bài giảng công nghệ khí hóa than

GE Energy formerly Texaco process  Coal-water slurry feed  Oxygen-blown  Refractory-lined gasifier  Good for bituminous coal, pet coke, or blends of pet coke with low-rank  EPC

CÔNG NGHỆ KHÍ HÓA THAN

PGS.TS Văn Đình Sơn Thọ

Bộ môn Công nghệ hữu cơ – hóa dầu

Khoa Công nghệ Hóa học

Đại học Bách Khoa Hà Nội

Email : thovds-petrochem@mail.hut.edu.vn thovds@yahoo.com

Tel : 097.360.4372

Key Technology : Gasification

Gasification with Oxygen

N 2 0.5 - 4

Ar 0.2 - 1

NH 3 + HCN 0 -0.3 Ash/Slag/PM

Heating value

250 Btu/scf (1/4 of natural gas)

C, H, O, N, S, Cl, Ash

What is Gasification

Carbon Ash Sulfur Nitrogen Hydrogen Water

2 Product : CO, H 2 Slag

3 Pollutant : H 2 S, NH 3

4 Application

· Power plant (Combined cycle)

· Chemical production : Methanol, Dimethyl Ether

· Fuel production : Liquid Fuel : Substitute Natural Gas : Hydrogen

Combustion & Gasification Products

Complete combustion condition

The Case of Coal

 High and volatile crude oil, natural gas

prices

How has Gasification been Used?

 First practical use of town gas in modern times was for street lighting in America and Europe

 The first public street lighting with gas took place in Pall Mall, London on January 28, 1807

 Baltimore, Maryland began the first commercial gas lighting of residences, streets, and businesses in

1816

and use of natural gas

How has Gasification been Used?

into transportation fuels (Fischer –

Tropsch)

convert coal and heavy oil into hydrogen – for the production of ammonia/urea

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two slurry

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two slurry

GE Energy (formerly Texaco process)

 Coal-water slurry feed

 Oxygen-blown

 Refractory-lined gasifier

 Good for bituminous coal, pet coke,

or blends of pet coke with low-rank

 EPC alliance with Bechtel for

guarantees on total IGCC plant

ConocoPhillips (E-Gas process)

coals, from pet coke to PRB,

and blends

gasification technology and

process guarantee

combined cycle supplier

alliances

Shell

dried and then fed into

gasifier)

feedstocks, from pet coke to PRB

technology

and Uhde for engineering

How has Gasification been Used?

 Water Gas Shift : CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + H 2

(for hydrogen and CO 2 recovery)

 Methanation : CO + 3H 2 → CH 4 + H 2 O (for Substitute Natural Gas)

Coal Gasification CO, H 2

Shift reaction

Synthesis

H 2

Methanation

Diesel fuel DME Methanol

Syngas

CO 2

Substitute Natural Gas IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle) IGFC (Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell)

Cumulative Worldwide Gasification

Capacity and Growth

Gasification by Primary Feedstock

Gasification by Product

Schematic of a Generic IGCC Power Plant

Other Chemical Products

Activated Charcoal Bed

Sulfur Removal

Combustion Chamber Heat Recovery

Steam Generator

Steam Water

Exhaust Stack

Heated Water Cooling

Water

Condenser Generator

Electricity

Electricity

Synthesis gas (CO, H 2 )

Moisture

Combustibles

Ash

Operating IGCC Projects

Conventional Coal Power Plant

IGCC Efficiency

Efficiency ↑

CO 2 /kwh ↓

Pollutants Emission

Traditional PC Retrofit Older PC

With Scrubber & SCR (using low- S Coal)

Advanced PC/SCPC/CFB

IGCC

with MDEA Absorber

Type of Power Plant

Where has IGCC Been Used?

Cool Water IGCC Demonstration Project

Wabash River Generating Station

repowering of existing unit

Wabash River Generating Station : process

Wabash River Clean Coal Project

A Case Study for Cleaner Air

Polk Power Station

Polk Power Station : process

Dakota Gasification Company Great Plains Synfuels Plant

 Beulah, North Dakota

 Part of Basin Electric Power

Cooperative

 Started up in 1984

 Converts 16,000 tons/day of

North Dakota lignite to:

 Fertilizers

miles to Saskatchewan and sold

for use in enhanced oil recovery

by EnCana and Apache Canada

Eastman Chemical - Kingsport, Tennessee

 Sulfur compounds and ash are

removed from the syngas

 Syngas is used to make

methanol, acetic acid, acetic

anhydride, methyl acetate…

Coal to Substitute Natural Gas

Coal to Liquid Fuel

Upgrading

FT synthesis

Transportation Fuel

: Cu/ZnO based catalyst

 Condition : 230~270℃

: Cu/ZnO + Al 2 O 3 based catalyst

Waste Gasification with Gas Engine

Capacity 70 Ton/Day, 2 trains

(Japan, Mutsu)

Waste composition

Combustibles : 45.2 % Ash : 7.0%

Moisture : 47.8%

Gas engine efficiency 35~36%

Net Efficiency 19%

Emission

Dioxin : 0.0023 ng-TEQ/Nm 3

Particulates : < 2mg/Nm 3

SOx : 11 ppm HCl : 0.4 ppm NOx : 10ppm

Waste Gasification with Fuel Cell

Fuel cell capacity 300 kW (Japan )

Waste Gasification with Methanol Production

Gasifier

British Gas Lurgi slagging

gasifier (Germany, Schwarze Pumpe )

Capacity 30 Ton/h

Product

Methanol : 120,000Ton/h Power : 35MW

Co-fed, Co-production

Source : Driving Clean Coal Forward, Peter de Wit, Shell Gas & Power

300 MW IGCC Demonstration Plant in KOREA

30 Ton/Day pilot plant development

Project Target : Thermal efficiency > 42% (HHV basis)

: NOX < 30 ppm, SOX : < 15 ppm

Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction

Korea Western Power

Korea Electric Power research Institute

Korea Electric Power research Institute

 IGCC (Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle)

more challenges

 Global materials and labor cost increases

 Carbon capture and storage

Thank you for your attention