You can tell Tom what I said but he mustn’t tell anybody else. Caâu ñeà nghò: Can you …. - Töø coù 2 aâm tieát : danh töø vaø tính töø nhaän ôû aâm tieát thöù nhaát, ñoäng töø nhaän ôû a[r]
Trang 1Tiết 1ÔN LẠI CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (tiết 1)Part 1: TENSES (thì)
1 The Simple Present: (Thì hiện tại đơn)
a Form: (Công thức)
- Khẳng định : I , We , You , They … (S nhiều ) + V1 He , She , It ( S ít ) + V- s / es
- Phủ định : I , We , You , They + don't + V1 He , She , It … + doesn't + V1
- Nghi vấn : Do + We , You , They + V1 … ? Does + He , She , It … + V1 … ?
b Usage: (Cách dùng)
- Diển tả một chân lí, một sự thật hiển nhiên
Ex : The Earth goes round the sun He is a doctor Tom comes from England
- Diển tả 1 thói quen hoặc 1 việc xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại (always, often = usually,
sometimes = now and then, seldom, rarely, never, every .) dùng để nhận biết.
Ex : He often goes to class late My mother gets up early every morning
Note : Thêm – es vào sau những động từ tận cùng : o , s , x ,z ,sh , ch.
2 The Present Continuous: (Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn)
a Form:
- Khẳng định : S + am / is / are + V(ing)
- Phủ định : S + am / is / are + (not) + V(ing)
- Nghi vấn : Are / Is / Am + S + V(ing) … ?
Ex: We are studying English now.
b Usage: (Cách dùng)
- Diển tả một hành động đang tiếp diễn ở thời điểm nói (ở hiện tại)
* Dấu hiệu nhận biết : now, right now = at once, at (the / this / present ) time, at the moment, Ra
lệnh ( Look! Listen ! )
Ex : She is listening to his teacher now
- Diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai (có kế hoạch từ trước)
Ex : She is getting married next year.
Note: Be going to + V1 dùng để diển tả 1 hành động sắp xảy ra mà hiện tượng của nó đã xuất
hiện hoặc 1 hành động tương lai có dự định trước
Ex: The grey dark appears It is going to rain
3 The Present Perfect: (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
a Form:
- Khẳng định : S + has / have + V3,ed
- Phủ định : S + has / have + (not) + V3,ed
- Nghi vấn : Has / Have + S + V3,ed ?
b Usage: (Cách dùng)
- Diển tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra hoặc xảy ra không rõ thời gian (thường đi kèm với các từ
just, recently = lately, not yet, ever, never, already)
Ex
: We haven’t finished our homework yet
- Diển tả 1 hành động: Bắt đầu từ quá khứ kéo dài đến hiện tại có khả năng tiếp tục ở tương lai
(thường đi với các từ since , for )
Ex : They have lived here for ten years
- Ngoài ra còn có một số cụm từ chỉ thời gian như : so far = until now = up to now ,how long ? It is the first / second / third … time, twice / many / three… times.
Note : For (many, several, 2, 3 / + times, years, months or a long time = ages) and since (last
week )
Trang 24 The Simple Past: (Thì quá khứ đơn)
a Form:
- Khẳng định : S + V2,ed … ( Tobe : was / were )
- Phủ định : S + did + not + V1 …
- Nghi vấn : Did + S + V1 … ?
b Usage : Diển tả hành động đã xảy ra, chấm dứt trong quá khứ (đôi khi biết rõ thời gian) thường có
các từ đi kèm : yesterday, ago, last (week /night … ), in 1990 (thời gian ở quá khứ)
Note : Thói quen ở quá khứ và thói quen ở hiện tại.
- Always, often = usually + V2,ed = used to + V1 hoặc was / were / got used to + Ving (quá khứ)
Ex : I always came here for my summer holiday
- Always, often = usually + V1 / s,es = am,is,are / get used to + Ving ( hiện tại)
Ex : I always come here for my summer holiday
Tiết 2ÔN LẠI CÁC THÌ TRONG TIẾNG ANH (tiết 2)
5 The Past Continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)
a Form:
- Khẳng định : S + was / were + Ving
- Phủ định : S + was / were + not + Ving
- Nghi vấn : Was / were + S + Ving … ?
Ex: We were studying Maths at this time yesterday
b Usage:
- Diển tả một hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex : What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday?
- Diển tả 1 hành động đang xảy ra vào 1 thời điểm xác định ở quá khứ hoặc 1 hành động đang xảy(hành động này kéo dài hơn) thì có hành động khác xen vào
Ex: What were you doing at 4 p.m yesterday? We were watching television when he came
- Diển tả 2 hành động đang xảy ra cùng lúc ở quá khứ
Ex: Yesterday, while I was reading a book, my sister was watching T.V.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết : at (the / this / that) time, at the moment, at 4 p.m + thời gian ở quá khứ(yesterday, last) Ex : He was watching film at the moment yesterday.
6 The Past perfect: (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)
a Form:
- Khẳng định : S + had + V3,ed
- Phủ định : S + had + not + V3,ed
- Nghi vấn : Had + S + Ved, 3 … ?
b Usage: Diển tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong quá khứ hoặc trước 1 thời điểm
ở quá khứ
Ex
: When he got up this morning, my mother had already left
Dấu hiệu nhận biết: before, after, when
7 The simple future: (Thì tương lai đơn)
a Form :
- Khẳng định : S + shall / will + V1
- Phủ định : S + shall / will + not + V1
- Nghi vấn : Shall / will + S + V1 … ?
Trang 3b Usage: Diển tả hành động sẽ xảy ra ở tương lai : tomorrow, next (week / month ) ………… , in 2010
8 The Perfect Future: (Tương lai hoàn thành)
a Form :
- Khẳng định : S + will + have + V3,ed
- Phủ định : S + will + not + have + V3,ed
- Nghi vấn : Shall / will + S + have + V3, ed … ?
Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of …… Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike.
Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ……….) không dùng thì tương lai mà chỉ dùng thì hiện tại đơn
Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week.
THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME
1 When:
- When / by the time + S + V1 / Vs , es , S + V1 / Vs, es (often, usually, always)
S + will + V1 (sẽ xảy ra : next, tomorrow)
S + will + have + V3,ed (just, already, for + time)
Ra lệnh : V1
Ex : When / by the time he comes, he will have taken a break for 15 minutes
Remind me when I forget
- When + S + V2/ ed , S + V2/ ed (2 chủ từ giống nhau)
S + was / were + Ving (2 chủ từ khác nhau / hành động diển ra lâu hơn)
S + had + V3,ed (just, already, for + time / hành động xảy ra trước)
Ex : When we came, they were dancing
When we came, we saw many people there
When I got home, everybody had gone to bed
2 While:
- While S + (am / is / are) + V-ing, S + V1 / V(s, es) (often, usually, always)
- While S + (was / were) + V-ing, S + (was / were) + Ving (2 hành động đồng thời xảy ra ở QK)
S + V2,ed
3 Before + S + V2/ ed , S + had + V3,ed and After + S + had + V3,ed , S + V2/ ed
4 Since + S + V2/ ed, S + have / has + V3,ed
Note : - Before he went to bed, he had brushed his teeth.
- After I finish my homework, I will watch TV (Hiện tại)
TRANSFORMATION OF VERBS (Biến đổi động từ)
1 S + have / has (not) + V3,ed + (O) for / since + time Ex : I have not met him for 3 years
The last time + S + V2/ ed was time ago ………
2 S + started / began / came + V –ing / to – V1 / N + time ago
S + has / have + V3,ed + since / for + time
S + has / have + been + Ving + since / for + time
Ex
: I started working here 2 months ago ………
Tiết 3BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM VỀ CÁC DẠNG THÌ Ở TRÊN
1/ Mother ……… some food in the kitchen at present She always cooks in the morning
2/ My father ………… coffee for breakfast every morning
Trang 43/ Nam ……… no trouble with my English lesson up to now.
4/ They ……… home after they ………… their work
A/ went/had finished B/ went/finished C/ had gone/finished D/ had gone/ had finished5/ They ……… a lot of preparations before the match started
6/ Mr Brown ……… a driver for three years, from 1996 to 1999
7/ Doris ……… Paris three times so far
A/ has visited B/ is visiting C/ visits D/ visited
8/ Mary was doing her homework when the telephone suddenly ………
A/ was ringing B/ rings C/ has rung D/ rang
9/ The little boy has lived in misery since his father ………
A/ has died B/ was died C/ died D/ is died
10/ When ……… your first daughter born?
11/ ……… you met him recently?
12/ What ……… they doing in the garden?
13/ How often ……… the Olympic Games held?
14/ ……… you ever spoken to a famous person?
15/ What ……… doing at nine o'clock yesterday evening?
A/ did Peter B/ were Peter C/ was Peter D/ Peter was
16/ I didn't hear the phone because I ……… a shower when it rang
A/ was having B/ had C/ have had D/ were having
17/ I'm sorry Mrs Johnson hasn't ………
A/ arrived already B/ arrived yet C/ arrived just D/ already arrived
18/ I ……… to Manchester twice this month
A/ have gone B/ have been C/ was going D/ went
19/ My cousin and his wife ……… visit us next weekend
A/ are going B/ will to C/ going to D/ are going to
20/ ……… Tom Cruise’s last movie? – Yes, I ……… it three days ago
A/ Have you ever seen / saw C/ Did you ever see / have seen B/ Had you ever seen / had seen D/ Did you ever see / saw
21/ I ……… a terrible accident while I ……… on the beach
A/ see / am walking C/ saw / was walking
A/ are sleeping B/ have slept C/ sleep D/ were sleeping 23/ Lan as well as her brothers ……… to our hometown for ten years
A/ doesn’t return B/ didn’t return C/ hasn’t returned D/ haven’t returned24/ I’ll help you with your homework as soon as I ……….my own
25/ My family and I ………… to Mexico by air last summer
26/ They went home after they ……… their work
27/ He had done nothing before he ……… me
Trang 5A/ sees B/ saw C/ has seen D/ seen
28/ She sometimes ………… vegetables at this market
29/ When I ……… at his house he still was sleeping
30/ Mr John ……… his first novel when he was 19 years old
31/ They ……… everything by the time I arrived at the party
32/ I ……… on the computer when the fire broke out
Tiết 4BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM VỀ CÁC DẠNG THÌ Ở TRÊN
33/ Since they ……… married, they have moved the house twice
34/ I was having dinner when I ……… the news
35/ his homework finished last night?
36/ He to New York three times this year
37/ Before the head teacher ………., I’ll give the guests their tea
38/ When he ………, he will tell us about the match
39/ The thief ran away when he ……….a policeman
40/ The new brige will have been built by the time you ……… back
41/ I ………here since I left London
42/ She glanced at me as she ………
43/ She ……… breakfast before she ……… to school
A/ had / had gone B/ had had / had goneC/ had/ went D/ had had / went44/ The Second War ……… in 1939
45/ Tom ……… at the moment , so he can’t answer the telephone
46/ When he ……… his cup, he broke it
47/ I haven’t seen him ……… I was a student
48/ Up to now, teacher ……….us five tests
49/ My father ……… a visit to Ha Long Bay in 1992
50/ When I came to see her last night, she ……… the homework
Trang 651/ He had already learnt English before he ……… for England
52/ Please wait for her until she ………back
53/ We ……… John since he ………….… for London last year
A/ hadn’t seen / leaves B/ have not seen / leftC/ didn’t see / had left D/ had not seen / left54/ Things ……… greatly since Faraday ……… the generator
55/ She ……… her lessons from seven to nine last night
56/ Don’t get off the bus until it ………
A/ has stopped B/ stopped C/ will stop D/ is stopping
57/ When we came, Larry ……… breakfast
A/ is having B/ had C/ was having D/ has had
58/ Jane had known a lot about Salt Lake City ……… she came there
59/ I a cake when the light went out I had to finish it in the dark
A/ was making B/ had made C/ made D/ will make
60/ My father with his friends…………in the living room now
A/ is being B/ are C/ are being D/ is
61/ You can borrow my car I………it at the moment
A/ don’t use B/ am not using C/ haven’t used D/ won’t use
62/ We ……… her since she moved to live in HCM city
A/ haven’t seen B/ hadn’t seen C/ didn’t see D/ don’t see
63/ I to New York three times this year
64/ I felt asleep when I ……… television
A/ was watching B/ am watching C/ watched D/ watch
65/ I………….in this town for 15 years
A/ am living B/ was living C/ have lived D/ live
Tiết 5LÝ THUYẾT VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Ở CÁC THÌ TRÊN
PASSIVE (Bị động)
1 Nhóm động từ khiếm khuyết :
S + can / will / …… + be + V3,ed + (by O)
2 Nhóm thì đơn :
S + (is/am/are/was/were) + V3,ed + (by O)
3 Nhóm tiếp diễn :
S + (is,are, am,was, were) + being + V3,ed + (by O)
4 Nhóm hoàn thành :
S + (has, have, had) + been + V3,ed + (by O)Lưu ý :
- Nhận diện : by O hoặc S không thực hiện hành động : English is used
- Bị động của To – V1 là to be V3,ed, của V-ing là being V3,ed.
Trang 7- People say that he is rich People think that LCTA died because of grief S1 S2
Cách 1 : It is / was + V3,ed that ( viết lại )
Cách 2 : S2 is / was + V3,ed to V1 ( hiện tại ) / to have V3,ed (quá khứ)Quy t ắ c :
P: S + be + V3/ed + by O
1 Lấy túc từ ở câu chủ động ra làm chủ từ
2 Thêm động từ “to be”, nhưng phải cùng thì với câu chủ động
3 Đưa động từ (V) ở câu chủ động xuống, nhưng phải ở dạng V3/ed
4 Đưa chủ từ ở câu chủ động xuống làm túc từ cho câu bị động, nhưng trước nĩ phải cĩ “by”
L ư u ý :
-Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian sẽ được đặt ở cuối câu Trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn đặt trước “by”
- Nếu sau “by” là đại từ nhân xưng ( me, him, her,….) hoặc people, someone, … ta cĩ thể bỏ
Ex: A: My mother wrote that letter
-> P: I am being asked a lot of questions (by him)
-> : A lot of questions are being asked to me ( by him)
Trang 8Ex: A: They had prepared a dinner before we came.
1 He broke my watch
2 The teacher explained the rule to the student
A The rule was explained to the student B The students were explained the rule
C The students were explained the rules D A and B are correct
3 He often ass me to help him
A He is often asked to help them B They are often asked to help me
C I am often asked to help them D I am often asked him to help me
4 His friends never forgave his betrayal
A His betrayal were never forgiven by his friends B His betrayal was never forgiven by his friends
C His betrayal was never forgave by his friends D His betrayal never forgave by his friends
5 I am sure we’ll settle the matter easily
A I’m sure the matter will settle easily B I’m sure the matter will be settled easily
C I’m sure the matter will settled easily D I’m sure the matter won’t be settled easily
6 We sent for the police
A The police was sent for B.The police was sent
C.The police were sent for D.The police was sent for us
7 They speak much about this book
A This book is much spoken about B This book is much spoken
C This book is much about spoken D This book is much spoken about them
8 Have they tested all the machines?
A Have all the machines be tested? B Have all the machines been testing?
C Have all the machines been tested? D Have all the machines been being testing?
9 Does he realize that they are laughing at him?
A Does he realize that he is being laughed? B Is he realize that he is being laughed at?
C Does he realize that he is laughing at? D Is he realize that he is laughing at?
10 The manager offers me several jobs
A I was offers several jobs B I am offered several jobs
C Several jobs are offered to me D B and C are correct
11 I still can not believe it My bicycle some minutes ago
12 Some funny _ in class yesterday
Trang 9A happened B was happened C happens D is happened
13 The children’s arm was swollen because he by a bee
14 Today, many serious childhood diseases by early immunization
15 I with you on that subject
16 Many U.S automobiles in Detroit, Michigan
A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing
17 When I came, an experiment in the lab
A was being holding B has been held C was being held D has held
18 George is Lisa
19 Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill It everything in its path
A destroyed B was destroyed C was being destroyed D had been destroyed
20 Dynamite _ by Alfred Bernard Nobel
A have been invented B invented C was invented D was being invented
21 _ this work _ before you went to Moscow?
A Will/ have been done B Has/ been done C Will/ be done D Had/ been done
22 If you about it, will you be able to answer?
23 Do you believe that such a problem can ?
24 “ Can’t we do something about the situation?”- “ Something _ right now.”
25 The university by private funds as well as by tuition income
26 This picture _ by Johnny when I came
27 It must without delay
28 This exercise may _ with a pencil
29 The money to him 2 months ago, but it back yet
A was lent/ had not been given B has been lent/ was not given
C was lent/ has not given D was lent/ has not been given
30 She could easily for a top model
A be mistaken B have mistaken C been mistaken D to be mistaken
31 My shirt _ by my sister on my last birthday
Tiết 7LÝ THUYẾT VỀ CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CÁC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN,
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP
1/ CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
S + V1 / V-s,es
Trang 10(Tobe : am, is, are)
S + do / does (not) + V1 Hoac S + has / have + V3,ed S + will / can (not) + V12
S + V2, ed (Tobe: were)
1 Bài tập trắc nghiệm: Dựa vào công thức Ex : If he ( come ), please tell me
2 Bài tập sửa lỗi : Kiểm tra công thức của 02 mệnh đề và If / Unless
3 If and Unless = If not : Unless + S + V (khẳng định)
Ex : These plants will die unless he waters them
4 Viết lại câu đã cho, sử dụng câu điều kiện:
Bước 1 : Xác định loại điều kiện (thường là ĐK 2,3)
Tương lai ( thì , trạng từ : ……… ) ĐK 1Hiện tại ( thì, trạng từ : ……… ) ĐK 2
Quá khứ ( thì, trạng từ : ……… ) ĐK 3Bước 2 : Xác định mệnh đề If (sau because), mệnh đề chính
Bước 3 : Dùng công thức để viết lại (ngược thể với câu đã cho: khẳng định Phủ định )
Ex 1 : Mary didn’t come, so we cancelled the meeting
If Marry had come, we would not have cancelled the meeting
2/ REPORTED SPEECH / INDIRECT SPEECH (Lời nói tường thuật / gián tiếp)
1 Statement : (Câu nói bình thường)
S + said to + O / told + O (that) + S + would / could … + V1 (Tương lai)
S + V2,ed (Hiện tại)
S + had + V3,ed (Quá khứ)
Tương lai : after, next, following
Hiện tại : then, that day, this (week, year … )
Quá khứ : before, previous
2 Command : (Mệnh lệnh)
a Khẳng định: S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + To – V1 …
b Phủ định: S + asked / told / ordered / … + O + Not + To – V1 …
- what / where / why … + To – V1 …
MỘT SỐ CÁCH BIẾN ĐỔI TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG :
1 Would you like ……… thì sử dụng S + invite + O + to – V1
Ex : Mary said to Peter : “Would you like to go for walk?” Mary invited Peter to go for walk
Trang 112 If I were you hoặc had better / should / ought to + V1 thì sử dụng S + advise + O + not to + V1
Ex : I said “You should not smoke, Tam”
I advised Tam not to smoke
3 Shall we … ? / why don’t you … ? / Let’s … / How about / what about … ? thì sử dụng
S + suggest (that) S + should (not) + V1
Ex : Miss White said to her husband : “Why don’t you give up drinking alcohol ?”
Miss White suggested that her husband should give up drinking alcohol
4 Will (not) + V1 được biến thành promise / offer (not) to + V1
Ex : She said, “I will take you to town” She offered to take me to town
5 Remember / don’t forget + Ving or to V1 được biến thành remind + O + to V1
Ex : He said to me: “Don’t forget to learn your lessons “ He reminded me to learn mylessons
6 Sorry for ……… S + apologize ( to somebody ) for V – ing
Ex : “ Sorry for keeping you waiting “ He apologized (to me) for keeping me waiting
1 S + insist …… S + insist on + Ving
2 S + want / hope + to – V1 ………… S + have a dream of + Ving …
Tiết 8BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM VỀ CÁCH SỬ DỤNG CÁC CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN,
CÂU TRỰC TIẾP GIÁN TIẾP
1/ Ba said he some good marks last semester
2/ They asked me how many children _
3/ Thu said she had been _ the day before
4/ The student said that the English test _ the most difficult
5/ They told their parents that they their best to do the test
6/ She asked me where I _ from
7/ She me whether I liked classical music or not
8/ He asked me who the editor of that book
9/ He wants to know whether I _ back tomorrow
10/ I wonder why he love his family
11/ If I ……… you, I’dapply for that job
Trang 12A/ am B/ were C/ had been D/ was
12/ If I ……… ill, I wouldn’t have been absent from class
13/ If John ……… that there was a test yesterday, he ………
14/ If we have some eggs, I ……… you a cake
15/ If it ……… so cold, I will tidy up the garden
16/ If I had watched that film last night I ……… you about it
A/ would tell B/ will tell C/ would have told D/ will have told
17/ If a pig had wings, it ……… fly
18/ If your mother ……… that motorcycle for you, will you be happy?
19/ I could understand the English teacher if she ………… more slowly
20/ If we had had enough money, we ……… on holiday
A/ will have gone B/ would go C/ would have go D/ would have gone
21/ The driver in front stopped so suddently Therefore, the accident happened
A/ If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddently, the accident wouldn’t have happened
B/ If the driver in front didn’t stop so suddently, the accident wouldn’t happen
C/ If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddently, the accident would have happened
D/ If the driver in front hadn’t stopped so suddently and the accident would have happened
22/ If it ……… so cold, she will tidy up the garden
A/ doesn’t be B/ didn’t be C/ don’t be D/ hasn’t been
23/ If I had time, I ……… to the beach with you this weekend
A/ will go B/ will have gone C/ would have gone D/ would go
24/ If you ………… to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess now
25/ If my daughter were older,………
A she could help me do the cooking B she can help me do the cooking
C she will help me do the cooking D I can have her do the cooking
26/ If it is fine , I would go to the party
A B C D
27/ What would happen if there was no plants on earth ?
A B C D
28/ She is overweight because she eats much chololate
A) If she doesn’t eat much chocolate, she wouldn’t be overweight
B) If she ate much chocolate, she wouldn’t be overweight
C) If she didn’t eat much chocolate, she wouldn’t be overweight
D) If she didn’t eat much chocolate, she would be overweight
29/ If it ……… so late, we could have a drink
30/ If it ……… too much trouble, I’d love a cup of coffee
31/ That Pop star, ……… name is on everyone’s lips, is organizing an international charity concert
32/ If he ………… the report, he might have phoned me
Trang 1333/ I didn't have an umbrella with me, so I got wet.
A/ If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't get wet
B/ If I had had an umbrella, I would get wet
C/ If I had had an umbrella, I wouldn't have got wet
D/ If I had had an umbrella, I would have got wet
34/ If I had gone to Ho Chi Minh city yesterday,I would visit you
A B C D
35/ I didn’t eat anything because I wasn’t hungry.
A If I was hungry, I would eat something
B If I had been hungry, I would have eaten something
C If I hadn’t been hungry, I would have eaten something
D If I had eaten something, I would have been eaten something
36/ If I ……… 10 years younger, I ……… the job
A am/ will take B were/ would take C would be/ took D had been / would take37/ Susan was very busy, so she couldn’t go to the club
A If Susan is busy, she can go to the club
B If Susan hadn’t been busy, she could have gone to the club
C If Susan weren’t busy, she could go to the club
D If Susan were busy, she could go to the club
38/ I would send her a fax if I ……… her number
Tiết 9DANH ĐỘNG TỪ, ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU CÓ TO, KHÔNG TOVerbs followed by To-infinitive:
1 Would Like : thích
2 Be Able : có thể làm
3 Be Willing : sẵn lòng
9 Intend : có ý định
10 Expect : mong chờ
11 Promise : hứa
12 Command : ra lệnh/yêu cầu
13 Instruct : chỉ dẫn
14 Order : ra lệnh
15 Remind : nhắc nhở
16 Manage : cố gắng xoay sở
17 Refuse : từ chối
18 Believe : tin tưởng
19 Agree : đồng ý
20 Arrange : sắp xếp
26 Mean : muốn / có ý
27 Pretend : dặn dò/giả vờ
28 Ask : yêu cầu/hỏi
29 Beg : cầu xin
30 Appear : xuất hiện
31 Threaten : đe dọa
4 Mind : làm phiền / ngại
5 Postpone / Delay : trì hoãn
6 Miss : lỡ / nhỡ
7 Be Busy : bận
8 It’s no use / good : chẳng có ích/ lợi
20 Quit : thôi / ngừng
21 Discuss : thảo luận
22 Help / can’t help : có thể nhịn
23 Admit : thừa nhận
24 Recollect : hồi tưởng
25 Appreciate : thưởng thức
26 Resist : chịu đựng
27 Tolerate : tha thứ
Trang 149 Hate = Detest : ghét
10.Can’t Bear/Stand : ko thể chịu được
11 Have fun / a good time
12 Consider : xem / coi như
13 Keep : giữ / vẫn
14 Be Accustomed To : quen với
15 Practice : luyện tập
16 Look forward to : mong chờ
17 Get used to / Be used to : quen với
18 Suggest : đề nghị
19 Forgive : tha thứ
28 Recall : nhớ lại
29 Mention : đề cập / nói đến
30 Have difficulty : gặp khó khăn
31 Waste : lãng phí
32 Complete : hoàn tất / thành
33 Deny : từ chối
34 Recommend : khuyên
35 Understand : hiểu / biết
36 Resent : không bằng lòng
37 Risk : mạo hiểm
38 Sau giới từ / mạo từ / tình từ sở hữu
@ Chú ý: The verbs may be followed by either an infinitive or a gerund with little or no difference in meaning : Finish / Start / Begin / Love / Prefer / Hate/ Dislike / Like / Continue / Can’t Bear / Can’t Stand
Verbs followed by Bare - Infinitive:
1 Sau các động từ giác quan : See -Hear -Smell -Feel -Taste -Watch -Notice –Touch
2 Let , Help , Make , Observe ,Have , Would please , Would rather , Had better …
3 Sau các động từ khiếm khuyết : can / could / may / might / must …
Verbs followed by A (pro) noun + an infinitive:
Verb + noun / pronoun + to infinitive
1 Advise à She advise me to wait until tomorrow
2 Allow à He allowed me to use his car
3 Ask à I asked John to help us
4 Forbid à I forbid you to tell him
5 Permit à He permitted the chilren to stay up late
6 Remind à She reminded me to lock the door
7 Teach à My brother taught me to swim
8 Warn à I warned you to be happy
9 Encourage à He encouraged me to try again
10 Invite à Harry invited the Johnsons to come to his party
11 Require à Our teacher requires us to be on time
12 Expect à I expect you to be on time
@ Chú ý:
Nếu sau động từ không có Object thì dùng: V-ing :à They allowed smoking here
Verbs followed by Either the Infinitive or the Gerund :
1 Like/Dislike/Prefer/Hate/Detest V ing: thích / ghét thật sự
To-infinitive : thích vì cho là tốt nên làm
Eg : I like ( drink) ……… milk
I like (drink)……… milk.
2 Stop V – ing : ngừng hẳn
To – infinitive : tạm ngừng
Eg : When the teacher came to class The students stoped ( talk ) ………
Feeling sleepily , the driver stops ( drink ) ……… coffee
3 Remember / Forget / Regret V ing : một việc đã xảy ra
To-infinitive : một việc chưa xảy ra/ cần phải làm
Eg : I remember ( see ) ……… you somewhere but I don’t knpw your name.
Judy always remembers ( lock ) ……… the door before going out.
I regret (lend) ……… him some money
I regret (tell) ……… you that you failed the test
4 Try V – ing : thử làm một việc gì
To – infinitive : cố gắng làm một việc gì
Eg : I am trying ( learn ) ……… English
Trang 15The room was hot.I tried ( open ) ……… the window,but that didn’t help so I tried ( turn )
……… on the fan
5 Need /want V – ing / to be + Vpp: mang nghĩa bị động ( chủ ngữ chỉ vật )
To – infinitive : mang nghĩa chủ động ( chủ ngữ chỉ người )
Eg : The blackboard is very dirty It needs ( clean ) ………
He needs ( try ) ……… hard in his studying.
Tiết 10BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM VỀ PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT TRÊN
Multiple choice : TO INFINITIVE – GERUND – & BARE INFINITIVE1/ I remember _ you before, but I have forgotten your name
a to meet b meeting c meet d.met
2/ My parents didn’t permit me out last night
3 Don’t forget _ me a cable when you arrive in Hanoi
4/ Mary suggests to the library but Peter would rather _ at home
a going /study b go/ to study c to go/to study d.gone/studied
5/ Try so many mistakes
a not to make b not make c to make not d make not
6/ Would you like out with me ?
7/ Some streets in our city need
a to broaden b broaden c broadened d broadening
8/ Mary complained that the medicine made her _ worse
9/ I remember the chairs into the living room , but where are they now ?
10/ Mary was busy the floor
11/ My lawer advised me not _ anything further about the accident
12/ Anne hoped _to join the private club She could make important business contacts there
a inviting b being invited c to be invited d to invite
13/ Tommy admitted _the rock through the window
a throwing b to throw c being thrown d to be thrown
14/ I remember _ the door before I went to bed
15/ My computer needs _
a repair b to be repaired c repairing d b and c
16/ Mr Pike doesn’t let allow _in his office
Trang 1617/ Would you mind _me tomorrow?
18/ I have somethings _ but my doctor advises me _ because of my headache
a to do / to take a rest b.doing / to take a rest
c do / taking a rest d done / take a rest
19/ They don’t permit _without a ticket
20/ My teacher doesn’t allow us _while he is explaining the lesson
21/ We don't mind _ poor people
a helping b to helping c to help d help
22/ Mrs Taylor is usually busy her housework
a do b doing c does d to do
23/ John decided another job
a finding b to find c find d to have found
24/ That boy would rather study than
a plays b to play c playing d play
25/ She told me _ the back door
a about to shut b shutting c shut d to shut
26/ I don't know how this lift
a operate b to operate c operating d to operating
27/ We're looking forward _ from our aunt
a hear b to hearing c hearing d to hear
28/ He wanted a book
a to borrow b borrow c borrowed d borrowing
29/ I usually spend hours on the river without any fish
a catching b I catch c catch d to catch
30/ What about something to drink?
a having b to have c have d we have
31/ Her parents can't stand her at home all day
a to seeing b to see c seeing d see
32/ She used very well
a sang b singing c to sing d sing
33/ Don't forget me an email when you arrive home
a to dropping b to drop c drop d dropping
34/ Would you like _ some chocolate?
a having b have c to have d All are correct
35/ My brother gave up _ last year
a smoke b to smoking c smoking d to smoke
36/ My grandfather promised _ me a toy car
a gave b give c to give d giving
37/ The film was very sad It made us _
a to cry b cry c crying d to crying
38/ This is a machine for _ boxes
a making b to make c to making d make
39/ They invited me _ their wedding party
a to attend b attending c attended d attend
40/ My neighbour saw Tom to a stranger
a talk b talking c to talk d a and b are correct
41/ As a child I enjoyed comics
a to read b to reading c reading d read
42/ You had better too much
Trang 17a not eating b to not eat c not to eat d not eat
43/ Why don’t we a hand to that old man?
a to give b giving c gave d give
44/ Your hair needs _ It’s too long
a to cut b cut c being cut d cutting
45/ My girlfriend was angry with me When she saw me this morning, she pretended _ me
a not to see b not seeing c to not see d not see
46/ The doctor always advises me to stop because I have a bad cough
a to smoke b smoke c to smoking d smoking
47/ Let us a camping fire
Tiết 11
SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT (Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ và động từ)
* Trường hợp 1: Động từ chia ở số ít.
1 Chủ từ là từ chỉ thời gian (year / month / week / day), tiền bạc (dollar, pound), khoảng cách(metres, mile) , trọng lượng (ton … )
Ex : Ten tons of rice was distributed to the poor
2 Chủ từ là Ving hoặc To + V1
Ex : Swimming is good for your health
3 Chủ từ là các đại từ không xác định : no -, each - , every - , …… body, …… one, ….thing
comes to you
4 Chủ từ là một mệnh đề
Ex : That books are best friends has been proved
5 Chủ từ là các từ chỉ môn học (tận cùng bằng ICS như physics …), bệnh tật (mumps , meascles,rickets ), tên riêng (Miss White ), danh từ không đếm được (news, goods, water, sugar … ),danh từ số ít (thường không có s, es )
Ex : Physics is difficult to study
* Trường hợp 2: Động từ chia ở số nhiều.
1 Chủ từ là danh từ số nhiều (thường tận cùng s, es hoặc people, children, men, women )
Ex : My jeans are torn
2 Chủ từ là The + adj (the poor, the rich, the blind … )
3 Both ……… and …… ( Both Peter and Mary are at the party )
* Các trường hợp khác:
- One of N ( Số nhiều ) ………… + V(số ít) ………
Ex : One of the most important things to succeed is hard – working
- A number of ……… + V - số nhiều
The number of ……… + V - số ít
- S1 + 0R + S2 …
- Either + S1 + or + S2 …… Động từ hòa hợp với S2
Neither + S1 + nor + S2 ……
Not ( only ) + S1 + but ( also ) + S2
Ex : Either Tom or his parents are absent
- S1 + as well as + S2
along / together with Động từ hòa hợp với S1
giới từ ( in, with … )
Ex : She as well as her friends has just come
- There be ……… Động từ be (is, are, was, were) hòa hợp với danh từ đứng sau
Trang 18Note : + A lot of = lots of = plenty of (= much / many: nhiều) + Dtừ đếm được số nhiều / dtừkhông đếm được.
+ A few (= some : một vài) , few (rất ít) + Danh từ đếm được số nhiều
+ A little (= some : một vài), little (rất ít) + Danh từ không đếm được
GERUND (Ving)
3 Sau một số động từ : admit, avoid, can't (couldn’t) stand, consider, enjoy, finish, look forward to
= be excited about, love, mind, miss, practise, suggest , quit
4 Spend / waste + time / money + Ving and It + takes / took + (O) + time + To–V1 ….
Ex : I spent 3 hours a day watching TV It ………
5 find (found) / catch (caught) + Noun ( Ex : found him stealing ……… )
6 Have + fun / a good time / trouble / difficulty + Ving ( Ex : have difficulty finding ……
7 lie / sit / stand + từ chỉ nơi chốn + Ving ( sat at her desk writing a letter )
8 It is no use / no good + Ving ( = There is no point in / it is pointless … )
INFINITIVE : V1 / To – V1Verbs + (O) + (not ) To – V1
want, ask, persuade, tell, decide, order,
Note : A have / let +O (người) + V1 and have / let + O (vật) + V3,ed
B make + O + V1 / Adj and be made + to – V1
C (feel) like + Ving and would like + to –V1
D S (người) + need + to – V1 and S (vật) + need + Ving / to be V3,ed
E remember / forget / regret + Ving and remember / forget / regret + to – V1
( quá khứ, xảy ra rồi ) ( chưa xảy ra, nhiệm vụ )
F stop + Ving (ngung luon) and stop + To – V1 (ngưng, sau đó tiếp tục)
G allow / permit / advise / recommend + V – ing allow / permit / advise / recommend + O + TO – V1
Tiết 12BÀI TẬP TRẮC NGHIỆM VỀ PHẦN NGỮ PHÁP TRÊN
Trang 19Tiết 13DANH TỪ, TÍNH TỪ, TRẠNG TỪ, ĐẠI TỪ VÀ QUÁN TỪ
1/ WORD FORM
1 Noun: (Danh từ ): tận cùng : -ion, -ment, -ity, -er / -or / -ist (chỉ người), -ance / ence, -ness
- Sau tính từ Ex : effective treatment,
- Sau a, an, the + từ chỉ số lượng như many, much, a lot of, 2, 3 + no, every, this, that,these, those
Ex : the production, many activities
- Sau tính từ sỡ hữu : my, our, your, his, her, their Ex : her success
- Làm chủ ngữ / tân ngữ Ex : Good health brings happiness for
Note : Giới từ ( in, with … ) + Ving + O and Giới từ ( in, with … ) + N
Ex : Thank for your inviting me and thank for your invitation.
2 Adjective: (Tính từ): tận cùng : -ive, ful, - al, -y, -ing, - less (not), able
- Trước danh từ Ex : healthy food
- Sau be (am,is,are,was,were), look(ed), seem(ed), feel (felt)
Ex : is industrial, natural resource
3 Adverb : (Trạng từ): tận cùng -ly (ngoại trừ : yearly, monthly, weekly, daily là tính từ )
- Trước tính từ Ex : extremely cold
- Bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường : V-thường +(O) + adv
Ex : Treat women equally
- Đứng đầu câu Ex : Surprisingly, he cries
Notes: a / an / the + (adv) + (adj) + N
Adj và adv trong cấu trúc too, enough,so that, so sánh
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước thời gian (in London in 1780)
Hard ( ……….……… ) and hardly ( ……… )
good ( ……… ) and well ( ……… )2/ ARTICLES
1 Mạo từ không xác định “a / an ”: được dùng trước danh từ đếm được số ít để diễn tả một điều gì đó
chưa rõ, chưa cụ thể, chung chung, đề cập lần đầu
- An + danh từ bắt đầu là 1nguyên âm ( a, o, e, u,i ) và h câm (an hour, an honest man )
- A + danh từ bắt đầu là 1 phụ âm (hoặc a unit , a university , a uniform… )
- A / an còn được dùng trước danh từ chỉ nghề nghiệp ( a doctor, an engineer )
- A/ an còn được dùng trước các từ chỉ số lượng như a couple, a great deal of = a lot of, a few, a little, a half …
Không được dùng “a / an ”:
- Danh từ số nhiều như apples, dishes, women, children …
- Danh từ không đếm được như gold, sugar, water, milk, time, money, information, news, lunch, breakfast, weather
2 Mạo từ xác định “the ”: được sử dụng khi :
- Danh từ được đề cập cụ thể trước đó, người nói hoặc người nghe biết rõ
Ex : Whose is the car outside ?