48 Local edema, swollen lymph nodes, fever, soreness and abscesses are indications

51 Leukopenia is the _ in the level of white blood cells in a patient

Learning Objective: 13.07 List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease.

52 A _ is the presence of small numbers of bacteria in the blood

Learning Objective: 13.07 List the steps a microbe has to take to get to the point where it can cause disease.

53 Infections that go unnoticed because there are no symptoms are called

54 Which of the following is not a normal portal of exit of an infectious disease?

55 Whic

h

of th

e following

is anexampl

e

of sequelae

? A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g

Obj ecti ve: 13 07 List the ste

ps a mic rob e has to tak

e to get to the poi nt whe

re it can

56 Diseas

es th

at caus

e long-ter

m

or permanen

t damag

e leav

e A

B

C.D

E

Lea rnin g

Obj ecti ve: 13 07 List the ste

ps a mic rob e has to tak

e to get to the poi nt whe

re it can cau se dise ase.

57 The primar

y, natur

al habit

at

of

a pathogenwher

e

it continu

es

to exi

st

is calle

d th

e A.B.C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 13 Disc uss the topi

c of res erv oirs thor oug hly.

58 Someonewh

o inconspicuouslyharbor

s apathogenan

d spread

s

it

to othe

rs

is

a A

B

C.D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 13 Disc uss the topi

c of res erv oirs thor oug hly Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

59 Ananimal,such

as anarthropod, th

at transmi

ts

a pathogenfro

m on

e ho

st

to anothe

r

is

a A.B

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

60 The intermediar

y objec

t

or individu

al fro

m whichth

e infectio

us agen

t

is actuall

y acquire

d

is termedth

e A.B

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 13 Disc uss the topi

c of res erv oirs thor oug hly.

61 Reservoir

s inclu

de

A

B.C.D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 13 Disc uss the topi

c of res erv oirs thor oug hly.

62 Animalsth

at participat

e

in th

e lif

e cycle

s

of pathogen

s an

d transmi

t pathogen

s fro

m ho

st

to ho

st ar

e A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

63 A _

is aninfectio

n indigeno

us

to animalsth

at ca

n, onoccasio

n, betransmitte

d

to human

s A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

64 _ carrier

s ar

e sheddingan

d transmittingpathogenwhile theyar

e recoverin

g fro

m aninfectio

us disea

se

A

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 13 Disc uss the topi

c of res erv oirs thor oug hly.

65 _ _carrier

s ar

e sheddingan

d transmittingpathogen

a longtim

e aft

er theyhaverecovere

d fro

m aninfectio

us disea

se

B.C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 13 Disc uss the topi

c of res erv oirs thor oug hly

66 Allinfectio

us disease

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 01 Diff ere ntia te bet wee n colo niza tion Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: infe ctio n and dise ase.

67 Aninanimat

e objec

t th

at harbor

s an

d transmi

ts

a pathogen

is

a

A

B.C.D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve:

13 13 Disc uss the topi

c of res erv oirs thor oug hly Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

68 A laborator

y technologis

t splashe

d

a bloo

d specimenon

to hisface,eyes,no

se an

d mouth.Th

is specimenwa

s fro

m anHI

V

If thi

s bloo

d exposu

re lead

s

to HI

V infectio

n

in th

e technologis

t, th

e transmissionrout

e

is

A

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

69 The driedresidue

s

of fin

e droplet

s fro

m muc

us

or salivath

at harb

or an

d transmi

t pathogenar

e A

B

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

70 Whic

h

of th

e following

is

a direc

t contac

t metho

d

of microb

e transmission

? A

B.C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

71 Whic

h

of th

e following

is transmission

of disea

se fro

m mothe

r

to fetus

?

A

B.C.D

E

Lea

rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 14 List 7 diff ere nt mo des of tran smi ssio

n of infe ctio us age nts.

72 Nosocomi

al infectio

ns involveall th

e followingexce

pt

A

B

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 15 Defi ne nos

oco mial infe ctio n and list the 3 mos t com mo n typ es.

73 Whic

h

of th

e following

is no

t aunivers

al precautio

n usedforhandlin

g patient

s an

d bodysubstances

? A

C

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 15 Defi ne nos oco mial infe ctio n and list the 3 mos t com mo n typ es.

74 Whe

n woul

d Koch'

s Postulat

es beutilized

? A

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 16 List Koc h's pos tula tes Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and whe n the y mig ht not

be app ropr iate in esta blis hin g cau sati on.

75 The stud

y

of th

e frequen

cy an

d distributio

n

of

a disea

se

in

a definedpopulatio

n

is A

B

D

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 17 Diff ere ntia te the scie nce of epi de miol ogy fro m trad itio nal me dica l pra ctic e.

76 The principa

l governmen

t agen

cy responsib

le fortrackinginfectio

us disease

s

in th

e Unite

d Stat

es

is

A

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 17 Diff ere ntia te the scie nce of epi de miol ogy fro m trad itio nal me dica l pra ctic e.

77 The numbe

r

of ne

w case

s

of

a disea

se

in

a populatio

n ov

er

a specific perio

d

of tim

e compare

d wit

h th

e healthypopu

n

is th

e A

vale nce.

78 A disea

se th

at ha

s asteadyfrequen

cy ov

er tim

e

in

a particul

ar geograph

ic location

is A

B

C

E

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 18 Defi ne inci den ce and pre vale nce.

79 The tot

al numbe

r

of deat

hs

in

a populatio

n du

e

to

a disea

se

is th

e _ rat

e A

B

C

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 18 Defi ne inci den ce and pre vale nce.

80 The numbe

r

of person

s afflictedwit

h aninfectio

us disea

se

is th

e _ rat

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 18 Defi ne inci den ce and pre vale nce.

81 Wha

t

is on

e go

al

of th

e HumanMicrobiot

a Project? A

B

D

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 03 Disc uss how the Hu ma n Micr obio me proj ect will cha nge our und erst and ing of nor mal biot a.

82 Bacteri

al toxi

ns ar

e chemicalproduc

ts mad

e bybacteri

a

A personingestssom

e hone

y containingClostridiu

m botul

e

C botulinu

m

is activelygrowin

g an

d release

s toxi

n

in th

e hone

y Th

e personbecom

es ill fro

m ingestingth

e toxi

n Th

is

is anexampl

e

of a(n):

e 3 way s mic rob es can cau se tiss

83 Matc

h th

e followinggrap

hs according

to th

e kin

d

of epidemic.1.)Propagated2.)Commonsource

3.)Poi

nt source

A.)epiville.ccnmtl.columbia.eduB.)http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/f

etp/modules/MiniModules/Epidemic_Curve/page06.htmC.)http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/fetp/modules/MiniModu

les/Epidemic_Curve/page06.htmAns: 1-

A, 2-

C, 3-

B

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 19 Disc uss poi nt sou rce Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: com mo n sou rce and pro pag ate d epi de mic s and pre dict the

niza tion Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: and dise ase Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: infe ctio n

85 Unde

r certa

in circumstances,

a person's residen

t biot

a ca

n beopportunisticpathogen

s

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve: 13 06 Defi ne opp ortu nis m.

86 Most

of th

e skin'sresiden

t biot

a ar

e foun

d

in th

e uppermos

t, superficia

l layer

s

of th

e epidermi

s

TR UE

Lea rnin g Obj ecti ve:

13 02 Enu mer ate the site s whe re nor mal biot

a is fou nd in hu ma ns.