IEC 61 982 4 Edition 1 0 201 5 1 0 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Secondary batteries (except l ithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles – Part 4 Safety requirements of nickel[.]
Trang 1Secondary bat t eries (ex cept l t hium) for t he propulsion of elect ric road vehicles –
Part 4: Safety requirement s of nick el- met al hy dride cel s and modules
Accumulat eurs (ex cept é l t hium) pour la propulsion des véhicules rout iers
élect riques –
Part ie 4: Ex igences de sécurit é pour les élément s et modules d’accumulat eurs
nick el mét al- hy rure
Trang 2THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyr ight © 2 15 IEC, Ge e a, Switzer la d
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Trang 3Secondary bat t eries (ex cept l t hium) for t he propulsion of elect ric road vehicles –
Part 4: Safety requirement s of nick el- met al hy dride cels and modules
Accumulat eurs (ex cept é l t hium) pour la propulsion des véhicules rout iers
élect riques –
Part ie 4: Ex igences de sécurit é pour les élément s et modules d’accumulat eurs
nick el mét al- hydrure
W arnin ! Mak e s re that you o tain d this publc tion from a a t horize distributor
At te tion! V eui ez vou a s rer q e vou a ez o te u c t te publc t ion via u distribute r a ré
Trang 4FOREWORD 3
INTRODUCTION 5
1 Sco e 6
2 Normative ref eren es 6
3 Terms an def i ition 6
4 General test req irements 7
4.1 Ac urac of me s rin in truments 7
4.1.1 Electrical me s rin in truments 7
4.1.2 Toleran e 8
4.2 General test con ition 8
4.2.1 Test temp rature
8 4.2.2 Temp rature me s rements 8
4.2.3 Dimen ion me s rement 9
5 Electrical me s rement 9
5.1 General c arge con ition
9 5.2 Ca acity 10 5.3 State of c arge (SOC) adju tment 10 6 Safety tests 10 6.1 General 1
0 6.2 Mec anical test 10 6.2.1 Mec anical s oc 10 6.2.2 Cru h 1
6.2.3 Vibration 12 6.3 Thermal test 12 6.3.1 Hig temperature en uran e 12 6.3.2 Temp rature c cl n 13 6.4 Electrical test 13 6.4.1 External s ort circ it 13 6.4.2 Overc arge 14 6.4.3 F rced dis harge 14 Biblogra h 15 Fig re 1 – Example of temp rature me s rement of cel 8
Fig re 2 – Examples of maximum dimen ion of cel 9
Example A 1
Example B 1
Fig re 3 – Example of cru h test 1
Ta le 1 – Freq en y an ac eleration 12
Trang 5INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_
SECONDA RY BA TTERIES (EXCEPT LITHIUM)
Part 4: Safety requirements of nickel-metal hydride cel s and modules
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International Stan ard IEC 619 2-4 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite 21:
Secon ary cel s an b t eries
The text of this stan ard is b sed on the f ol owin doc ments:
Ful inf ormation on the votin for the a proval of this stan ard can b foun in the re ort on
votin in icated in the a ove ta le
This publ cation has b en draf ted in ac ordan e with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2
Trang 6A l st of al p rts in the IEC 619 2 series, publ s ed u der the general title Se o d ary
b tteries (ex ce t l ithium) for th pro ulsio of ele tric ro d v hicl es, can b f ou d on the IEC
we site
The commit e has decided that the contents of this publ cation wi remain u c an ed u ti
the sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "ht p:/we store.iec.c " in the data
related to the sp cific publ cation At this date, the publ cation wi b
• recon rmed,
• with rawn,
• re laced by a revised edition, or
Trang 7The electric ro d vehicles (EV) in lu in h brid electric vehicles (HEV) b gin to dif fu e in the
glo al market with b c in fom glo al con ern on CO
2
red ction an cle n energ , as wel
as f rom relevant tec nolog ad an ement an cost red ction Nic el-metal h dride (Ni-MH)
exten ively for EV a plcation, esp cial y f or the pro ulsion of HEV
This stan ard provides the saf ety test proced res an ac e tan e criteria of Ni-MH b t eries
(cels an mod les) for EV a pl cation in order to evaluate their b sic safety p r orman e For
automo i e a pl cation, it is imp rtant to note the desig in diversity of b t ery p c s an
s stems, an sp cif i req irements for cels cor esp n in to e c of s c desig s Based on
these facts, the purp se of this stan ard is to provide a b sic level of safety test methodology
an criteria with general versati ty, whic serves a f un tion in common primary testin of cels
or mod les to b u ed in a variety of b tery s stems
For sp cific req irements f or the saf ety of cel diff er de en ing on the s stem desig s of
b t ery p c or vehicle, final p s - ai criteria of cel are to b b sed on the agre ment
b twe n the cel man f acturers an the c stomers
Trang 8SECONDA RY BA TTERIES (EXCEPT LITHIUM)
Part 4: Safety requirements of nickel-metal hydride cel s and modules
This Part of IEC 619 2 sp cifies test proced res an ac e tan e criteria f or safety
p rorman e of nic el-metal h dride (Ni-MH) secon ary cels an mod les u ed for the
pro ulsion of electric vehicles (EV) in lu in b t ery electric vehicles (BEV) an h brid
electric vehicles (HEV)
This stan ard inten s to sec re the b sic saf ety p rorman e of the cel as u ed in a b tery
s stem u der inten ed u e an re sona ly forese a le mis se, d rin the normal o eration
of EV The saf ety req irements of the cel in this stan ard are b sed on the premise that the
cel s an mod les are pro erly u ed in a b t ery p c an s stem within the l mit of voltage,
c r ent an temp rature as sp cified by the cel man facturer
The evaluation of the saf ety of b t eries d rin tran p rt an storage is not covered by this
stan ard
NOT 1 In this sta d rd, Ni-MH c ls me n th s ale nic el-metal h drid c ls: th s are s ale c ls th t u e
nic el h dro id at th p sitiv ele tro e, a h dro e a s rbin alo at th n g tiv ele tro e, a d alk ln
a u o s s lutio s c a p ta sium h dro id a th ele trolyte Se le -ty e c ls are th s th t c n maintain
th ir s ale c n itio a d d n t rele s g s or lq id wh n ele tric ly c arg d a d dis h rg d within th
temp rature ra g s e ifie b th c l ma uf acturer Th s c ls are e uip e with a g s rele s me h nism to
pre e t e plo io
NOT 2 In this sta d rd,al th d s riptio o th c l are a plc ble to th mo ule u d r th te t
The f ol owin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively ref eren ed in this doc ment an
are in isp n a le f or its a pl cation For dated ref eren es, only the edition cited a pl es For
u dated referen es, the latest edition of the referen ed doc ment (in lu in an
amen ments) a pl es
IEC 6 0 0-4 2:2 0 , I nternation l Ele trot ec nic l Vo a ul ary (IEV) – P art 4 2: P rimary a d
se o dary c ls a d b t teries
IEC 614 4, Se o d ary c ls a d b t teries c ntainin alk al ine or other no -a id ele trolytes –
Guid e t o d esign t io of c re t in alk l ine se o d ary c l l a d b ttery sta d ards
Trang 9group of cel s con ected together in a series an /or p ralel config ration with or without
protective devices, e.g f use or p sitive temp rature co f ficient (PTC), not yet fit ed with its
f i al hou in , terminal ar an ement an electronic control device
3.6
ca acity value of a cel or b tery determined u der sp cif ied con ition an declared by the
man facturer
Note 1 to e try: Th rate c p city C n of a c l or b tery is d clare b th c l ma uf acturer
[SOURCE: IEC 6 05 -4 2:2 0 , 4 2-0 -15, modified – Ad ition of Note to entry
avai a le ca acity in a b t ery expres ed as a p rcentage of the rated ca acity
4 General test requirements
4.1 Ac ura y of me s ring instrume ts
4.1.1 Ele tric l me s ring instrume ts
4.1.1.1 Ra ge of me s ring de ic s
The in truments u ed s al ena le the values of voltage an c r ent to b cor ectly me s red
The ran e of these in truments an me s rin method s al b c osen so as to en ure the
ac urac sp cified f or e c test For analog e in truments, this impl es that the re din s s al
b taken in the last third of the grad ated s ale An other me s ring in truments may b
u ed provided they give an eq ivalent ac urac
4.1.1.2 Volta e me s reme t
The in truments u ed for voltage me s rement s al b voltmeters of an ac urac clas eq al
to 0,5 or b ter The resistan e of the voltmeters u ed s al b at le st 1 0 0 Ω/V (se
IEC 6 0 1 series)
Trang 104.1.1.3 Cur e t me s reme t
The in truments u ed for c r ent me s rement s al b ammeters of an ac urac clas eq al
to 0,5 or b ter The entire as embly of ammeter, s u t an le d s al b of an ac urac
clas of 0,5 or b ter (se IEC 6 0 1 series or refer to IEC 6 3 9)
4.1.2 Tolera c
The overal ac urac of control ed or me s red values, relative to the sp cified or actual
values, s al b within these toleran es:
These toleran es comprise the combined ac urac of the me s rin in truments, the
me s rement tec niq e u ed, an al other sources of er or in the test proced re
4.2 Ge eral te t conditions
4.2.1 Te t temperature
If not otherwise def i ed, b f ore e c test, the cel s al b sta i sed at the ambient
temp rature for a p riod b twe n 1 h an 4 h
Unles otherwise stated in this stan ard, the cel s al b tested at the ambient temp rature
The cel temp rature s al b me s red by u e of a s race temp rature me s rin device
ca a le of an eq ivalent s ale definition an ac urac of cal bration as sp cified in 4.1.2 The
temp rature s ould b me s red at a location whic most closely reflects the cel temp rature
The temp rature may b me s red at ad itional a pro riate location , if neces ary
The examples f or temp rature me s rement are s own in Fig re 1 The in tru tion for
temp rature me s rement sp cif ied by the cel man f acturer s al b f ol owed
Figure 1 – Ex mple of temperature me s reme t of c l
Temp rat ure me s rin d v ic
Trang 114.2.3 Dime sion me s reme t
The maximum dimen ion of the total width, thic nes or diameter, and len th of a cel s al b
me s red up to thre sig if i ant fig res in ac ordan e with the toleran es in 4.1.2
The examples of maximum dimen ion are s own in Fig res 2 ) to 2d)
Fig re 2 )– Cyln ric l c l (y e a) Fig re 2b) – Cyln ric l c l (y e b)
Fig re 2 ) – Prismatic c l (y e a) Fig re 2d) – Prismatic c l (y e b)
5 Ele trical me sureme t
5.1 Ge eral c arg conditions
Unles otherwise stated in this standard, prior to electrical me s rement, the cel s al b
c arged as fol ows
Ste 1 Prior to c argin , the cel s al b dis harged at the ambient temp rature at a
con tant c r ent of 1/3 I
t
A down to a final voltage sp cified by the cel
man facturer
Ste 2 Then, the cel s al b c arged, at the ambient temp rature, ac ordin to the
c argin method declared by the cel man facturer
Trang 125.2 Capa ity
Before the SOC adju tment in 5.3, the ca acity of test cel s al b con rmed to b the rated
value in ac ordan e with the fol owin ste s
Ste 1 The cel s al b c arged in ac ordan e with 5.1 After the c arge, the cel
temp rature s al b sta i zed in ac ordan e with 4.2.1
Ste 2 The cel s al b dis harged at 1 I
t
A down to 0,9 V at the ambient temp rature
The up er lmit of the dis harge c r ent s al b 2 0 A When testin mod les, the
final voltage is the prod ct of the final voltage of a cel an the n mb r of cel s
con ected in series in the module
The method of desig ation of test c r ent I
t
A is defined in IEC 614 4
Ste 3 Me s re the dis harge d ration u ti the sp cified final voltage is re c ed, an
calc late the ca acity of the cel , expres ed in Ah to thre sig ificant fig res
5.3 State of c arge (SOC) a justme t
The test cels s al b c arged as sp cified b low The SOC adju tment is the proced re to
b f olowed f or pre arin cel s to the variou SOCs f or the tests
Ste 1 The cel s al b c arged in ac ordan e with 5.1
Ste 2 The cel s al b lef t at rest at ambient temp rature in ac ordan e with 4.2.1
Ste 3 The cel s al b dis harged at a con tant c r ent of 1/3 I
t(A) at ambient
temp rature f or (10 – n) 10 × 3 h, where n is SOC (% Cn Ah ) to b adju ted f or
6 Saf ety tests
The safety tests in this clau e s al b p rormed on a cel or mod le that is not more than six
month old u der the con ition sp cif ied by the cel man facturer
The n mb r of cel s un er eac test can b determined ac ordin to the agre ment b twe n
the cel man f acturer an the c stomer
For al the tests sp cified in this clau e, the test in tal ation s al b re orted in lu in the
sec rement an wirin of the cel or mod le
NOT If n c s ary, to pre e t d f ormatio , th c l c n b maintain d d rin th te t in a ma n r th t d e n t
violate th te t p rp s
6.2 Me ha ic l te t
6.2.1 Me ha ic l s oc
This test is to verify the safety p rf orman e of the cel u der inertial lo d whic may oc ur
d rin a vehicle cras
6.2.1.2 Te t
The test s al b p rormed as f ol ows
Ste 1 Adju t the SOC of the cel to 10 % Cn Ah for BEV a pl cation an 8 % C n Ah for
HEV a pl cation in ac ordan e with 5.3
Ste 2 The cel s al b sec red to the testin mac ine by me n of a rigid mou t whic
wi s p ort al mountin s races of the cel
Trang 13Ste 3 Ap ly a halfsine s oc of p ak ac eleration of 5 g
n
an pulse d ration of 1 ms
to the cel The cel s al b s bjected to thre s oc s in the p sitive direction
fol owed by thre s oc s in the negative direction of e c of thre mutual y
p rp n ic lar mou tin p sition of the cel f or a total of 18 s oc s
6.2.1.3 Ac epta c criteria
Durin the test, the cel s al ex ibit no eviden e of fire or explosion
The test s al b p rf ormed as fol ows
Ste 1 Adju t the SOC of the cel to 10 % Cn Ah f or BEV a pl cation an 8 % C n Ah f or
HEV a pl cation in ac ordan e with 5.3
Ste 2 The cel s al b placed on an in ulated sol d f lat s rf ace an b cru hed with a
cru hin to l in the s a e of rou d or semi-circ lar b r, or in the s a e of a
sphere or hemisphere with a 15 mm diameter It is recommen ed to u e the
rou d b r to cru h a c l n rical cel an the sphere for a prismatic cel (se Fig re
3) The f orce f or the cru hin s al b a pl ed in direction ne rly p rp n ic lar to
the layered face of the p sitive an negative electrodes in ide the cel The f orce
s al b a pl ed to the a proximate centre of the cel as s own in Fig re 3 The
cru h sp ed s al b les than or eq al to 6 mm/min
Ste 3 The force s al b rele sed when an a rupt voltage dro of one-third of the
original cel voltage oc urs, or a def ormation of 15 % or more of initial cel
dimen ion oc urs, or the force of 1 0 0 times the weig t of the cel is a pl ed,
whic ever comes f irst The cel s s al b u der o servation f or 2 h or u ti the
cel temp rature decl nes by 8 % of the maximum temp rature rise, whic ever is
the so ner
Fig re 3 – Ex mple of crus te t
Durin the test, the cel s al ex ibit no eviden e of f ire or explosion
: Cru hin dire tio
IEC Prismatic c l
Trang 146.2.3 Vibration
This test is to verify the saf ety p rorman e of the cel u der a vibration environment whic
the cel wi l kely exp rien e d rin the normal op ration of the vehicle
6.2.3.2 Te t
The test s al b p rf ormed as fol ows
Ste 1 Adju t the SOC of the cel to 10 % f or BEV a pl cation and 80 % for HEV
a pl cation in ac ordan e with 5.3
Ste 2 The cel s al b s bjected to a vibration havin a sin soidal wavef orm with a
logarithmic swe p b twe n 7 Hz an 5 Hz an b c to 7 Hz traversed in 15 min
This c cle s al b re e ted 12 times f or a total of 3 h in the vertical direction of
the mou tin orientation of the cel as sp cified by the cel man facturer
The cor elation b twe n f req en y an ac eleration s al b as s own in Ta le 1:
NOT 2 A vibratio te t profie d termin d b th v hicle ma ufa turer c n b u e a a s b titute f or th
fe u n y – a c leratio c relatio of Ta le 1
Ste 3 The test s al en with an o servation p riod of 1 h at the ambient temp rature
6.2.3.3 Ac epta c criteria
Durin the test, the cel s al ex ibit no eviden e of f ire or explosion
6.3 Thermal te t
6.3.1 High temperature e dura c
This test is p rf ormed to simulate a hig -temp rature en ironment that the cel wi exp rien e
d rin the normal o eration of the vehicle, an to verify the safety p r orman e of the cel
Ste 2 The cel s al b placed in a gravity or circ latin air con ection oven The oven
temp rature s al b 6 °C ± 2 K The cel s al remain at this temp rature for 2 h
Then, the cel s al b placed at ambient temp rature an b o served f or 1 h in
the oven
Trang 15violate th te t p rp s
6.3.1.3 Ac epta c criteria
Durin the test, the cel s al ex hibit no ev iden e of f ire or explosion
6.3.2 Temperature c cl ng
This test is p rf ormed to simulate the low an hig temp rature en ironment alternately whic
cau es exp n ion an contraction of cel comp nents, an to verify the safety p rorman e of
the cel u der s c con ition
6.3.2.2 Te t
The test s al b p rormed as f ol ows
Ste 1 Adju t the SOC of the cel to 10 % Cn Ah for BEV a pl cation an 8 % C n Ah for
HEV a pl cation in ac ordan e with 5.3
Ste 2 Al protection devices, whic would aff ect the f un tion of the cel an whic are
relevant to the outcome of the test s al b o erational
Ste 3 The cel s al b stored for at le st 6 h at a test temp rature eq al to
6 °C ± 2 K or hig er if req ested by the cel man facturer, f olowed by storage
f or at le st 6 h at a test temp rature eq al to -4 °C ± 2 K or lower if req ested by
the cel man facturer The maximum time interval b twe n the test temp rature
extremes s al b 3 min This proced re s al b re e ted u ti a minimum of 5
total c cles are completed, after whic the cel s al b stored f or 2 h at ambient
temp rature
Ste 4 The test s al en with an o servation p riod of 1 h at the ambient temp rature
The test s al b p rormed as f ol ows
Ste 1 The cel s al b ful y c arged in ac ordan e with 5.1
Ste 2 The cel s al b s ort-circ ited by con ectin the p sitive an negative terminals
with an external resistan e for 10 min A total external resistan e p r cel s al b
eq al to or les than 5 mΩ as agre d b twe n the c stomer an the cel
man facturer
Ste 3 The cel s al b o served for 1 h after the test at ambient temp rature
6.4.1.3 Ac epta c criteria
Durin the test, the cel s al ex hibit no ev iden e of f ire or explosion
Trang 16Ste 2 Contin e c argin the cel b yon the 10 % Cn Ah SOC with the c argin c r ent
sp cified by the cel man facturer at ambient temp rature u in a p wer s p ly
s ff i ient to provide the con tant c argin c r ent
When the voltage of the cel re c es 3 V, contin e the c arge to 2 0 % of the rated ca acity
whi e maintainin the voltage at 3 V
Ste 3 The cel s al b o served f or 1 h after the test at ambient temp rature
6.4.2.3 Ac epta c criteria
Durin the test, the cel s al ex ibit no eviden e of fire or explosion
A f or 9 min When the voltage of the cel
re c es -3 V b fore 9 min, contin e the dis harge to a 15 % of the rated ca acity whi e
maintainin the voltage of – V
6.4.3.3 Ac epta c criteria
Durin the test, the cel s al ex ibit no eviden e of f ire or explosion
Trang 17Bibl ogr aphy
IEC 6 0 1 (al p rts), Dire t a t ing ind ic tin a alo u ele tric l me suring instrume ts a d
th ir a c s ories
IEC 6 3 9, Ele tric l a d ele tro ic me sureme t e uipme t – Expres ion of p rorma c
IEC 619 2, Se o d ary b t teries (exce t lithium) for the pro ulsion of ele tric ro d vehicl es –
P erorma c a d e d ura c tests
IEC 6 6 0-2, Se o dary l it hium-ion c lls for th pro ulsion of electric ro d v hicl es – P art 2:
Rel iabil ity a d a use t est ing