Trong tiếng Anh có 3 loại câu điều kiện chính : * Type I : ĐIỀU KIỆN CÓ THỂ XẢY RA ĐƯỢC probable condition 1/ Ý nghĩa : Loại điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả một sự việc có thể xảy ra hoặc [r]
Trang 1/^/ - /a:/
/e/ - /æ/
/d/ - [ɔ:]
/u/ - /u:/
/ә/ - /3:/
/eI/ - /aI/ - /ɔɪ/.
/au/ /әu/
/Iә/ - /eә/ - /uә/
/b/ - /p/
/d/ - /t/
/s/ - /z/
Trang 2/f/ - /v/
/g/ - /k/
/Ө/ - /δ/
/dʒ/ - /∫/
/
II Supplement knowledge
Pronunciation of -s or -es ( present simple/ plural nouns/possessive)
Qui tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với s ‘ ’
I ‘s’ đợc phát âm là /z/ khi đi sau các âm hữu thanh ( trừ 3 âm /z/, d ℑ , ℑ ) Ex: bags/b œ gz/, kids/kidz/, days/deiz/
Hữu thanh: b,d,g,v, z …… , m,n l,r,w,+ toàn bộ nguyên âm
II ’s’ đợc phát âm là/s/ khi đi sau các âm vô thanh (trừ 3 âm: /s/, / ∫ / t∫ )
Ex: bats/b œ ts/, kits/kits/, dates/deits/
Vô thanh: p,t,k,f,h ,s / θ/
III ‘s’ đợc phát âm là/iz/ khi đi sau các âm: /s/, / ∫ / , z/, / d ℑ , ℑ ,
t∫, )
Ex: washes/ /, kisses/kisiz/, oranges/
Exercise : Hóy chọn từ cú phần được gạch dưới cú cỏch phỏt õm khỏc với cỏc từ cũn lại:
Trang 316 A dates B bags C photographs D speaks
Pronunciation of -ed
Qui t¾c c¬ b¶n cña viÖc ph¸t ©m c¸c tõ tËn cïng víi ed ’ ’
1) §éng tõ tËn cïng b»ng ed ® ‘ ’ îc ph¸t ©m lµ /d/ khi ®i sau c¸c ©m h÷u thanh (trõ ©m
d ) VÝ dô: rained /reind/, arrived , explained,
(H÷u thanh : b,d,g,v,m,n,l,r,w …… + toµn bé nguyªn ©m)
2) §éng tõ tËn cïng b»ng ed ® ‘ ’ îc ph¸t ©m lµ /t/ khi ®i sau c¸c ©m v« thanh (trõ ©m t )
VÝ dô: walked, jumped, missed
V« thanh: θ, p,t,k,f,s, ,t , h ƒ ƒ …
3) §éng tõ tËn cïng b»ng ed ® ‘ ’ îc ph¸t ©m lµ /id/ khi ®i sau c¸c ©m d vµ t
VÝ dô: wanted, mended
Hãy chọn từ có phần được gạch dưới có cách phát âm khác với các từ còn lại:
1 A failed B reached C absorbed D solved
III Futher prectice.
Ex Pick out the word whose underlined and bold part is pronounced differently from of the other words
Trang 411 A) occupy B) puppy C) ready D) study
15 A) necessarily B) mechanic C) exception D) apprentice
Trang 562.A) involved B) decided C) explained D) swallowed
IV Homework
Ex Cirlce one word whose underlined part is pronounced differently.
71 A) scientists B) satellites C) Abnormalities D) birthmarks
85.A) intent ion B) quest ion C) act ion D) ment ion
V The key
II Homework
CHUYÊN ĐỀ II:
TENSES
Trang 6The Present Simple Tense
I Basic knowledge: After lesson Sts can know more about present simple
Practice doing exercises.
A PRESENTATION.
I Formation
I / we/ you / they work
He / she / it works
+ After the third singular person, verbs end in -s or -es
E.g She smiles
He works
+ We use do / does to make questions and negative sentences
I / we / you / they don’t work Do I / we / you / they work?
He / she / it doesn’t work Does he / she / it work?
II Uses:
a Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự kiện khoa học hay một hiện tượng tự nhiên.
Ex : Water boils at 100o C.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
b Diễn tả một phong tục, thói quen ở hiện tại, thường có các trạng từ: always, often, usually, sometimes, occasionally, never, generally, forever, rarely, every day/ year/ once/ three times a week/a month,
Ex: We always go to school at 6 a.m.
He often gets up at 5.30.
c Một tình huống, công việc lâu dài, hoặc một chương trình, thời khóa biểu, lịch tàu xe
Ex: I’m a teacher.
He works in a bank.
The train to Ho Chi Minh City leaves at 5.30 am.
There is a football match at 9 p.m on TV tonight.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 It (not rain) in the dry season.
2 My little brother ( drink) milk everyday.
3 The doctor sometimes (return) home late.
4 They often (thank) me for what I do for them.
5 Hang is very good at language She ( speak) five languages very well.
6 All rivers (flow) into the sea.
7 He never (drink) wine or beer.
8 The Olympic Games (take) place every four years.
9 How often she (play) tennis?
10 An interpreter ( translate) one language into another.
IV Homework
V The key:
Exercise 1: 1 does't rain 2 drinks 3 returns 4 thank 5 speaks 6 flow 7 drinks 8 take 9 does she play 10
translates
Trang 7The Present Continuous Tense
I Basic knowledge
1 FORM
- K§: I am + V- ing
She/he/it is + V- ing
We/you/they are + V- ing
Eg: She is reading a book now
- P§: S + be (am/is/are) + not + V- ing
- NV: Be + S + V- ing ?
2 USE
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói hoặc xung quanh thời điểm nói, thường dùng với :
now, right now, at the moment, at present,
Ex: Tom is having dinner at the moment.
What are you doing now?
Be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
Listen! Someone is crying somewhere
- Diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai có kế hoạch trước:
Ex: George is leaving for New York tomorrow.
What are you doing tonight?
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 They ( have) lunch in the cafeteria now.
2 He (write) a novel at present.
3 Look! The bus ( come ).
4 Look! The man ( try) to open the door of your car.
5 Can you hear the people ? What ………they ……….(talk) about?
6 The water (boil) Can you turn it off ?
7 Let’s go out It ( not rain) now.
8 Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you.
9 you (listen) to the radio? No, you can turn it off.
10 Look at the river It ……… (flow) very fast today.
11 Mary (look) for a place to live She ( stay) with her friend now.
12 Why you (look) at me like that? What’s the matter?
The key: 1 are having, 2 is writing, 3 is coming, 4 is trying,5 are talking, 6 is boiling, 7 isn’t raining, 8 is waiting, 9 are listening 10 is flowing, 11.is looking , is staying , 12 are looking
IV Homework
Exercises of The Present Simple Tense and The Present ContinuousExercise 2: Put the verb in the correct form, present continuous or present simple
1 Let’s go out It (not / rain) now
2 Julia is very good at languages She (speak) _ four languages very well
3 Hurry up! Everybody (wait) for you
4 ‘(You / listen) _ to the radio?’ ‘No, you can turn it off.’
Trang 85 ‘(You / listen) _to the radio every day?’ ‘No, just occasionally.’
6 Are you hungry? (You / want) _ something to eat?
7 Jill is interested in politics but she (not / belong) _ to a political party
8 Don’t put the dictionary away I (use) it
9 Don’t put the dictionary away I (need) _it
10 Who is that man? What (he / want) ?
Exercise 3 Choose the best answer to fill in the gaps.
1.She to school everyday.
2.It often in Summer It now.
A.rains/ is raining B.rains/ raining C.rained/ rained D.rain/ is raining 3 She abroad twice a year.
4 Be quiet ! the baby
A to sleep B sleep C is sleeping D slept
5 She seldom before 6:30.
6 Look ! A man after the train He to catch it.
A is running/wants B runs/wants C ran/wanted D.is runing/wants
7 Miss Linh sometimes T.V in the afternoon.
8 I a letter for my friend at the moment.
9 My mother often vegetables at Tam Co market.
10.The plane in the sky.
11 I can't go out because it now.
A rains B is raining C is rainning D rained
12.Please don't make noise I
A am studying B is studying C.studies D studied
Exercise 4: Find the mistake in the following sentences
1 I cook dinner in the kitchen at the moment.
Trang 96 The sun moved around the earth.
The simple past tense
I Basic knowledge
1 Formation
Regular verbs: The past simple of regular verbs ends in -ed
E.g work → worked
help → helpedsmile → smiled
Irregular past forms do not end in - ed.
E.g go → went
cut → cutstand → stood
I / we / you / he/ she / it / they smiled / went
(S + V- ed (regular /irregular )
We use did to make questions and negatives
I / we / you / he / she / it / they didn’t go.
( S + did not + V- infinitive)
Did I / we / you / he / she / it / they work?
(Did + S + V- infinitive)
2 Use:
- Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ với thời gian xác định
Eg: She went shopping with me yesterday afternoon.
Lan wrote a long letter to her sister last night.
- Diễn tả một thói quen hay một công việc lâu dài trong quá khứ: used to + V-infinitive
Eg: They used to play on the swings when they were children.
When I was a student, I always went to the library to borrow books.
- Các trạng từ thường dùng: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year/Christmas, in
1995,
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Trang 10Exercise 1 : What did Nam and Hoa do yesterday? Complete the dialogue using the verbs in the box (some verbs can be used more than once).
go work play tidy have
clean stay win study do
NAM: What did you do yesterday? (1) you to the Youth’s Club?
HOA: Yes, I (2) _ there with Binh.
NAM: (3) you _ table tennis?
HOA: Yes, we (4) We (5) _three matches.
NAM: Binh is a good player He (6) the games, didn’t he?
HOA: Yes, he (7) _ He (8) _ very well What about you? What (9) you _?
NAM: I (10) at home and (11) for the coming exams.
HOA: (12) _you anything else?
NAM: Certainly I (13) the house and (14) _my room.
HOA: Oh! You (15) _very hard yesterday.
IV Homework
V The key:
1 Did you go 2 stayed 3 Did play 4.Did 5 played 6 won 7 did 8 played 9 Did you do 10 stayed 11.studied 12 did you do 13 cleaned 14 tided 15 worked
Exercise 1 : Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense
1 I (meet) Arthur three weeks ago
2 Someone (steal) my handbag on the bus
3 Last month I (be)in the hospital for ten days
4 When he lived in Manchester , he (work) in a bank
5 Miss Lee (write)when she was on holiday
6 Columbus (discover ) America more than 400 years ago
1 We(wait)………a long time for the bus but it(not/come)………
2 That’s a nice shirt Where (you/buy)……… it ?
3 She (see)……… me but she (not/speak)……… to me
4 (it/rain)……….yersterday? ‘No, it was a nice day’
5 That was a stupid thing to do Why (you/do)………it?
The Past Continuous Tense
I Basic knowledge
1 Form.
Eg: He was writing a short story at 9 p.m last night
They were not visiting Ho Chi Minh Museum at 8a.m last Sunday.
Was Jack swimming at this time yesterday?
What were you doing when the light went out?
I/she/he/it + was + V- ing
Trang 11We/you/they + were + V- ing
Eg: I was watching a football match on T.V at 8 o'clock last night.
- Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ (QKTD) thì một hành động khác xảy ra (quá khứ đơn)
Eg: I was having dinner when he came.
When I saw her yesterday, She was having breakfast.
- Diễn tả hai hoặc nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời tại cùng một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Eg: At 8p.m yesterday, Mary was watching TV while Tom was reading a newspaper.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 Yesterday while I was attending a sale meeting, Mathew (work) _ on the company annual report.
2 Andy (come) _ out of the restaurant when he (see) _ Jenny yesterday.
3 Lan (leave) _ her office when I passed there.
4 They (play) _ happily when it started to rain.
5 Huong (send) her friend a letter at 10 a.m yesterday morning.
6 ‘What _ (you / do) this time yesterday?’ ‘I was asleep.’
7 Jane wasn’t at home when I went to see her She ………(work),
Homework
Exercises of The Past Simple Tense and Past Continuous Tense
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
5 I ………(get) up early this morning I ………(wash)
………(drees) and then I ……… (have) breakfast
6 The postman ……… (come) while I ………(have) breafast
7 We………(meet) Joan at the party She ………(wear) a red dress
8 The boys……… (break) a windon when they ……….(play) football
9 I was late but my friends ……… (wait) for me when I ………(arrive)
10 I ………(get) up at 7 o’ clock The sun……… (shine), so I
……….(go) for a walk
11 He……… (not/drive) fast when the accident……….(happen)
12 Margaret ………(not/go) to work yesterday She was ill
13 ‘what……… (you/do) on Saturday evening? ‘ ‘I went to the cinema.’
14 ‘ what……… (you/do) at 9.30 on Saturday evening?’
‘ I ……….(watch) a film in the cinema.’
Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 He (sit) in a bar when I (see) him.
2 When I (go) out , the sun (shine)
3 The boy (fall) down while he (run)
4 When the war (begin) we (live) in Paris.
5 The light (go) out while I (have) tea.
6 My friend (read) newspaper when I (come) into the room.
7 You (wear) your new hat when I (meet) you yesterday.
Trang 128 When the phone (ring) , I (have) a bath.
9 When I (arrive) at his house, he still (sleep)
10 The boy (jump) off the bus while it (move)
11 It (rain) this morning when I (get) up.
12 Jane (wait) for me when I (arrive)
13 What you (do) this time yesterday.
14 .you (go) out last night? No, I was tired.
15 When I was young, I (want) to be a bus driver.
Exercise 4 Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
26 Who were you talking to on the telephone as I in?- I to Mr Bill.
A come/talk B came/was talking C came/talked D was coming/was talking
27 I a cake when the light went out I to finish it in the dark.
A was making/had B make/have C made/had D have made/have
28 He was very polite Whenever his wife entered the room he up.
A stands B was standing C standing D stood
29 They Nong Tien Bridge in 1995.
A was building B was built C built D had built
30 I to school yesterday.
A didn’t go B don’t go C wasn’t going D doesn’t go
31 Tung at home last night.
32 He this film when he was 15 years old.
33 your mother at Tan Trao school in 1982?
A Was/teaching B Had/taught C Did/teach D Did/taught
34 At 7 a.m Last Sunday my friends some cakes in the kitchen.
A were making B was making C made D had made
35 I a student in 1998
The Present Perfect Tense
I Basic knowledge
1 Formation:
Examples: (+) Nam has lived in Hanoi for 10 years
(-) I have not found my door keys yet.
(?) Have you ever met him before? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
(?) What have you just done?
K§: I/we/you/they + have + V (p.p)/=V3
She/he/it + has + V (p.p)/=V3
P§: I/we/you/they + have not + V (p.p)/=V3
She/he/it + has not + V (p.p)/=V3
NV: have + I/we/you/they + V (p.p)/=V3?
has + She/he/it + V (p.p)/=V3?
2 Usage:
Trang 13- Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động vừa mới xảy ra, vừa mới kết thúc, thờng đi với trạng từ “just”
eg We have just bought a new car.
- Thì HTHT diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu từ quá khứ , còn kéo dài đến hiện tại và có khả năngtiếp tục ở tơng lai
eg You have studied English for five years.
- Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động xaỷ ra trong quá khứ mà không biết rõ thời gian
eg I have gone to Hanoi.
- Thì HTHT diễn tả hành động đợc lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần ở quá khứ
eg We have seen Titanic three times.
- Thì HTHT dùng sau những từ so sánh ở cấp cao nhất.( trong lời bình phẩm)
eg It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.
- Thì HTHT dùng với This is the first/ second time, it’s the first time
eg This is the first time I ve lost’ my way
-Thì HTHT dùng với This morning/ This evening/ Today/ This week/ This term Khi nhữngthời gian này vẫn còn trong lúc nói
eg I haven t seen’ Loan this morning Have you seen her?
II Supplement knowledge
Note : - Gone to khác với Been to
eg Marry has gone to Paris(đang ở hoặc đang trên đờng đến Pari)
Marry has been to Paris(đã đến nhng bây giờ không còn ở Pari)
1 Adverbs : - just, recently, lately :gần đây, vừa mới
- ever :đã từng
- never :cha bao giờ
- already :rồi
- yet: cha (dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn)
- since :từ khi( chỉ thời điểm mà hành động bắt đầu)
- for : khoảng(chỉ khoảng thời gian của hành động )
- so far =until now =up to now =up to the present :
**Thì HTHTTD : S + have been + Ving Sử dụng tơng tự thì HTHT nhng muốn nhấn mạnh tính liên tụccủa hành động
eg You have been learning English for 5 years.
III Futher prectice.
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1 ’ Are they still having dinner?’ ‘No, they (finish)……….’
2 I (buy )………some new shoes Do you want to see them?
3 ‘ Is Tom here’ ‘No, he (go )……….to work.’
4 ………you……… the shopping?( do) ‘No, I’m going to do it late.’
5 ‘Where ‘s your key?’ ‘I don’t know I (lose )………it?
6 Look!Somebody (break )………that widow
7 Your home looks different………you……….it? (paint)
8 I can’t find my umbrella Somebody (take )……… it
9 I’m looking for Sarah Where……… she………?( go)
10 ‘ Do you want the newspaper?’ ‘No, thanks, I(read )……….it?
1 My mother _ (teach) at Tan Trao High School since 1990.
2 He already _ (be) in Ho Chi Minh City twice.
3 All the students in our class (study) harder recently.
4 It is the second time we (visit) Ho Chi Minh’s Mausoleum.
5 you (feed) the cat yet? No, I _ (not do) it.
6 English _ (be) popular all over the world for a very long time.
7 She (earn) her living since she graduated from university.
8 What they just _ (do)?
9 We (not finish) our homework yet.
10 It _ (rain) a lot this summer
Trang 14The Past Perfect Tense
I Basic knowledge
1 Formation:
Examples:
(+) By the end of 1999, Tom had lived in Hanoi for 5 years.
(-) We had not done anything about it before the problem was solved.
(?) Had you finished all the work before you left the office? Yes, I had./ No, I hadn’t.
* Why hadn’t you finished your homework before you went to bed?
(+) S + had + V (past participle) (-) S + had not (hadn’t)+ V (past participle).
(?) Had + S + V (past participle) ?
* Wh- + had + S + V (past participle) ?
2 Usage:
2.1 The Past Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening before a specific point of time in the past.
Eg: He had worked in that company for 5 years before 1995.
They had left before 5 o’clock.
2.2 The Past Perfect Tense is used to express an action happening before a past action.
Eg: She had known the news before I told her about it.
The train had gone when we arrived the station.
2.3 The Past Perfect Tense is used in conditional sentences type 3 in if clauses.
Eg: If I had known that she was in hospital, I would have come to visit her.
If you had worked hard, you would have passed the examination.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercise1 : Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1 Why hadn’t you _ me about the problem before it got worse?
A told B tell C had told D telling
2 The live show _ half an hour before we came.
A had been starting B had started C was started D had been started.
3 He _ in Hai Phong before they sent him to Hanoi.
A have been working B has worked C had worked D had been living
4 I had stayed with them for 2 years _ they moved away.
A after B since C until D before
5 He wouldn't have been in hospital if he _ more carefully.
A drives B drove C had driven D was driving
IV Homework
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense
1 I (see) a car accident while I (wait ) for you on this corner yesterday.
2 Mr John (be) principal of our school since last year.
3 Mr Smith (teach) at this school since he (graduate)in 1980.
Trang 154 Up to now , the teacher (give) our class five tests.
5 I (meet) Arthur three weeks ago.
6 Yesterday the police (report) that they (capture) the thief.
7 My friend (thank) me for what I had done for him
8 Someone (steal) my handbag on the bus.
9 Last month I (be)in the hospital for ten days.
10 Don ' t call me in the afternoon I usually (be)away in the afternoon.
11 Mr Clark (be ) in New York 2 months ago Mr Rossi (be)in New York until 2 months ago.
12 John (drive) that car ever since I (know)him.
13 People (speak)English in most of Canada.
14 Up to then I never (see) such a fat man.
15 I (not see) him since last Monday.
16 She (play) the piano when our guests (arrive)last night.
17 He (come) and (see) you soon.
18 My mother (come ) to stay with us next weekend.
19 We (not live) in England for 2 years now.
20 Our teacher (tell) us yesterday that he (visit) England in 1970.
21 When he lived in Manchester , he (work) in a bank.
22 My mother (not smoke) for 5 years.
23 My teacher wasn ' t at home when I (arrive) He (just go )out.
24 Tom (study )chemistry many years and then he gave it up.
25 Miss Lee (write)when she was on holiday.
26 When the teacher came in , the pupils (play) games.
27 Columbus (discover ) America more than 400 years ago.
28 Bill said he (forget) to buy a dictionary.
29 we (not see ) them for a long time.
30 It (rain) when we arrived.
V The key
Exercise 2: Find the mistake in the following sentences
1 We are probably going to go to Scotland this summer.
A B C D
Trang 162 Do you think Mary is going to get the job?
Exercise 3:Put the verbs in brackets into correct tense(The simple past or The Past perfect).
1.We (thank) him for what he (do) for us.
2.I (be sorry) that I (hurt) him.
3.He ( die ) after he ( be ) ill a long time.
4.It ( rain) yesterday after it ( be) dry for many months.
5.You ( post) the letter after you ( write ) it.
6.She (tell) me her name faster I ( ask) her twice.
7.He ( ask) why we ( come) so early.
8.We ( ask ) him what countries he ( visit)
9.We ( see ) clearly that we ( take) the wrong way.
10When we ( arrive) the dinner ( begin)
11.Before we ( go ) very far, we (find) that we ( lose) our way 12.I ( read ) the book after I ( finish) my work.
13.Why you (not go ) to the doctor after I ( tell) you to?
14.The river( become ) deeper after it ( rain) heavily.
15.He (tell) us that he ( go ) to the seaside for a holiday.
keys
1 thanked/ had done 8 asked/ had visited
2 saw sorry/ had hurt 9 saw/ taken
4 rained/ had been 11 had gone/ found/ lost
5 posted/ had written 12 read/ had finished
6 told/ had asked 13 didn’t go/ had told
Exercise 4:Find out the underlined part of each sentence that needs correction
1 This time last week I were staying in Ho Chi Minh city.
Trang 176 Did you met anyone interesting at the party last night?
Một câu điều kiện có hai mệnh đề : mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện (tức mệnh đề phụ) còn được gọi là
mệnh đề có if (If-clause) và mệnh đề chỉ kết quả còn được gọi là mệnh đề chính (main clause).
- If he works harder, he will succeed in his examination.
(if-clause) (main clause)Chúng ta cũng có thể đặt mệnh đề chính ở đầu câu :
- He will succeed in his examination if he works harder.
Trong tiếng Anh có 3 loại câu điều kiện chính :
* Type I : ĐIỀU KIỆN CÓ THỂ XẢY RA ĐƯỢC (probable condition)
1/ Ý nghĩa : Loại điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả một sự việc có thể xảy ra hoặc không thể
xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai; nhưng chúng ta có nhiều hy vọng nó xảy ra
2/ Thì của động từ :
If- clause Main clause
Simple present
Simple future (shall / will + verb)
- If the rain stops, we shall go for a walk.
- He will come if you call him.
* Ngoài ra chúng ta còn có thể dùng các động từ khiếm khuyết như : CAN, MUST, MAY
… để thay cho shall hoặc will ở mệnh đề chính
- If you ask me, I can help you.
- You must study harder if you want to pass the coming exam.
* Mệnh đề chính có thể là một mệnh lệnh hoặc thỉnh cầu :
- Come to me if you need help.
- If you have time, perfect your English.
* Type II : ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÔNG CÓ THẬT Ở HIỆN TẠI (Present- unreal Con)
1/ Ý nghĩa : Loại điều kiện này diễn tả một điều kiện khó có thể xảy ra hay một sự việc
không thực hiện được ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
2/ Thì của động từ :
Trang 18If-clause Main clause
Past Subjunctive
(Quá khứ giả định)
Present Conditional ( Should / would + verb)
- If I had a lot of free time, I would go swimming.
(= I haven’t got free time, so I won’t go swimming)
- If Tom were here, he would know the answer.
(= Tom isn’t here, so he doesn’t know the answer.)
- I would call him if I knew his number.
(= I don’t know his number, so I won’t call him)
* Quá khứ giả định là hình thức quá khứ đơn của các động từ, ngoại trừ động từ “to be” chỉ
có một hình thức WERE cho tất cả các ngôi.
* COULD, MIGHT… có thể được dùng để thay thế cho should hay would.
- If John worked hard, he could pass his exam.
* Type III : ĐIỀU KIỆN KHÔNG CÓ THẬT Ở QUÁ KHỨ (Past-unreal Condition) 1/ Ý nghĩa : Loại điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả một điều kiện hoàn toàn không thực hiện
được hoặc không xảy ra trong quá khứ
2/ Thì của động từ :
If-clause
Main clause
- If he had had a lot of money, he would have bought a bigger house.
- I would have taken you to the movie if you had come to see me yesterday.
II Supplement knowledge
* “If” có thể được lược bỏ đi nếu có sự đảo ngữ (thường được dùng trong hình thức nhấn
mạnh)
- Were I rich, I would help you.
(= If I were rich, I would help you.)
- Had he known the truth, he would have been very angry.
(= If he had known the truth, he would have been very angry)
* Ngoài liên từ “if” ra, câu điều kiện còn được bắt đầu bằng các liên từ khác như : suppose,
supposing that (giả sử như), on the condition that (với điều kiện là), as long as, so long as, provided that (miễn là), in case (trong trường hợp) , even if ( ngay cho là)
- As long as you return the book by Saturday, I will lend it to you with pleasure.
* Hai tiếng có nghĩa phủ định : unless (trừ phi) = if not , but for (nếu không)
- He won’t come unless you call him.
(= He won’t come if you don’t call him.)
- But for the storm, he would have arrived much earlier.
III Futher prectice.
Exercise 1: Rewrite the sentences , using conditional clauses.
1/ I (do) if I (have) time
- I will do it if I have time (type 1)
- I would do it if I had time (type 2)
- I would have done it if I had had time (type 3)
2/ If she (not try), she (not succeed)
Trang 193/ If I (see) her, I (tell) her
4/ (You do) it if I (ask) you ?
5/ If I (be) ill, I (stay) at home
6/ What (you do) if the bus (not come)
7/ I (be) sorry if she (leave)
8/ I (not stay) in this job if I (can find) another one
10/ It (not bite) you unless you (move)
11/ We (go) out unless it (stop) snowing
IV Homework
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.
1/ If I (have) a typewriter, I could type it myself
2/ If I had known that you were in hospital , I (visit) you
3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) class regularly.4/ If I (know) his telephone number, I would give it to you
5/ If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat
Trang 206/ If he (study) harder, he can pass an exam.
7/ She may be late if she (not hurry)
8/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) him
9/ If you (speak) more slowly,he might have understood you
10/ What (you do) if you got fat ?
Exercise 2: Choose the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that need correct.
1 I would have driven to work if I had a car
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences using the conditional sentence type 2
1 She doesn’t finish her homework so she gets a bad mark
1 If she finished her homework, she wouldn’t get a bad mark
2.If he had enough money, he could buy a dictionary
3 If you don’t water these plants, they will die
4.If it didn’t rain, he wouldn’t come to the class late
5.If you try hard, you can pass the exam
Exercise 1: Choose from the four options given ( marked A, B, C, and D) one best answer to complete each sentence by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D.
1 I will never talk to you again you apologize me your being so rude
Trang 212 If today yesterday, I never talk to him that way.
3 Technology will continue to develop we think that is a good thing for our society or not
4 We’ll go into the semi-finals if we manage Friday’s match
5 I to work if I had a car
6 If the weather good, we will have lunch outside
7 If I that Greg wanted to get of early, I would have broken him up
8 If you had had breakfast, you hungry
A would have been B would be C wouldn’t have been D will be
9 Where would you like to livein Vietnam if you choose?
10 If the company offer me a job, I think I it
11 If he harder, he would have passed the exam
12 If she were in your position, she advise you
A would be able to B would be able in C would have been able to D will be able to
13 She would have suceed in his job if his father him
14 If it rained, the match
A will be cancelled B would be cancelled C would have been cancelled D would be cancelled
15 If the driver in front so suddenly, the accident wouldn’t have happened
16 Liz would go out in the evening if she a car
17 If he didn’t drink too much, he to me
A would quarre to me B wouldn’t quarrel to me
C would have quarreled to me D will quarrel to me
18 Unless you pass the examination, you a chance to study at the University
Trang 22A can’t have B could have C couldn’t have D couldn’t have had
19 If I could speak Spanish, I next year studying in Mexico
20 If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy
A might be saved B might have been saved C was saved D have been saved
Exercise 2: Cirle one underlined word or phrase that must be charged in order for the sentence
Passive voice of Simple present and Simple past
I Passive voice of Simple present:
A Form:
Hiện tại đơn
(Present simple)
S + V(e/es) + O Tom helps the girl
Be(am,is,are) + PP The girl is helped by Tom
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercise 1: Change these sentences into Passive voice
1 Tom delivers the mail every day
……….
2 Mr John manages the export division
Trang 23II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercise: Change these sentences into Passive voice
11 Fire destroyed that house
Trang 24I Basic knowledge
Passive voice of present progressive and past progressive
Passive voice of present progressive:
Form:
Hiện tại tiếp diễn
(Present progressive)
Be(am,is,are) + V-ing Tom is helping the girl
Be(am,is,are) + being + PP The girl is being helped by Tom.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercises: Change these sentences into Passive voice
21.For the time being, Alice is teaching that group
22.John is calling the other members
23.The company is developing a new procedure
24.Who are they keeping in the kitchen?
………
25.What books are people reading this year ?
………
29 Mary is cutting the cake with sharp knife
He was being given a present.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Trang 25Exercises: Change these sentences into Passive voice
31.Martha was delivering the documents to the department
32.A french architect was designing the palace
……… 33.Mr Brown was writing the report at 8 p.m yesterday
Have/has + been + PP The girl has been helped by Tom
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercises: Change these sentences into Passive voice
41 Beth has finished the report
Trang 26Had + been + PP The car had been clearned before I came.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercises: Change these sentences into Passive voice
51.The delegates had received the information before the recess
Will/shall + be + PP The room will be cleaned
II Supplement knowledge
Trang 27III Futher prectice.
Exercises: Change these sentences into Passive voice
60 John will receive the papers tomorrow
Be(am,is,are) + going to + be + PP
A birthday party is going to be given next Sunday.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercises: Change these sentences into Passive voice
70 John is going to call the other members
71 The company is going to develop a new procedure
Trang 28Modal verb + bare infinitive.
e.g:He can speak English.
Modal verb + be + PP e.g:English can be spoken.
II Supplement knowledge
III Futher prectice.
Exercise1: Change these sentences into Passive voice.
78.How can they open this safe?
……… 79.You ought to water these plants once a week.
……… 80.They may discuss the problems again
……… 81.You should place matches out of reach of children.
………
82.They can gain nothing without effort.
……… 83.People must conserve natural resources
………
Exercise 2: Choose the underlined word or phrase in each sentence that need correcting.
112 The new school will be open soon by the local government
Trang 29114 A new hospital is being build in town
A B C D
115 The man were being questioned by the police then.
A B C D
Exercise 3: Choose the sentence which is closest in meaning to the original one.
116 They cancelled all flights because of fog.
A All flights were because of fog were cancelled.
B All flight were cancelled because of fog.
C All flight were because of fog cancelled.
D All flights were cancelled by them of fog.
117 They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.
A The meeting because of illness had to be postponed.
B The meeting had to because of illness be postponed.
C The meeting had to postponed by them because of illness.
D The meeting had to be postponed because of illness
upload.123doc.net They are building a new highway around the city.
A.A new highway around the city is being built.
B.A new highway is being built around the city by them.
C.A new highway is being built around the city
D Around the city a new highway is being built.
119 They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
A You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview
B You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them.
C A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview.
D A lot of questions will be asked at the interview.
120 They have built a new hospital near the airport.
A.A new hospital near the airport has been built.
B.A new hospital has been built near the airport by them.
C.A new hospital has been built near the airport.
D Near the airport a new hospital has been
121 My father gives me a new shirt
A A new shirt is given me by my father.
B A new shirt is give me by my father.
C A new shirt is given by me my father.
D A new shirt are given me by my father.
122 A new hat is bought by Lan
A Lan buys a new hat.
B Lan buy a hat new.
C Lan bought a new hat.
D Lan is bought a new hat.
123 People speak English everywhere.
A English was spoken everywhere.
B English was speak everywhere.
C English is spoken everywhere.
D English is speaks everywhere.
124 They drink much wine.
A Much wine are drunk by them.
B Much wine is drank by them.
C Much wine is drunk by them.
D Much wine is drink by them.
V The key
Trang 301 The mail is delivered every day by Tom.
2 The export division is managed by Mr John.
3 Our exercises are corrected by the teacher.
4 The president is called every day by somebody
5 Where is English spoken ?
6 The riverbank is covered by weeds
7 Milk is used for making butter and cheese
8 English is spoken in almost every corner of the world by the people
9 a lot of money are spent on advertising everyday by the people
10 His story is believed by anyone
II
11.That house was destroyed by fire
12.The lecture was attended by the students
13.We were disappointed by the movie very much.
14.The thief was captured by the police easily.
15.The money was returned by John last night
16 The room was filled with smoke.
17 That book was taken from the desk by Bob.
18 a dancing class was started last week by them.
19 the accident was seen by Mr.Smith
20 our written work was returned to us by the teacher
III.
21.For the time being, that group is being taught by Alice.
22.The other members is being called by John.
23.A new procedure is being developed by the company.
24.Who is being kept in the kitchen.
25.What books are people being read this year.
26 The cows are being milked by Nam
27 The car is being washed by my father
28 A cup of tea is being drunk by Sheila
29 The cake is being cut with sharp knife by Mary
30 The mail is being devivered by the mailman
IV.
31.The documents were being delivered to the department by Martha 32.The palace was being designed by a french architect.
33.The report was being written at 8 p.m yesterday by Mr Brown.
34.Who were those windows being painted?
35 All the workers of the plant were being instructed by the chef engineer
36 Dinner was not being eaten by them
37 The gate was being painted by us
38 He was not being driven home by me
39 The dogs were being fed by him
40 Were these lines being read by her?
V.
Trang 3141.The report has been finished by Beth.
42.My briefcase has been taken.
43.The report has been finished at noon.
44.Five suspects have been arrested by the police.
45 The bill has been paid by Kerrie
46 A hamburger has been eaten by me
47 The present has been opened by me
48 The book has not been read by them
49 The parcel has not been sent by me
50 Has he been phoned by her?
VI.
51.The information had been received before the recess by the delegates.
52 His home work had been finished before she came.
53 The passage had been written.
54.Trees had been planted.
55 I know that he had been told of the meeting by them
56 A fight had been started by them
57 The window had not been closed.
58 The paper had not been bought by them.
59 Had the problem been solved by her?
VII.
60.The papers will be received tomorrow by John.
61.Mr Watson will be called tonight.
62.The cake will be eaten by Barbara.
63.A new bridge will be built near my house next year.
64.The road will be widened to our village.
65 The meeting will be held before May day by them
66 A new computer will be bought by Jane
67 The museum will be visited by million people
68 The contact will be signed by our boss
69 He will not be asked by then
VIII.
70.The other members are going to be called by John.
71.A new procedure is going to be developed by the company.
72.Trees are going to be planted here.
73.This house is going to be sold by my mother.
74.The room is going to be decorated next week (by them)
75 A story is going to be told by her
76 A lesson is going to be given by the teacher
77 A new car is going to be bought by them next month.
78.How can this safe be opened?
79.These plants ought to be watered once a week.
80.The problems may be discussed again.
81.Matches should be placed out of reach of children.
82.Nothing can be gained without effort.
Trang 3283.Natural resources must be conserved.
2 Parrots and crows The most intelligent birds.
A were considering B are considered
3 I still can’t believe! My bicycle last night.
4 Mary traffic accidents by dangerous driving.
A cause B caused C are caused D which are caused.
5 Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan.
C have manufactured D are manufacturing
6 Grass by fat cows on the green meadow
7 So much progress That there may be space-frights to Mars
8 Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs like cleaning and decorating by computer-control robots.
9 English since 2002.
A have been learned B has been learnt
10 Your bill should before you leave the hotel.