ninh bình 186 năm lịch sử và phát triển

Nhan dip ky niem 185 nam thanh lap tinh Ninh Binh, 15 nam tai lap tinh, Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy chi dao bien soan va xuat ban cudn saeh "Ninh Binh -185 nam lich su" va phat trien" nham k

\JU BAN TUYEN GIAO TINH UY NINH BINH • CONG TY VAN HOAJRI TUE VIET

ftO / / jD^^^Q yf^hvtc hien va gicfi thieu xuat ban n u c m e n va giai inieu x u a i oan

m viel Nam

AND DEVELOPMENT

'i-x.<^mf^

DINH CHINH NOI DUNG CUON SACH

"Ninh Binh - 185 nam Ijch sir va phat trien'

van dpng vien cac mon the thao tham gia dat dugc nhijng thanh tich dang phan khai

Nha nuac tang thuang Huan chuang Doc lap Hang Ba

Xin sua lai la

CO 78 di tich cap quoc gia

duai trieu Tay San

nam Gia Long thu 5(1806)

CO 78 di tich cap quoc gia

thuoc dia phan de Hong LTnh

CO thanh trong va thanh ngoai

Hien Tu Hoang thai hau

Que huang Ninh Binh Thuc dan Phap, dia chii

6 dai dpi nam 1999 dat 300,8 ty dong

Bo cum tir nay

Nha nuac tang thuang Huan chuang Doc lap Hang Nhat

BAN T U Y E N GIAO TINH UY NINH BINH - CONG TY V A N HOA TRI TUE VIET

NINH BINH

185 NAM UCH SIJ

VA PHAT TRIEN

NINH B I N H - 1 8 5 YEARS HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Cuon saeh nay di/dc xuat ban trong khuon kh6

chi/dng trinh difan xuat ban GUONG MAT VI$T NAM - Gidi thieu tiem nang dat va ngi/di tren moi mien dat ni/dc Viet Nam

NHA XUAT BAN VAN H()A THONG TIN

Hd Noi - 2007

t^M GUdnq mat

m Viet Nam

• Rh c i r u I ipii «ir KIUH I F UAM unA YA wni BO SACH - LICH SIT • KINH TE - VAN HOA • XA HOI

BAN TUYEN GlAO TINH UY NINH BJNH - CONG TY V A N HOA TRI TUE V I E T

HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Ha Noi - 2007

Chi dao noi dung:

BAN THUONG VU TJNH UY NINH BINH

Chi dao thiic hien va lien ket xuat ban

Oong chi OINH CHUNG PHUNG

Uy vien Ban thirdng vu Tinh iiy Trutmg Ban Tuyen giao Tinh uy Ninh Binh Nha tha DOAN MANH PHUONG Giam doc Cong ty Van hoa Tri tue Viet Chu nhiem dii an xuat b^n GUaNG MAT VI^T NAM

Hgi dong bien tap

NGUYEN MANH TRUONG - DANG DINH CHAN - N G U Y E N M A N H HUNG PHAM TH! THUY - TRAN PHUONG - PHAM BJNH - LE ANH CHIEN

D 6 V A N CHUYEN - HOANG PHUONG NHAM - T R A N ANH TUAN TRAN MIEU - TRAN VAN TRUONG - BUI VAN HIEN - LE DUC THANH HOANG VIET HUNG - DOAN TUYET NHUNG - DINH THI KIM ANH

BUI NGOC QUANG - CAO HA - PHAM LONG GIANG

Vbi su cong tac dae biet cua cac nha nghien cuu van hba

va lich sii tam huyet vai dat va ngubi Ninh Binh

Bien dich tieng Anh

Trung tam Dich thugt Quoc te BTES

Thuc hien my thuat

TRUNG TAM MY THUAT UNG DUNG CONG TY VAN HOA TR[ TUE VIET

BBT xin chan thanh cam on su giup da nhiet tinh cua Van phbng Tinh uy Vdn phbng UBND tinh ciing cac sd, ban, nganh doan the, huyen thi,

thanh phb, doanh nghiep cua tinh Ninh Binh

ANH VA BAI TRONG SACH CUA CAC TAC GIA

06 BANG, BiNH NGUYEN, OL/C TRUNG, NGUYEN CHAN, DUONG BIEN THUY, PHAM DL/C ANH

T d c gid d n h :

THANH BiNH, BUI DUY TL/, T U A N HAI, NGOC KHANH, MINH T U A N , PHAM HY LLTONG,

THE' MINH, HO CANH, X U A N TRUONG, DLTC LAN, NINH BiNH,

HL/ONG GIANG, CAO TAN, H O A N G ANH, MINH TI^N, D 6 BANG, MANH HUY, TUAN ANH,

OL/C PHONG, LE CONG, T R A N T H U A N , H O A N G ANH, X U A N HY

VA ANH DO BAN T U Y E N GIAO TINH UY NINH BiNH CUNG CAP

Tdc gid tho:

TRL/ONG HAN SlEU, 16 HLfU, TA HOU Y E N , TRAN D A N G KHOA, BJNH N G U Y E N

NGUYEN HL/U V A N , THANH THAN, TRUONG MINH PHO, VU DL/C THANH

NGUYEN KHAC THIEU, TRAN LAM BiNH, LAM XUAN VI

Tdc gid ca khuc:

T H U A N Y ^ N , TRAN H O A N , HOANG QUY, TRAN CHUNG, SONG OAO, TLfONG LAI

Tdi lieu t h a m khdo:

DANH N H A N DAT NINH BiNH, LICH SL/OANG BO NINH BiNH (tap 1,2),

KINH 0 0 HOA L U T H O I DINH - TI^N - LE (Dang Cong Nga - 2002),

CO 0 0 HOA LU- LICH SL/VA DANH T H A N G (La Dang Bat -1998),

CANH DEP NINH BiNH (La Dang Bat -1997),

NINH BiNH THEO D O N G LICH SLf VAN HOA (Nguyin Van Trb - 2004),

NINH BiNH - QUE HUONG ANH HUNG (Ban chap tianti Dang bd tinh Ninh Binh - 2002), NINH BiNH T O A N TINH - DIA CHI KHAO BIEN (Nguyin Tir Man - 2001);

N I E N G I A M T H O N G K E T I N H N I N H BiNH TU N A M 1992 - 2006,

DAI V I E T SL/ KY T O A N THL/ (NXB KHoa hoc • xa h6i)

jfij Zi.S.i^

BAC WO TANO-OAI HOI -DANG e,6 N'MH SINH

C A N T

DANH HIEU CAO QUY DANG VA NHA NUOC

TRAO TANG CHO DANG BO CHiNH Q U Y I N V A NHAN DAN NINH BiNH

LOI NOI DAU

D

^ ^ ^ • mia danh Ninh Binh co tir nam 1822 (nam Minh

^^^^k ^ r 1 Mang thu 3), den nay da trai qua 185 nam \6i biet

m ^ k - M — ^ bao ddi thay cimg v6i tien trinh lich su cua dat

T — ^ ^ nuac Hoa Lu-Ninh Binh da tijmg la kinh do nuoc Dai Co

'/ Viet cua 3 vuong trieu: Nha Dinh, Tien Le va Nha Ly; la

noi san sinh ra nhieu danh nhan, nhan vat lich su lam rang danh cho que huong, dat nuoc Ke thijra phat huy truybn thong yeu nuoc, truy6n thong each mang, trong gan hai the ky qua nhan dan Ninh Binh da doan ket, thong nhat, neu cao y chi tu luc, tu cuong, nang dong, sang tao, n6 luc phan dau vuot qua kho khan lap dugc nhieu chien cong, thanh tfch trong su nghiep xay dung va bao ve To qudc, gop phan Cling ca nu6c viet nen trang sir ve vang, oanh liet cua dan toe Viet Nam, chung sue, chung long xay dung que huong, dat nuoc

Dae biet, sau 15 nam tai lap tinh, thuc hien ducmg loi ddi moi do Dang khoi xudfng va lanh dao, Dang bo, quan va dan tinh Ninh Binh da tich cue, nang dong, phat huy noi luc, vuon len gianh dugfc nhieu thanh tuu quan trong tren tat ca cac linh vuc Kinh te phat trien, tdc do tang trudng kha, co cau kinh te chuyen dich dung hudng, cac ngudn luc huy dong cho dau tu, phat trien tang nhanh; van hoa -

xa hoi cd tien bo, ddi sdng nhan dan dn dinh va dugc cai thien nhi6u mat, bo mat

dd thi va ndng thdn cd nhi6u ddi mdi; an ninh, chinh tri, trat tu an toan xa hgi dugc giiJ vifng, qudc phdng dugc tang cudng; he thdng chfnh tri dugc cung cd, tao tien

de cho budc phat trien mdi trong nhirng nam tiep theo

Nhan dip ky niem 185 nam thanh lap tinh Ninh Binh, 15 nam tai lap tinh,

Ban Thudng vu Tinh uy chi dao bien soan va xuat ban cudn saeh "Ninh Binh

-185 nam lich su" va phat trien" nham khing dinh nhiJng chang dudng va thanh

tfch ve vang trong cdng cudc bao ve va xay dung que huong g^n hai the ky qua; gidi thieu nhu'ng net van hda dae s^c, nhiJng tiem nang to Idn ciia viing dat

va con ngudi Ninh Binh

Cudn saeh "Ninh Binh -185 nam lich su" va phat trien" la mot tai lieu cd

gia tri tuyen truyen, giao due, giiJ gin va phat huy truybn thdng lich sir, van hda tdt dep cua que huong; khoi day trong mdi can bd, dang vien va nhan dan trong tinh, nhat la the he tre, tinh yeu que huong, dat nudc, niem tu hao va y chf quyet tam phan dau vuon len gianh nhieu thanh tuu to Idn hon nira trong su nghiep xay dung

va bao ve Td qudc, xay dung que huong Ninh Binh ngay eang giau dep, van minh; qua cudn saeh nay, ban dgc cd dugc nhirng thdng tin can thiet ve mdt viing dat cd

bi day lich su, van hda, giau truyen thdng yeu nudc va each mang./

DINH VAlV HUNG

Uy vien TU Ddng, Bi thu Tinh iiy Chii tich HDND, Tinh Ninh Binh

BAN DO HANH CHINH

TINH NINH BINH

LOI BAN BIEN T A P

T ^nh Ninh Binh duac tdi lap thdng 4 ndm 1992, vdi dien tich tu nhien gdn

l.400km\ ddn so hien nay khoang 920.000 ngudi; Id mpt vung ddt ndm d cue Nam dong bdng song Hong cdch Thu do Hd Noi hom 90km ve phia Nam tren tuyen giao thong quan trong qudc lg lA vd dudng sdt Bdc Nam Do la noi md nhdng ddu tich cua con ngudi ton tai tit hdng van ndm ve trudc vdn con luu lai; Id cddo Hoa Lu mot thdi sdng choi, nhu mot minh chdng ve mpt vung ddt

Co "dia linh nhdn kiet"

Truyen thong vd hien tai luon hoa quyen vdo nhau de ldm nen mot Ninh Binh gidu hdn sac vdn hda truyen thong yeu nudc vd cdch mang Id coi nguon sice manh cda ngudi ddn Ninh Binh trong khdng chien chdng giac ngoai xdm cdng nhu trong thdi ky hoi nhap vd phdt trien cung ddt nudc

Ninh Binh vdi hdnh trinh 185 ndm lich su vd phdt trien, cung vdi ddn tpc ldm nen biet bao sutich khong the phai md trong lich siic dung nudc vd giu nudc Nhiing trang su dy mdi mdi Id niem tii hdo cua ngudi Ninh Binh, Id dpng luc to Idn de Ddng bp vd nhdn ddn Ninh Binh vuat mgi trd nggi, xdy dung tuang lai Phdt huy truyen thdng hdo hung, nhiing ndm qua, Ddng bp vd nhdn ddn Ninh Binh vuat len bao kho khdn, thu thdch, gidnh duac nhiing thdnh tuu rdt quan trgng: Kinh te phdt trien vdi tdc dp tdng trudng khd; Cacdu kinh te chuyen dich dung hudng; Cac nguon luc huy dpng cho ddu tu phdt trien tdng nhanh;

Ca sd vdt chdt - ky thugt dugc tdng cudng; Vdn hoa - xd hpi co nhieu tien bp; Ddi sdng nhdn ddn dugfc cdi thien ve nhieu mat; An ninh chinh tri, trgt tu an

todn xd hpi dugc giii vung, qudc phdng duac tdng cudng; He thdng chinh tri dugc cung cd, ndng len ve chdt lugng, Nhung thdnh tuu dgt dugfc Id tien de vdng chdc de Ninh Binh vung budc tien vdo The ky XXI trong hdnh trinh hpi nhap vd phdt trien ben vung cung ddt nudc

Hoa cung mach ddp soi dpng ay, cudn sdeh NINH BINH - 185 NAM

LjCH SLT VA PHAT TRIEN do Ban Tuyen gido Tinh iiy Ninh Binh vd Cong ty

Vdn hoa Tri tue Viet phdi hap vdi NXB Vdn hoa Thdng tin xudt bdn se giup bgn dgc them hieu vd yeu qui han viing ddt Cd Do Hoa Lu lich su - Cudn sdeh edn ldm cho ngudi Ninh Binh them tu hdo ve que huang minh, ddng tdm hiep lite xdy dung tinh Ninh Binh ngdy edng gidu dep, vdn minh, xung ddng Id viing ddt lich sd vd anh hung

Ban bien tap chdn thdnh cdm an Tinh uy, HDND, UBND tinh Ninh Binh; Cac ban, ngdnh trong tinh; Hpi Vdn hge nghe thugt Ninh Binh; Cap uy vd chinh quyen cde huyen, thi; Cde doanh nghiep; Cde nhd nghien eiiu, nhd bdo, nhd vdn, nhd tha, nhd nhiep dnh ddtdn tinh giup da vd cpng tdc vdi chung tdi thue Men cudn sdeh ndy

Do phdi thue hien trong mpt thdi gian ngdn nhdm kip thdi Chdo mdng Ky niem 185 ndm thdnh lap tinh Ninh Binh, 15 ndm tdi lap tinh, ddn nhdn Hudn chuang Dpc lap hgng Nhdt, chdo mdng thdnh phd Ninh Binh nen cudn sdeh khd tranh khoi nhiing thieu sdt, rdt mong dugc bgn dgc thdng edm Chung tdi trdn trgng tiep thu y kien ddng gdp eua bgn dgc

Xin gidi thieu cung bgn dgc cudn sdeh:

NINH BINH - 185 NAM LICH SLf VA PHAT TRIEN

Ban Bien tap

NINH BINH

VUNG DAT - CON NGUOI

VA TRUYEN THONG LjCH SU, VAN HOA

Ninh Binh la mpt vung ddt c6 nhieu di tich, danh thang noi tieng Viet Nam nhu den vua Dinh, vua Le dupe xdy dung tu the l<y thu XVII, nhd thd da Phat Diem - mpt tuyet tdc cua nghe thuat kien true A Au, rCfng quoc gia Cue Phuong, khu du Ijch Tam Coc - Bich Oong, vung

du lich sinh thai Vdn Long, Trdng An Ld vung ddt cua hdng trdm di tich lich SLf, trong d6 eo 80 di tich dupe xep hang edp qudc gia voi nhung l l hpi ddn gian phong phu vd no'i tieng, nhung Idng nghe, vdn hda drri thuc phong phu tqo nen mpt Ninh Binh da dpng vd gidu bdn sac

VUNG DAT VA CON NGlTOl NINH BINH

NINH BINH - NIEM TU HAO

MOT VUNG DAT CO

y ^ ^ ua cac tai lieu cua Vien Sir hoc va ciia cac nha nghien ciiu da tim duoc tir trong

I I s u saeh - dia danh va danh ximg Ninh Binh chinh thiic co tir nam 1822 (nam

V ^ ^ Minh Mang thu ba) Trudc khi co danh xung va dia danh Ninh Binh, nai day la mot vUng dat co co con nguoi cu trij rat sdfm tir thai dai do da cu ma dau tich con luu lai

a cac di chi Thung Lang (Tam Diep) co nien dai 3 van nam; a hang Dang D^ng (Ciic

Phuang) each ngay nay 7000 - 8000 nam

Trong hanh trinh lich sir cua dat nuoc, don vi hanh chfnh, dia giai va ten goi ciia

viing dat co nay da qua nhieu lan thay ddi Theo Dai Nam nhdt thdng chi va nhu cu Nguyen Tu Miin da ghi lai trong Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien viet tir nam

1862 (diing 40 nam sau khi dia danh va danh xung Ninh Binh ra doi) va cuon Dia chi

Vdn hda Ddn gian Ninh Binh ciia tac gia Truang Dinh Tuang chu bien thi dia \uc Ninh

Binh tir thai Bdc thuoc va chong Bdc thuoc den nay da qua nhieu ten goi khac nhau Liic dau la Nam Giao Thoi nha Tan la Tuang Quan Thai nha Han thuoc quan Giao Chi va mot phan thuoc quan Ciru Chan Tir thai Ngo, Tan thuoc Giao Chau Cuoi nha Luang thuoc Truang Chau Thai Tiiy Duong lai thuoc quan Giao Chi Sau khi dep xong loan 12 sii" quan xay nen tu chu - Dinh Tien Hoang De dat ten nuac la Dai Co Viet, dung kinh do

a Hoa Lu thuoc chau Dai Hoang Den thai Ly la phu Truang Yen va mot phan chau Dai Hoang Doi Tran la lo Truong Yen, gom 4 huyen la: Le Gia, Uy Vi6n, Yen Ninh, Yen

Mo (hay Mo Do) Thoi nha Ho ddi thanh tran Thien Quan, gom cac huyen: Xich Thd, Xa Lai va huyen Khoi Duai thai thupc Minh lai ddi thanh chau Truang Yen thuoc phu Kien Binh va chau Ninh Hoa thuoc phu Quang Oai, Hung Hoa Thai Hau Le la dai hai phu

Mo, Gia Vi6n va phu Thien Quan 3 huyen: Phiing Hoa, Yen Hoa, Lac Thd Nam Minh Mang thii 10 (1829) ddi thanh tran Ninh Binh va co them huyen Kim San mdi duoc thanh lap thuoc phii Yen Khanh Nam Minh Mang thii 12 (1831) nang tran Ninh Binh thanh tinh Ninh Binh, va den nam 1838 cdt tdng Than Phii, huyen Tdng San (nay la Nga San, Thanh Hda) ve huyen Yen Md, thudc phu Yen Khanh tinh Ninh Binh Nam 1862, ddi phii Thien Quan thanh phii Nho Quan va nam 1888 cdt huyen Lac Thd, phu Nho Quan

ve Hda Binh Nam Thanh Thai thii: 18 (1906) thanh lap huyen Gia Khanh, gom 4 tdng thudc huyen Yen Khanh va 4 tdng thudc huyen Gia Viln

Sau each mang thang Tam nam 1945, tinh Ninh Binh gdm thi xa Ninh Binh va 6 huyen: Nho Quan, Gia Viln, Gia Khanh, Yen Khanh, Yen Md, Kim Son Nam 1975, sau khi nudc nha thdng nhat, theo Nghi quyet ky hop thii II Qudc hdi khda V, tinh Ninh Binh hap nhat vdi tinh Nam Ha thanh tinh Ha Nam Ninh tu ngay 3/2/1976 va sau 16 nam hgp tinh theo Nghi quyet ky hop thii X Qudc hdi khda VIII tir ngay 1/4/1992, tinh Ninh Binh dugc tai lap tren pham vi dia gidi nhu trudc khi hgp nhat

Trong sudt hanh trinh gan hai the ky qua, Ninh Binh ft nha't da cd tren 20 lan thay ddi vl dan vi hanh chfnh, dia gidi va ten ggi khac nhau Tfnh tir khi cd dia danh va danh xung Ninh Binh den nay, trong 185 nam da cd 5 lan thay ddi, song ve ca ban dia gidi va danh xung ten ggi vdn dugc giir nguyen nhu hien nay (trir 16 nam hgp nhat trong tinh Ha Nam Ninh, nhung thi xa vdn mang ten Ninh Binh) Do dilu kien lich sir, lai khdng cd nhilu tu lieu dugc ghi chep va luu lai nen khd cd the can cii: chfnh xac de ly giai ve nhung thay ddi ay Rieng dia danh Thanh Binh hay Ninh Binh cung danh de ndi ve mdt viing dat binh yen va phat trien Tir bao ddi nay ngudi dan Ninh Binh da sinh sdng va tdn tai lien tuc tir xa xua tren viing dat cd nay Qua qua trinh phat triln ay Ninh Binh da tu hao timg la kinh dd nudc Dai Cd Viet ciia ba vuang trieu Dinh - Le - Ly tir cudi the ky thu: X den dau the ky thii XI va la manh dat da timg san sinh ra nhiJng danh nhan, nhirng nhan vat lich sir hien tai lam rang danh que huang, dat nudc

BBT (Tlieo cac tu lieu ciia Vien Sit ligc

va cac tdi lieu co lien quan)

H - MOT VUNG DI TICH

A VA DANH T H A N G

» fi> n >

Anh: Bui Tuan Hai

NINH BINH - MOT VUNG DI TICH LICH SU, V A N H O A V A D A N H T H A

Nha thd da Phat Diem

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H SLf V A P H A T T R I E N

NINH BINH - M O T VUNG SON THANH THUY TU

Ninh Binh la mdt vimg dat d ve cue nam ddng bdng Bdc Bd, thien nhien da uu dai

cho vira cd bien rdng, vira cd rimg ram, mii cao, vdi nhilu hang ddng va canh quan thien nhien vira hiing vT vira dep nen tho

Phfa tay va tay nam tinh, ddi mii trung diep, la mdt canh cung ciia day niii da vdi, tir day Trudng San cd mdt dai ngang ra bien thanh dai Tam Diep - Bien Son Dd la biic trudng thanh tu nhien hiem yeu, ngan each hai quan Giao Chi va Cim Chan tir xa xua

Phfa bdc dai mii nay la khu rirng nguyen sinh Ciic Phuang ma 2/3 dien tfch ndm tren dat Ninh Binh Khu rimg nguyen thuy rdng 25.000 hecta nay, cd 3/4 dien tfch la mii

da vdi Hai day ddi niii chfnh chay song song tao nen mdt thung IQng bat ngan vdi nhieu ddng thuc vat quy hiem: nhihig cay Chd sdng gan 1.000 nam, cay Sau cd thu gdc cay chu

vi 60m, khi vang, vogc qudn dui, sde bung dd, thdn Idn bay Rimg Cue Phuang cd nhilu hang ddng ky thii: ddng Vui Xuan, Thuy Tien, Thanh Minh, Trang Khuyet, dae biet la ddng Ngudi Xua la nai ma cac nha khao cd da phat hien cac ngdi md cd vdi nhirng bd hai cdt ciia nhirng ngudi sdng each ngay nay 7.000 den 12.500 nam

VI phfa Nam day Tam Diep la mdt Niing niii da nhilu deo Deo Ba Ddi (Tam Diep)

la mdt nggn deo cua ngd 2 viing Bdc Nam dat nudc khi xua Noi day canh quan himg vi, biet bao danh si xua da timg ngam vinh:

Mpt dec mpt deo lgi mpt dec Khen ai kheo tgc cdnh cheo leo

(Deo Ba Ddi ciia Hd Xuan Huang) Viing nui phfa nam va tay nam day Tam Diep cdn cd nhilu niii va hang ddng dep

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H S I / V A P H A T T R I E N

nhu Ma Linh, Phugng San (xa Yen Thdng, Yen Md), Nggc Thd, Dang San (xa Yen Thanh, Yen Md), Thien Oanh cd ddng, mii Voi, niii Bang (xa Yen Mac, Yen Md), ddng Tra Tu (Yen Md), ddng Ma Tien, hang Phat, Vu Vu nguyen (Tam Diep)

Cac danh nhan xua da lay khf thieng sdng niii de giri gdm tam hdn minh vao dd Ninh Hy Tang (than phu cua Ninh Tdn, tien si thdi Le) da tim den Vu Vu nguyen ngdi

viet saeh Vu Vu thien thuyet va Tap phong vinh Ninh Tdn ddi ten mii Xa Triet (Niii Voi)

la Chuyet San de tir luan vl minh Pham Than Duat danh nhan van hda ngudi Yen Mac

cd ten hieu la Vgng Son, chfnh la ten nggn mii Bang (hay cdn ggi la niii Ddng) d thdn Yen Md thugng thudc xa Yen Mac

Nhung nggn mii va hang ddng nay da lam bao du khach, danh nhan, thi sT khi qua day deu rung ddng tam hdn va de lai nhilu tha dl vinh, nhu Nguyin Trai, Hai Thugng lan dng, Nguyin Du, Ngd Thi Nham, Ngd Thi Si, Hd Xuan Huang , ke ca cac bac quan vuang nhu Le Thanh Tdng, Le Hien Tdng, Thieu Tri

0 viing mii phfa Bac tinh Ninh Binh cd nhieu nggn mii khdng cao nhung hiing vl Day Ma Yen son, noi de lang Dinh Tien Hoang, phfa trudc la mii Ra, niii Phi Van, bao bgc khu din vua Dinh, vua Le Va ddng Am Tien d tren mii Am Tien (Ngu Phong son), tuc truyin la nai vua Dinh nudi hd; Cdn cd ddng Thien Tdn d niii Dung Duong thuge thi tran Thien Tdn, huyen Hoa Lu

0 viing niii nay cdn cd Bfch Ddng ndm trong day mii Ngu Dai Nai day canh dep hung vT Bao quanh nhung nggn mii nhd nhap nhd la mdt thung lung mau md, ddng nudc tdt tuoi, vl miia nudc trdng nhu mdt "Ha Long tren can" Bfch Ddng cdn dugc menh danh

la "Nam thien de nhi ddng", (ddng dep thii: nhi trdi Nam, sau ddng Huong Tfch) Tran Nhan Tdng da den Bfch Ddng va de lai bai tho tii tuyet:

Nui Ky Lan

Anh: Bui Duy Tu

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L j C H S I / V A P H A T T R I E N

Tdbien son nhiiu thuy hoi hodn, San thuy nhu do cdnh tu nhien, Xuyen thach nham thiiy thdnh ludng cde, Nhap vdn ldm hg xudt triing tuyen

Cdn bid't bao nhieu hang ddng khac nhu ddng Dich Long (cdn cd ten la ddng Nham San) d niii Dich Long thudc dia phan xa Gia Thanh, huyen Gia Viln Dich Long cdn dugc ggi la "Nam thien de tam ddng" Tren vach da niii Dich Long nay vdn cdn bai tha ciia Le Quy Ddn khi dng theo chiia Tinh Dd Vuang Trinh Sam len tham mii

Cung trong viing mii Trudng Yen cdn nhilu hang ddng dep nhu ddng Lien Hoa, nai Hoang giap Tam Dang Pham Van Nghi sau khi xin cao quan vl nghi, den d an, lam ban

ciing non xanh nudc biec va de lai bai Lien hoa dpng ky

6 ve phfa ddng tinh Ninh Binh, ngay tren dia phan thanh phd Ninh Binh ngay nay, ben ddng sdng Day la mii Non Nudc, hay cdn ggi la mii Due Thiiy Nai day tir thdi nha

Ly cd thap Linh Te, va Truang Han Sieu ddi Tran cho xay Nghinh Phong cac (gae ddn

gid) va Dieu Ngu dai (dai cau ca) Ong cung de lai bai van bia Due Thiiy san Linh Te

thdp ky Khi Minh Menh tuan du ra Bdc ddi ggi la Hd Thanh son Tren niii cdn khde nhieu

bai tho cua Truang Han Sieu, Pham Su Manh, Nguyin Trai, Ngd Thi Si, Ngd Thi Nham, Nguyin Khuyen, Cao Ba Quat v.v

Nguyin Trai cung cd tha vl mii Due Thiiy:

Due Thiiy vd tinh phong tu nggc, Dgi An trieu trudng thuy nhu thien

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L j C H SLT V A P H A T T R I E N

Gan mii Due Thiiy la nggn niii Canh Dilu, trdng nhu mdt canh dilu bay, nggn niii cdn trdng nhu ngudi thieu nir dang ndm xoa tdc, nen Nguyin Cdng Trii qua day ggi la mii Nggc my nhan

Trong lich sir dung nudc va giir nudc lau dai ciia dan tdc, dat Ninh Binh d vao vi trf chien luge vd cimg trgng yeu, la cira ngd tir Bdc vao Nam, cd day mii da vdi ndm ngang, chay dai ra biln, tao nen mdt biic tudng thanh tu nhien va hiem yeu Con dudng thien ly xua kia phai qua cira ai Cim Chan (Cim Chan quan) ndm tren dia phan dat Tam Diep, Yen

Md Cdn ve dudng thuy tir Bdc vao Nam xua kia budc phai di vdng ra xa cac mdm niii

da vdi d cira bien Than Phii, mdt cira bien dir ddi timg di vao ca dao:

Lenh denh qua cUa Thdn Phu Kheo tu thi ndi, vung tu thi chim

Viing bien Than Phil qua bien ddi ciia thdi gian den nay da liii sau vao dat liln thudc huyen Yen Md, vl mdi nam viing ven bien Ninh Binh tien them ra bien tir 80m den 100m Cira bien Than Phii la nai chiing kien biet bao tran chien trong cdng cudc bao ve

To qudc, tir cac cudc Nam chinh cua cac tiln nhan den cdng cudc bao ve cira ngd bien thuy mat bien phfa nam dat nudc

Viing bien nay cd day mii da Than Dau Khi dem quan vao quan Cim Chan, de tranh doan vugt bien nguy hiem Ma Vien da cho due mdt khe niii da de thuyin be qua lai, noi ay ggi la "Tac khau" tao thanh mdt ddng kenh thdng tir Chfnh Dai qua Hoang

Cuang sang Bach Ac dai khoang 10 km 0 viing mii cira bien Than Phii nay, mii Than

Ddu cd ddng Bach Ac, ddng Luc Van, ddng Bfch Dao, noi Tir Thiic gap Giang Huang Ngoai gia tri vl vi trf quan sir, cira bien Than Phii cdn nhilu canh dep, mii non nha'p nhd Idn trong sdng bien trdng that la hung vT Nhirng canh dep tuyet my ma sir saeh xua ghi lai, nay khdng cdn niia, va qua nam thang ciia lich sir dat liln lan ra bien, va Than Phil nay d ben trong dat liln

Canh dep Than Phii vao nhirng the ky trudc dugc ghi nhilu qua tha van cua cac

danh nhan van hda va cac bac vuang tdn cdng tir Nguyin Trai de lai bai tho Cua bien

Cdnh dem khuyadeita Thdn Phu

Thdn Phil qua do liic dem khuya, Gid mdt trdng thanh cdnh tuyet ky

dd ra bien d cira Day Ben ddng sdng nay cd mii Non Nudc, noi chimg kien bao chimg tfch lich sir; cd nga ba Ddc Bd, noi re nhanh vdi sdng dao Nam Dinh ndi vdi sdng Hdng Ddng Hoang Giang tir day mii thudc tinh Hda Binh va huyen Nho Quan chay xudng hgp vdi sdng Day d Gian Khau each thi xa Ninh Binh 10 km ve phfa Bdc - Tay Bdc

Ngoai ra, Ninh Binh cdn cd ca mdt he thdng sdng con ndi lien vdi cac sdng Day, sdng Hoang Giang chay vl cac huyen Gia Khanh, Yen Md Yen Khanh nhu sdng Van, sdng Vac, sdng Trinh, sdng Biit, sdng Can, sdng Td, sdng Nhue va mdt he thdng sdng ngdi chdng chit d huyen Kim Son, dugc dao vao dau the ky XIX khi Nguyin Cdng Trii"

td chii'c khai khain dat hoang, lap nen huyen Kim San ngay nay

Con de Hdng Diic dugc ddp tir ddi Le Thanh Tdng (1460 - 1497) de ngan nudc man, bien dat bai thanh ndi ddng, chay ngang qua hai huyen Yen Khanh va Yen Md, ngay nay vdn cdn dau tfch chung minh cdng lao khai khan dat hoang, ngan de lan bien ciia tiln nhan

Pham Dinh Nhdn

> ?

f ^ ^ True Khe Ngo Van Trien dich

2-NB

da cd con ngudi cu trii Khdng chi d Thung Lang ma d hang Dang Ddng (Ciic Phuong, Nho Quan), ngudi ta cung phat hien di tfch cua ngudi cd thudc van hda Hda Binh each ngay nay khoang 8000 nam

Trong sd 6 chiee trdng ddng tim thay d Ninh Binh cd 2 chiee trdng ddng loai I, hien vat tieu bieu ciia nIn van minh Sdng Hdng Dilu nay chiing td Ninh Bmh la mdt trong nhiJng dia ban quan trgng cua nIn van minh budi ddu dung nudc

Mac dii trai may nghin nam lich sir, nhung hien nay d viing Yen Te, xa Yen Ddng (Yen Md) vdn cdn dau tfch vl Thanh Luu Thu do Vua Hung cho xay dung nhdm bao ve cira bien Than Phii huyIn thoai (Thanh da bi pha tir thdi thudc Minh - (1407 - 1427)) Truyen thdng yeu nudc ciia ngudi dan Ninh Binh hda ciing ddng chay lich sir chdng ngoai xam ciia dan tdc that hao hung va chdi sang Ngay tir dau the ky ihii nhat sau cdng nguyen - Vao nam 40-43, nhan dan Ninh Binh hudng iing khdi nghTa ciia Hai Ba Trung,

da dung len tham gia danh giac lap cdng Thdi dd d Binh hai, Yen Md cd ba anh em hg Bach la Bach Nggc, Bach Luang Tii, Nha Tam Nuong, deu la con dng Bach Hdng, ciing quyet chf den lam tiiy tudng cua Hai Ba Trung Bach Nggc dugc phong Dai tudng quan

( I ) S6 li§u nam 2001 ciia Cue Thong ke Nmh Binh

1?

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H SLT V A P H A T T R I E N

Ca ba anh em diu chien dau dung cam va da hy sinh anh dung Nhd on nhung ngudi anh hiing, nhan dan trong viing da lap den thd ba vi ngay tren nIn dinh thu Dai tudng quan Bach Nggc d Binh Hai

Vao giiia the ky thu" X - Nam 968, Dinh Bd LTnh ngudi ddng Hoa Lu, Chau Dai Hoang (nay thudc huyen Gia Viln) sau khi dep loan 12 sii quan, thdng nhat giang son,

da lap nen Trilu Dinh, dat ten nudc la Dai Cd Viet va chgn Hoa Lu la noi dung dd Hoa

lu a'y nay thudc xa Trudng Yen huyen Hoa Lu - Ninh binh Dd la mdt khoang dat rdng kha bdng phdng ndm ngay trong khu \irc mii da Dinh Bd LTnh lgi dung the dat, the mii

tu nhien de tao nen mdt khu thanh cd dia the hiem trd, niii bao bgc xung quanh, ndm ben

bd sdng Hoang Long Hoa Lu chfnh la kinh dd ddu tien cua Nha nudc phong kien tap quyen dudi Trilu Dinh - Le

42 nam sau - (1009), Ly Cdng Udn len ngdi Vua, lap nen trilu Ly tdn tai han 200 nam (1009 - 1225) Vi Vua anh minh da biet nhin xa trdng rdng, ddi dd tir Hoa Lu tdi Thang Long (Ha Ndi ngay nay) Thang Long - Ha Ndi, vl the ludn gdn liln vdi ten tudi

Ly Thai Td vdi nilm tu hao sudt chilu dai lich sir ciia thii dd van hien Va, ndi vl Thang Long - Ha Ndi, khdng the khdng nhdc den Hoa Lu cd dd xua ma den nam 2010 sdp tdi

ky niem 1000 nam Hoa Lu - Thang Long - Ha Ndi

Viing dat cd dd Hoa Lu vao nam 1010 thudc phii Trudng Yen Den dau thdi Trdn ggi la Id Trudng Yen ( sau lai ddi la tran Trudng Yen); den nam 1398 (ddi Vua Tran Thuan Tdng) ggi la tran Thien Quan; Den thdi thudc Minh (1407 - 1428) lai ggi la chau Trudng Yen

Vao ddu thdi nha Hd, Hd Quy Ly cho xay dung thanh Quang Cdng (ngay tren dat

xa Yen Thai, huyen Yen Md ngay nay) Trudc dd (khoang nam 982), Vua Le Dai Hanh cung da cho xay dung tren viing dat nay Cim Chau Quan va thanh Le Thien Phiic Sau cudc khdng chien chdng Nguyen

- Mdng lan thii nhat, nhan thay vi trf chien luge ciia phu Trudng Yen, Vua Trdn

Linga bang da - vat thieng tim thay tqi khu kinh do Hoa La

Anh: Tu lieu

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H SLT V A P H A T T R I E N

Thai Tdng da nhudng ngdi cho Thai tir, vl viing mii Vu Lam, xay dung am Thai Vi de tu hanh, md ddu cho viec xay dung hanh cung Vu Lam thdi Trdn Vua Trdn Thai Tdng da chieu dan lap dp, bien viing rimg niii hoang vu 6 Lam (rimg qua) thanh nhung thdn xdm trii phii, la co sd cho \iec xay dung can cii dia Trudng Yen trong cudc khang chien chdng Nguyen - Mdng lan thir hai (1285) Tai viing niii Thien Dudng nha Trdn tap hgp dugc luc lugng va danh tan mdt bd phan quan Nguyen - Mdng vao thang 3 - 1285, gdp phan nhanh chdng quet saeh quan xam luge ra khdi dat nude

Han 300 nam sau ngay Dinh Bd LTnh len ngdi Hoang de, ngay 2 thang 10 nam Dinh Hgi (1-1I-I407), Trdn Ngdi lai len ngdi Hoang de d Cira Can (Yen Md), tap hgp lire lugng khdi nghTa chdng quan Minh va danh tan quan Minh d ben Bd Cd ngay 14 thang 12 nam Mau Ty (1408)

The ky thu" XVIII luu danh sir saeh mdt trilu dai tuy khdng dai nhung limg Idy chien cdng trong cudc chien chdng quan xam luge, giir gin bd cdi Dd la Trilu dai Tay Son vdi ngudi anh hiing dan tdc Quang Trung tai ba ldi lac Viing dat Ninh Binh cung de lai nhilu da'u tfch oanh liet cua trilu dai Tay San Chien tuyen Tam Diep - Bien San xua, nay vdn cdn dau tfch; Niii Sau (xa

Khanh Thugng Yen Md) thdi xua la

nai cam cd ciia quan Tay Son nay cdn

simg sung nhu mdt dau tfch hao

hiing

Den the ky XIX vao thdi nha

Nguyin, viing dat Hoa Lu dugc ggi la

Thanh Hoa ngoai tra'n, bao gdm hai

phii la phii Yen Khanh (cd 3 huyen:

Yen Khang, Yen Md, Gia Viln) va

phii Thien Quan (cd 3 huyen: Phung

Hda, Yen Hda, Lac Thd)

Nam 1806 Thanh Hoa ngoai

tran ddi thanh dao Thanh Binh thudc

tran Thanh Hoa Nam 1822, dao

Thanh Bmh lai ddi thanh dao Ninh

Binh va nam 1829 dao Ninh Binh

duoc ddi thanh tran Ninh Binh

Nui Oong Thien Ton

mpt trqm tien tieu phia dong

kinh do Hoa Lu

Anh: Tu lieu

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H SLT V A P H A T T R I E N

Tapng Vua Dinh Tien Hodng vd Vua Le Oqi Hdnh - nhang nhdn vdt chinh yeu cua cung dinh Hoa La

Anh: Tu lieu

Vimg "dia linh" Ninh Binh da tao nen nhung "nhan kiet" tieu bieu ciia que huang nhu: anh hung dan tdc Dinh Bd LTnh, cac danh tudng Dinh Diln, Nguyin Bac, Trinh Tii, Luu Co; Hoang Hau Duong Van Nga, Qudc su Nguyin Minh Khdng, danh nhan van Truang Han Sieu, Tien sT Ninh Tdn, Bang nhan Vu Duy Thanh, nha van hda Vu Pham Khai, Pham Than Duat

Ciing vdi cac danh nhan lich sir la mdt kho tang huyIn thoai vl Dinh Bd LTnh, Le Hoan, Duong Van Nga, Nguyin Minh Khdng , mdt kho tang td tfch, tuc ngir, ca dao vl manh dat, con ngudi Ninh Binh

La tinh ed nhilu mii da, ed rimg, ed bien, nhan dan ninh Binh da tao dung nhung lang nghi ddc dao nhu lang nghi dieu khde da He Dudng, Xuan Vu (Hoa Lu), nghi chieu cdi (Kim San), nghi mgc Phiic Lgc (Hoa Lu), lang nghi theu ren Van Lam, lang da canh Binh Khang, rdi nhirng lang nghi chan tdm, det vai, dan cdt

Nhung nghe nhan dan gian dieu khde gd, dieu khde da d cac lang nghi Ninh Binh gdp phan dung len nhung cdng trinh kien triic ddc dao nhu: Nha thd da Phat Diem, Den Vua Dinh, Din Vua Le, Dinh Triing Ha, Dinh Triing Thugng

Tai cac di tfch lich sir van hda ndi tieng hang nam td chiic nhilu ll hdi nhu: Ll hdi

Cd dd Hoa Lu, ll hdi Din Thai Vi, Din thanh Nguyin, Din Dau, hdi vat Yen Ve Nhung net dae trung vl truyin thdng lich sir va van hda dd ludn hda quyen, gdn ket vdi nhau, tao nen mdt sac thai rieng ciia mdt viing que Ninh Binh Ciing vdi thai gian, truyin thdng dd ludn dugc gin giir \'un ddp va phat huy de cd mdt Ninh Binh hdm nay: Tuai dep, tu hao

Lich sir dan tdc la lich sir cua bao viing dat, bao dan tdc tren khdp dat nudc Viet

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L j C H SLT V A P H A T T R I E N

Nam sudt hang nghin nam dau tranh dung nudc va giir nudc Trong dd, Ninh Binh thdi nao cung cd nhiing ddng gdp dang ke Khi thue dan Phap xam luge nudc ta, ngudi Ninh Binh da ciing ca dan tdc dung len chdng lai giac ngoai xam, bao ve que huong, dat nudc Ngay tir cudi the ky XIX, cac nghTa sy Can Vuong va sy phu yeu nudc Ninh Binh da sat canh cung nhan dan khdp noi danh giac Tieu bieu nhu: Nguyin Van Gian (tiic Thien Hd Gian - (1822 - 1892)) cimg nghTa quan chien dau d huyen Yen Khanh chdng giac Phap

Khi cd Dang cdng san lanh dao, truyin thdng each mang cua ngudi Ninh Binh lai eang dang cao, ddng gdp nhilu han cho sir nghiep giai phdng dan tdc Viing dat Lu Phong (xa Quynh Luu -Nho Quan), viing dat Cdi Tri (xa Yen

My, Yen Md) la hai nai chiing kien sir ra ddi cua chi bd Dang cdng san dau tien ciia tinh Ninh Binh, danh da'u mdc son

va su Idn manh ciia phong trao each mang trong tinh Cung tir dd, long yeu nudc, chf khf cam thii giac ciia ngudi Ninh Binh nhu dugc tiep them siic manh trong cudc chien da'u ddy cam go

Trong cac cudc khang chien chdng thuc dan Phap va dequd'c My xam luge, cac the

he ngudi Ninh Binh da ddng gdp dang ke siic ngudi, siic ciia cho cudc chien dau Bao liet

sy, anh hiing da hy sinh cho Td qudc mai mai thanh binh Ghi nhan nhimg thanh tfch ay, Nha nudc da phong tang danh hieu Anh hiing lire lugng \'u trang nhan dan cho quan va dan tinh Ninh Binh

Vdn Phong

Tapng Thdi hdu Daong Vdn Nga

Mpt vai gdnh vdc cd ddi son hd

Anh: Tu lieu

NINH BiNH - MOT VUNG DI TICH

Den tho Danh nhan van hoa Truong Han Sieu Anh: Ngoc Khanh

dudi chan nui Due Thuy

Tam quan den tho Nguy§n Cong Trii

(anh cliup truac nam 2006)

Anh: TL

N I N H B I N H - «x*m^i- * —

C U A N H U N G Lfe H O I

D A N GIAN D A C S A C

Dl ca l<heo trong mpt le hpi dan gian

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H SLT V A P H A T T R I E N

MUON THUG GHI AN NGUOI MO DAT

An qua nhd ngudi trdng cay la truyin thdng van hda, la dao dire tdt dep ciia dan

tdc ta Truyin thdng ay khdng ngimg duoc bdi ddp, ghi dam dau an noi noi tren dat Ninh Binh

Do dae diem vl dia ly dugc phii sa bdi ddp, mdi nam dat dai Ninh Binh tien dan ra bien tir 80-100m, vl vay lich sir khai hoang la'n bien va truyin thdng ghi an ngudi md da't

d Ninh Binh cung ludn dugc tfch luy tu bdi nhu phii sa bdi tu het ldp nay den ldp khac, ngay eang sau, eang nang Ngudi cd cdng md dat dugc nhan dan mudn thud ghi an Ten tudi cac vi dugc luu danh khdng chi trong sir saeh ma dugc tac vao bia da, in vao su tfch, vao ang ca dao, dugc nhan dan ndi ddi tuan tiet huong hoa bdn miia ciing ll Dd la cac

vi Minh quan da sang sudt ra an quai de lan bien, ggi dan phieu tan vl viing dat mdi lap

ra lang ap; la cac bac cdng thdn chi huy cac cudc lap ap chieu dinh; La cac vi nguyen

md, chieu md lap ra timg trai dp, la cac vi thdn chiem sa ddn ddu cdm da't lap ra mdt nha, mdt hg noi dat mdi bdi

Cdng cudc md da't cd quy md Idn d Ninh Binh phai ke den trudc tien la vao trilu vua Le Thanh Tdng nien hieu Hdng Diic Khi dd (1471), nha vua cd lenh ddp de ngan man d viing Ninh Binh Con de nay chay sudt tir cira bien Dai Nha (Thdn Tu Khanh Thien, Yen Khanh) den cira bien Tiiu Nha (Yen Lam, Yen Md) nhan dan ggi la de Hdng Diic de ghi nhd cdng on nha vua den mudn ngudi Mdt trong nhimg ngudi cd cdng trong viec giiip nha vua quai de lan biln la quan Thai Phd Le Niem, dng la con Le Lam, chau ndi Le Lai VI cd cdng dep loan Nghi Dan dua vua Le Thanh Tdng len ngdi, lai 2 Idn phd vua danh giac phfa Nam va vl Thien Tri (Yen Md) chi huy ddp de Hdng Diic nen dng dugc nha vua phong ap d viing Thien Tri Khi dng qua ddi, nhan dan lap din thd dng d Niii Voi (nui Bang) thudc Yen Mac, Yen Md

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L j C H S U V A P H A T T R I E N

Vao Trilu Le Du Tdn nien hieu VTnh Thinh (1704-1720) sau khi cd de Hdng Dire, quan Vii tudng quan Dd Thanh ngudi Tdng Son (Thanh Hda) vang lenh nha \ua, phii giiip cac quan tren td chiic chieu dinh lap ap d viing Bdng Hai (nay gdm 6 xa Khanh Tien, Khanh Thien, Khanh Cudng, Khanh Trung, Khanh Thanh, Khanh Cdng huyen Yen Khanh), dng ciing cu dan dinh cu d day tao dung nhilu cdng trinh Idn, trong dd cd chiia

Dg, chg Xanh de tu dan va md mang hung thinh da't nay Khi dng mat, nhan dan Bdng Hai da lap tdi 6 ngdi din thd dng va truyin tung mai bai ca, trong dd cd cau:

"Chdn Bdng Cfidu nam md cUa Phat Cdng thdc khai de nhdt Id ai

Kia cdu, ng qudn Idu ddi Chg hom, chg sdm hoi ngudi cd nhdn

Nen cong due tii ddn tung niem "

Nam 1773, vua Le, chiia Trinh cir Hdng LTnh Hau Nguyin Nghilm vl phii Trudng Yen (Ninh Binh) ddp de ngan man Con de nay hien ndm d Nam Yen Khanh - Bdc Kim San va ggi la de Hdng LTnh hay dudng Quan (Hdng LTnh la tudc hieu cua Nguyin Nghilm)

Ke den trilu Nguyin, cdng cudc khan hoang, md dat d Ninh Binh cung dugc td chirc vdi quy md kha to Idn Nam Minh Menh thu" 10 (1829) nha vua cir Nguyin Cdng Triif lam doanh diln sii, dng da td chirc khan hoang la'n bien lap ra huyen Kim Son gdm

7 tdng, 60 a'p, trai, ly cd 1260 nhan dinh, 14.600 mdu rugng Nhd on Nguyin Cdng Trii, ngay tir liic dng cdn sdng (1856) nhan dan Kim Son lap "Truy Tu Tir" tai thdn Lac Thien,

Oen tho Nguyen Cdng Tru (xd Quang Thien - Kim Son)

Anh: Vu Due Phuang

< 24

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H SLT V A P H A T T R I E N

tdng Hudng Dao de mimg thg va te sdng dng Khi dng mat "Truy Tu Tir" la din thd Nguyin tudng cdng va cac vi chieu md, nguyen md tdng Hudng Dao Bai van te Nguyin Cdng Trii ciia nhan dan Kim Son do Hoang giap Tam dang Pham Van Nghi soan cd doan:

"Tai hoa Idi lac, thudc nggc khudn vang, van hay vd gidi, trf manh gan ben, ao but tren chdng trudng van, ten chdi lgi dung dau bang hd Ten chii tudng limg danh noi trudng

vd, be trong veo lang ngdt tam kinh Den nam Ky Sim trilu xoia Minh Menh thii 10 nhan chii:c doanh diln khai khan huyen Kim Son gdm 7 tdng, pha hoang bai cd, lap lang dan chdng quan chan biin tay lam, tat saeh ddng chua lam rugng tdt, khac nao trdi dat chuyin van, trilu dinh ban thudng sde phong Due Diic tdn than Tdng huyen nhd on, nha cu Truy

tu xay dung, dii tai dii diic gdm hai, cdng du'c sang ngdi bdn cdi Danh tudng, danh than

la mdt, tieng thom sue niic ngan thu"

Ke sau cudc khai hoang lap ra huyen Kim San (1829) cua Doanh diln sii Nguyin Cdng Trii, nhilu cudc di dan den viing dat mdi cd quy md nhd hon da dugc td chiic Mdt trong nhung ngudi cd cdng dugc nhan dan hai dp Van Hai, Tuy Dinh (Kim San) ghi nhd

la Vu Pham Khai ngudi Yen Mac (Yen Md) Ong td chiic cho con em va ngudi lang ra day lap dp cd hieu qua Nam dng Vii mat (1872) nhan dan ap Tuy Dinh trong bai van vieng dng cd doan: "Cd mdt dilu ma cu xua thudng ndi: Da't cat la dl nudi sdng ngudi Phugng Tri ta cd mdt phdn bai tecu dem ngudi lang va con em ra lap ap, mdt mat de them thue khda cho nha nudc, mdt mat lam noi sinh sdng cho ngudi ciia ta den nay da dat dugc nhilu nam cd cd ket qua Viec dd la nhd cd cdng siic cua cu md mang tir nhilu nam mdi ed dugc Nay cu tuy mat di nhung viec lam cdn dd the la cu khdng mat dau!" Tir cudc khai hoang lap ra huyen Kim San cua Nguyin Cdng Trii, den nay da 168 nam, nhan dan Ninh Binh tien hanh 5 Idn quai de lan bien, da't dai khai khan so vdi trudc day md rdng gap 3 lan, nhilu lang xa dugc thanh lap d viing dat mdi Kim Son Phii sa ldng tu, ket bdi ngay mdt day, dat Ninh Binh ngay mdt tien xa ra bien thi danh saeh cac

vi cd cdng cii nhilu them mai va danh tieng cac vi cOng dugc nhan dan mai mai luu truyin Cdng on cac vi vdi nhan dan noi viing dat mdi khdng hi mai mdt ma ludn dugc tdn siing, ngudi ngudi ndi ddi thd ciing: "Cu mat di nhung viec lam cdn dd the la cu khdng mat dau" va "Nin cdng diic tii dan tung niem" "Tieng thorn sue niic ngan thu",

dd la tie'ng ndi ciia nhan dan Ninh Binh, tam long ciia chiing ta: Ud'ng nudc nhd ngudn, mudn thud ghi an ngudi md dat

Do Trgng Am

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H S U V A P H A T T R I E N

LY SO CAC TRUNG TAM HANH CHINH

D e giiip ban dgc cd them tu lieu tim hieu vl cac don vi hanh chfnh Ninh Binh xua

bai viet xin dugc gidi thieu mdt sd ly sd va kem theo chii thfch vi trf dia ly ciia cac ly sd nay tir thdi Nguyin

• TINH NINH BINH

6 xa Dai Dang (xa Yen Dang, thdi Tran), huyen Yen Khanh, phfa nam niii Hd Thanh, tiic la noi tra'n ly Van Sang cu, dat kho cii thdi Le, qudc trilu budi ddu, cdn la luy da't, luy tre Den ddi Vua Minh Mang nam thii 5 (1824) da cho xay dung, ddp thanh, chu vi 393 trugng 9 thudc, cao 9 tac (nguyen trudc 7 thudc 3 tac, nam thii 15 (1824) mdi them len) Phfa Bdc, thanh chay dai den sdng Thanh cd 3 cira, giira ky dai dung vgng cung, phfa ddng cung la nha mdn tudn phu, phfa tay la nha mdn an sat, phfa bdc

la kho tinh Ninh Binh, phfa ddng nam la dinh lanh binh, trong dinh cd dat sd nguc (nha giam) Ben ngoai thanh, hai mat phfa trudc va ben ta diu cd hao rdng 4 thudc, sau 8 thudc, hai mat phfa sau va ben hiiu cd sdng lam hao Tudng dat ciia mii Hd Thanh chu

vi 13 trugng 8 thudc, 8 tac, cdn chilu cao thi theo the mii, cd chd cao 3 thudc 9 ta'c,

cd chd cao 2 thudc 9 tac (Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien H 2001, 89); Nay la

khu vuc dudi niii Non Nudc, thanh phd Ninh Binh

Thanh tinh d dia phan xa Dai Dang, huyen Yen Khanh Thanh xay bdng gach, chu

vi (d chan thanh) dai 393 trugng 9 thudc, cao 9 tac Cd 3 cira (ddng, tay, nam) Mat sau dua vao mii de lam thanh, trdng xudng la sdng Idn Chu vi tren mat thanh ke ca cac u thanh (nii' tudng) dai 383 trugng 6 thudc (u thanh) cao 1 thudc 9 tac cd 70 id bdn va hoc

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L j C H SLf V A P H A T T R I E N

dat phao (trong dd cd 20 Id Oanh sem phao va Bfch son phao, 5 hdc dat Qua son phao)

y thanh tren dinh mii Hd Thanh chu \ i 13 trugng 8 thudc 8 tac, cao cd chd 3 thudc 9 tac,

cd chd 2 thudc 7 tac, cd 3 Id ban (Oanh son phao va Bfch son phao) Hai mat hao ben trai

va phfa trudc rdng 4 trugng sau 8 thudc Ben phai va phfa sau hai mat nhan theo sdng lam

hao (Dong Khdnh dia duchi H 2002,1013)

• PHU LY YEN KHANH

6 thdn Phiic Am (xua la Phiic Thanh) huyen Yen Khanh Thdi cu d xa Thien Trao,

sau ddi den day, co luy bdng dat, chu vi 62 trugng (Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi kiuio

hien H 2001,89)

Phil ly ddng d xii" Binh Sang, thdn Phiic Am, tdng Yen Dang, huyen Yen Khanh, gan vdi khu dan cu Bdn mat xay tudng dat, phfa ddng dai 19 trugng, phfa tay 18 trugng, phfa nam 14 trugng, phfa bdc 15 trugng Chu \'i cdng 66 trugng, cao 5 thudc, day 4 thudc Ben

ngoai ddng cgc nhgn va trdng tre gai Cd 1 cira tiln (Dong Khdnh dia du chi H 2002,

1017) Nay thudc phudng Phuc Thanh, thanh phd Ninh Bmh

• HUYEN LY GIA VIEN

Nguyen trudc d xa Tuy Hdi, tdng Tri Hdi (nay thudc xa Gia Tan, huyen Gia Viln); khdng cdn dau vet, den nam Gia Long 1 (1820) chuyen vl xa Dai Nhan (cdn ggi la Ddi Nhan) (nay thudc phudng Ninh Khanh, thanh phd Ninh Binh), nIn cu vdn cdn, cd luy da't, chu vi khdng rd Cdn theo "Dai Nam nhat thdng chf thi luy tre, chu vi 58 trugng 4 thudc (233m)

Daong vdo Tom Cd'c

Anh: Tu lieu

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H SU V A P H A T T R I E N

Den nam Tu Diic 27 (1874) ddi huyen ly vl dia phan xa Bd Dinh, tdng Lien Huy

va dat rieng lam ly sd Nho Quan phan phii

Tudng thanh ciia huyen ly Gia Viln va cung la ly sd cua Nho Quan phan phii (chi

cd mdt huyen Gia Viln true thudc) cao 6 thudc (2,8m) mat rdng 2 thudc (0,94m) chan rdng 1 trugng 1 thudc (4,47m): chu vi 65 trugng 6 thudc (262,8m) Phfa trudc (hudng nam) cd mii Bd Dinh va cac mii da khac, ben ta (trai) cd mii Te My, ben hiru (phai) cd

dai sdng Hoang Long (tii'c dia diem huyen ly Gia Viln bay gid) (Ninh Binh todn linh dia

chi khdo bien H 2001, 89 vd bdn ddnh mdy, 19b)

Gia Viln la huyen do phii Yen Khanh thdng hat Huyen ly dat tai xa Ddi Nhan, tdng Da Gia, xung quanh cd xay tudng dat, ddng- tay diu dai 14 trugng, nam bdc dai 14 trugng 1 thudc, chu vi 56 trugng 2 thudc Tudng dat cao 5 thudc, tren rdng 3 thudc, dudi

rdng 6 thudc, ben ngoai trdng tre gai lam thanh luy tre day tdt Cd I cira trudc (Dong

Klidnh dia duchi H 2002, 1028)

• HUYEN LY YEN MO

0 xa Quang Phiic (nay la xa Yen Phong), trudc d xa Tien Hung Den Gia Long nam dau, ddi den xa Lan Khe Ddi vua Minh Mang nam ddu lai ddi den day, ed luy dat chu

vi 28 dam (Ninh Binh loan tinh dia chi khdo bien H 2001, 90)

Huyen ly dat d xa Quang Phiic, tdng Quang Phiic, xung quanh ddp tudng dat, ddng

- tay diu dai 12 trugng, nam - bdc dai 18 trugng, chu vi cdng chung dai 60 trugng Tudng

cao 5 thudc, day 3 thudc, cd 1 cira tiln (Dong Klidnh dia duchi H 2002, 1024) Nay

huyen Yen Md vdn ddng ly sd tai dia diem nay

• HUYEN LY KIM SON

Vdn d xa Quy Hau, tdng Quy Hau, nIn cu vdn cdn, nam Minh Mang 10 (1829) thi dat ra Nam Tu Diic 5 (1852) gdp vao huyen Yen Md, nam thiir 10 (1857) lai dat lam

huyen, cd luy da't, chu vi khdng rd (sdeh Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, 90) Theo

"Dai Nam nhat thdng chf thi luy tre, chu vi 67 trugng 9 thudc (272,2m) (T3,232) Nay thudc thdn Quy Hau, xa Hiing Tien, huyen Kim Son

Sau ddi den bd de thudc dia phan LTnh de (de Hdng LTnh, bdn mat ddp tudng dat,

cao udc 4 thudc rudi, chu vi trdng tre gai, dien tfch huyen ly rdng hang tram mdu (Ninh

Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, hdn ddnh mdy, Tl, 76 (23)

Huyen ly dat tai xdm Quy Hau, tdng Quy Hau (xa Hiing Tien, huyen Kim San) chung quanh ddp tudng dat, hai chilu nam - bdc mdi chilu dai 15 trugng 7 thudc, hai chilu ddng - tay diu dai 17 trugng Chu vi 65 trugng 4 thudc, cao 5 thudc, day 1 trugng, bdn

mat diu cd hao rdng I trugng, sau 3 thudc 3 tac (Dong Khdnh dia duchi H 2002,1032)

• PHU LY NHO QUAN

Nguyen trudc d huyen Lac Thd (thi tran Vu Ban, huyen Lac Son, tinh Hoa Binh bay gid - DCN) Khi Tay Son khdi dinh (1786) ddi ly sd den Phung Hoa (thi tran Nho Quan

bay gid) (Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, bdn ddnh mdy, 26)

Thanh xay theo quy che cu, cd thanh trong va ngoai thanh Thanh trong rdng 3 mdu, chu vi 84 trugng (336m) cao 6 thudc (2.82m), thanh ngoai rdng 3 mdu linh Cd luy da't, hang rao bdng tre xanh, cira thanh diu vl phfa ddng va xay gach, Igp ngdi, tren cira

cd lau Gdn day tu sira ddp them luy mdi Dimg thudc tay (thudc met) de do, ddng - tay diu dai 98m, nam - bdc deu 74m, nu" tudng tren thanh cao Im, day 0,5m Ngoai tudng thanh cd hao, rdng 8m, sau Im d giira md mdt cai lau nhd, cd suong quan canh giir Chd nIn cu San phdng phfa tay nam phii thanh rdng 4 mdu 5 sao, bdn phfa la luy

tre, lap nen vao nam Tu Dire 29 (1876), sau bd (Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien,

hdn ddnh mdy, (81) 31)

Trong thanh cd kho chiia siing dan, cd 100 Ifnh canh giii thanh (Ninh Binh todn

tinh dudia chi khdo bien H 2001, 90)

Phu ly dat d xa Lang Phong, tdng Lang Phong Phfa trudc cd 1 ddng sdng, tir giira ldng sdng (\'l phfa ben kia) thudc vl huyen Gia Viln Hai ben trai va phai (phii ly) diu cd dan d, nha cira ddng diic Phfa sau la rugng sau Thanh trong thanh ngoai diu ddp tudng da't thap nhd, tren mat tudng trdng tre gai rat day, ben ngoai cung trdng tre gai xanh tdt, tren mat thanh trong d 4 gdc ca hai ben ta - hiru mdi gdc dat mdt phao dai Chieu dgc thanh dai

17 tnrong 1 thudc, chilu ngang dai 21 trugng (Dong Klidnh dia duchi.H 2002, 1035)

N I N H B I N H - 1 8 5 N A M L I C H S U V A P H A T T R I E N

• HUYEN LY YEN HOA

Dung nam Minh Mang 17 (1836), den nam Tu Diic 5 (1852) bi gdp vao phii, nam thii: 9 (1856) lai dat lam huyen Trudc ggi la An Hoa vl kieng ten qudc huy nen ddi la An Hoa Huyen ly dat tai xa Kien Phong, ben ta cd sdng Hoa Dl (sdng Kien Phong, tiic sdng Bdi), ben hiru cd niii dat

Huyen ly rdng 5 sao, nha gianh, xung quanh rao tre, mat trudc cd lach nudc (hao),

mat sau la khu dan cu (Ninh Binh todn dnh dia chi khdo bien, bdn ddnh mdy, (81) 31)

Yen Hoa la huyen thdng hat cua phu Nho Quan Huyen ly dat d xa Kien Phong, tdng Bat Mdt Bdn chilu diu rdng 10 trugng, ben ngoai trdng cgc nhgn Ben trai, ben phai va phfa sau la khu dan cu bao quanh Phfa trudc cd mdt nhanh sdng nhd, khi nudc

trilu xudng thi thdng vdi sdng Idn, cd mdt cdu nhd bdc qua sdng (Dong Klidnh dia du

chi H 2002, 1041) Nay thudc thdn Kien Phong, xa Gia Tudng, huyen Nho Quan

• HUYEN LY LAC THO (LAC YEN, YEN LAC)

0 xa Vu Ban (nay la thi tran Vu Ban, huyen Lac San, tinh Hoa Binh) VI tru sd d gan sdng nen thd dan ggi la Kha (Huy)?, nha Minh ddi la Lac Thd, nam Minh Mang 17

(1836) ddi thanh Yen Lac Sau bd (Ninh Binh todn tinh dia chi khdo bien, H 2001, 81)

- Ly sd huyen Lac Yen d Vu Ban: dat tir nam Minh Mang 21 (1840) (Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi T3, 1971,231)

- Ly sd nguyen dat d xa Vu Ban Nam Tu Diic 9 (1856) huyen do phii kiem nhiep

nen bd huyen ly (Dong Khdnh dia duchi H 2002, 1039)

"Hqiong Can" Khu du lich Tom Cd'c Bich Dpng

Anh: Nggc Khanh