Luận văn đấu thầu nhập khẩu máy móc thiết bị cho các công trình xây dựng trọng điểm ở nước ta

MUC LUCChu'ong 1: Ly luan ca ban ve ddu than nhap khan may moc thiet bi 1.1 Tam quan trong cua dau thau noi chung va dau than nhap khau may moc 1.2 Noi dung quy trinh dau thau nhap kha

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MUC LUC

Chu'ong 1: Ly luan ca ban ve ddu than nhap khan may moc thiet bi

1.1 Tam quan trong cua dau thau noi chung va dau than nhap khau may moc

1.2 Noi dung quy trinh dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong

1.2.6 Tham dinh, phe duyet va cong bo ket qua dau thau ' ' 23

1.3.1 Quan ly nha ntfdc vd dau thau noi chung va dau thau nhap khau may

1.3.5 Trinh do nghiep vu cua cac thanh vien tham gia dau thau 30

Chuong 2: Thuc trang hoat dong ddu thau nhap khau may moc thiet

Cac cong trinh trong diem 0 Viet Nam

Su can thiet phai dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh trong diem 0 Viet Nam

31 31

34

Phan tlch thuc trang dau thdu nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cong trinh

Tumi hmh nhhp kkhu may moct hied bi o Viet Nam 35 Phan tich thuc trang hoat dong cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem

Danh gia vd hoat dong dau th.du nhpp khUu may mCc thiet bi cho cac

Chtfong 3: Mot so giai phap nham koan thien hoat dong ddu thau

Chien lupc phat trien kinh te-xa hoi d Viet Nam va ycu cau phai hoan

thien hoat dong dau thau nhpp khUu may mcc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh

Yeu cfiu phai hoan thien hoat dong dau thau nhap khuu may mcc thiet bi

Muc tieu quan diem phu'o’ng hu’dng hoan thien hoat dong dau thau nhap

khuu may mCc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem 54

Nhung giai phap nham hoan thien hoat dong dau thau nhpp khuu may

Nh&ng giai phap cho hoat dong dau thau nCi chung 67 1 Tao moi ttut^nn? phap ly l&nh manh, hoan tt-uien moi tru&ig kinlh xa h<5i 67

.3 Kien loan co'caa lit chhc lrnat ddnn ddu thha eci.iuci'i nnliiee, l iinn cc’o'un

.6 Mot so y kien dong gop cho vibe xay dung Pl^^p lenh Da'u thau 73 Nhung dcng gcp truc tiep vao quy trinh dau thau i IP p khau may mcc

thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem 76

3.3.2.1 Mot so van de chung >3 3.3.2.2 Kehoach dau thau nhap khiiu may moc thiet bi 79

3.3.2.5 Trinh duyeh, hham dinh, phe duyeh, cong bo ket qua dau thau hoan thien

Danh muc hai lieu hham khao

Phu luc hham khao

Luan van thac sy kinh te 1

PHAN MG DAU,

1 Tfnh cap thiet cua luan an

Chuyen ' ti n£n kinh te ke hoach hoa tap trung sang nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu thanh phhn van hanh theo co che thi truing co sy quan ly cua Nha nudc theo dinh hudng xa hoi chu nghia, nen kinh te nudc ta co sy chuyen bien sau sac tren moi linh vyc hoat dong Cac thanh phhn kinh te tham gia san xuat kinh doanh tren thi trudng ngay cang da dang va phuc tap Hoat dong nhap khau may moc thiet bi phuc vu cho cac cong trinh xay dyng trong diem co nhieu van de mdi nay sinh can duoc nghien chu giai quyet va hoan thien

Theo co che quan ly cu, Nha nudc doc quyen ve ngoai thuo’ng Hoat dong nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dyng trong diem d nudc ta

do mot so don vi xuat nhap khau chuyen nganh cua Nha nudc thyc hien Viec thyc-hien nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho nhung cong trinh trong diem khong tranh khoi nhung lang phi, that thoat va chat luyng cong trinh cung khong du'o'c dam bao d mu'c tot nhat trong dieu kien co the

Chuyen sang co che thi truing, ndn kinh te Viet Nam phat trien vdi toc do nhanh chong Nhieu cong trinh mdi duoc xay dung, phuc vu cho sy nghiep cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa dat nudc Nhu cau may moc thiet bi cho viec xay dyng cac cong trinh quan trong ngay cang nhieu va da dang De nang cao hieu qua dau tu, dam bao chat luyng cong trinh, nhieu doanh nghiep da sir dung hinh thu’c dau thau trong ca cong trinh, dy an Dau thau da tro thanh hoat dong mua sdm chu yeu trong nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho nhUng cong trinh xay dung trong diem d Viet Nam Phuong thic nay via dya trdn quy luat canh tranh, cung cau, gia ca cua kinh te thi tru'dng via chiu sy tac dong, dieu tiet vi mo cua Nha nudc xa hoi chu nghia Chinh vi vay, hoai dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi da thu duoc nhung thanh qua nhat dinh Tuy nhien, dau thau la qua trinh hoat dong mdi hinh thanh d Viet Nam, do do viec thyc hien dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho nhung cong trinh xay dyng trong diem d Viet Nam la qua trinh via lam via rut kinh nghiem nen con boc lo nhieu han che, vudng mac, phan anh sai lech mat tich cyc va tfnh hieu qua cua dau thau

Luan vSn thac sy kinh te 2

Trong giai doan tdi, de tang cudng hieu qua trong hoat dong dau thau, ticl kiem von dau tu, nang cao chat luqng cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong dicm

va dong thdi phal huy tac dung cung nhu ngan chan cac hanh vi lieu cue trong qua trinh dau thau, mot van dd duqc dat ra la phai hoan thien cong tac dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi Do cung chinh la ly do de toi chon dd tai: "Dau

thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem

d nude ta”.

2 Muc dich nghien curu va y nghia cua luan an

Muc dich nghien cicu

Ve mat ly luan: dd tai nham he thong hoa ly luan co ban vd dau thflu nhapkhau may moc thiet bi

Vd mat thu'e tidn: de tai danh gia duqc thu’e trang hoat dong da'u thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem d nude la trong giai doan hicn nay Gop phan hoan thien hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem, qua do nang cao chat luqng ,va hieu qua cua cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem d Viet Nam

Y nghia cua luan an

bi, nhung dong gop cua hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cung nhu nhung han che cua hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi Fir do tim ra nhung quan diem, phuong hudng va giai phap dd hoan thien hoat dong

cho cac doanh nghiep str dung trong hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc

3 Doi tirqng va pham vi nghien curu

Doi tuqng nghien cuu cua luan an: luan an nghien cu’u ly luan co ban vd dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi Nhung van dd nay duqc nghien cuu trong he thong ly thuyet ve dau thau quoc te, cung nhu dau thau trong nu'de Nghien cuu

LuSn van thac sy kinh te 3

cac nhan to co ban anh hudng den hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiel

bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem Nghien cuu thuc trang hoat dong dau thau noi chung, hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may mdc thiet bi noi rieng

de tim ra nhung van de, dac diem, xu hudng chung cua dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho nhung cong trinh xay dung trong diem d Viet Nam.

Pham vi nghien cuu: can ch vao muc tieu nghien cu'u, de tai khong di sau phan tfch qua trinh hinh thanh va cung cap may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xdy dung trong diem ma tap trang nghien cu’u ly luan co ban ve dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi; nghien cu'u danh gia thuc trang hoat dong dau thfiu noi chung va hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem noi rieng.

Trong tam nghien cuu cua luan an la hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem d tam vi mo duoc dat trong

moi lien he vdi cac moi truing va dieu kien thuc hien d■ tam vi mo.

4 Phuctng phap nghien cuu cua luan an

Luan an van dung tong hop cac phuong phap nghien cuu: phuong phap duy vat bien chung; duy vat lich sit; ket hop* vdi phuong phap thong ke, phuong phap dieu tra phan tfch; so sanh de xem xet va giai quyet cac van dd nghien cUu dat

ra Cac so lieu si dung trong de tai la nhung so lieu cua cac bao cao da cong bo xuat ban chfnh thUc.

5 .Nhing dong -gop cua luan an

Vdi phan co sd ly luan duoc xay dung mot cach he thong, tiep thu co chon loc tu: nhieu nguon chfnh thUc khac nhau, luan an gop them mot cong trinh nghien cuu vao he thong ly luan con kha ft oi ve mot van do kinh te nho hep nhung co tam quan trong dang ke do la hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi Luan an co nhung dong gop nhu sau:

He thong hoa co sd ly luan ve dau thau trong nhap khau may moc thiet bi Quan niem cua ban than ve dau thau nhap khau may moc thie't bi, dua ra he thong cac nhan to anh hudng den dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi.

Luan van thac sv kinh e 4

Phan tfch, danh gia loan dien, khoa hoc va logic ve thuc trang cua boat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem 0

Viet Nam, su tac dong cua hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem den ket qua hoat: dong dau tu cua Nha nudc

va doanh nghiep Phat hien ra nhung dac diem, xu the van dong, phat trien cua hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem Danh gia thuc trang hoat dong dau thau nhap khdu may moc thiet

bi Th do chi ro nhung tdn tai va nguyen nhan can khftc phuc trong viec to churc

va quan ly hoat dong da'u thdu nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xdy dung trong diem.

Luan an da de xuat duoc mot so quan dicm, phuang hudng, bien phap dong

bo va hai nhom giai phap co ban (nhom tao lap moi truong ve chfnh sach, quan

ly vi mo cua Nha nudc; nhom giai phap cu the cho quy trinh dau thau nhap khdu may moc thiet bi) co co sd khoa hoc va tfnh kha thi de hoan thien va day manh hoat dong dau thau noi chung, ddu thau nhap khdu may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem, d nudc ta hien nay.

6 Ket can luan an

Luan an gom phan mo ddu; ket luan; phu luc va danh muc cac tai lieu tham

■ khao vdi 3 chuong chfnh:

- Chuong 1: Ly luan co ban ve dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho

cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem.

- Chuang 2: Phan tfch thuc trang hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc

thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem d Viet Nam.

- Chuang 3: Mot so giai phap nham hoan thien cong tac dau thau nhap

i

khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem d Viet Nam.

Luan van thac sy kinh te _ 5

Chuang I

1.1 TAM QUAN TRONG CUA DAU THAU NOI CHUNG VA DAU THAU NHAP KHAU MAY MOC THIET BI NOI RIENG

1.1.1 Khai niem dau thau

1.1.1.1 Khai niem

Dau thau la pham tru kinh te du’a vao tinh chat canh tranh cong khai cua thi trudng Neu khong co canh tranh thi cung khong the co dau thau va cung khong can den dau thau Trong nen kinh te ke hoach hoa tap tiling, moi canh tranh bi

tren rot xuong Trong nen kinh te thi trudng, qui luat canh tranh chi phoi moitriet tieu Hoat dong kinh te don thuan la thuc hien nhicm vu theo ke hoach lit

nen kinh te

"Dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi" la mot phu'Ong thuc mua ban dac bict didn ra trong mot thdi gian va tai mot dia diem da quy dinh trade Trong do ngudi mua may moc thiet bi nhap khau (tu’e ngudi goi thau) cong bo trudc dieu kien mua hang dd ngudi ban may moc thiet bi (tu’e ngudi du thdu) chao ban

V »

Cuoi ciing, ngudi mua may moc thiet bi nhap khau du’a vao nhung nguycn tdc

da duqc soan thao trade de chon ra va trao hop dong nhap khau may moc thiet

bi cho ngudi ban co lqi nhat Ngudi mua se duqc chon mua cua ngudi ban nao

Luan van thac sy kinh te 6

ban gia re nhat va dieu kien tin dung phii hop nhat, vdi quy each pham chat cua may moc thiet bi hon ca so vdi dieu kien mua hang da ncu

1.1.1.2 Cac thuat ngii thu'dng dung trong dau thau

“Dau thau quo'c te” la cuoc dau thau cd cac nha thau trong va ngoai nudc tham du’

“Xet thau” la qua trinh Ben mdi thau xem xet, phan tfch, danh gia, xep hang cac ho so du thau, tham dinh, phe duyet ket qua dau thau

“Nha thau” la ca nhan, to chuc Viet Nam (hoac nudc ngoai) cd dang ky kinh doanh hoat dong doc lap, thudng xuyen

theo tfnh chat ky thuat hoac trinh tu thuc hien du an Goi thau cd the du’pcthuc hien theo mot hoac nhieu hop ddng neu goi thau dupe chia thanh nhieu phan tuong do'i doc lap

“Hang hoa” la may moc, phuong tien van chuyen, thiet bi (loan bp, dong bp hoac thiet bi le), ban quyen so huu cong nghiep, cong nghe, nguyen lieu, nhien lieu, vat lieu, hang tieu diing'(thanh pham, ban thanh pham)

Luan van thac sy kinh te 7

“Ddng thau” la thdi diem ket thuc vice nop ho so dir thfiu duoc quy dinh trong ho so mdi thau

“Md thau” la then diem to chile md cac ho so dir than duoc quy dinh trong

“Gia goi thau” la gia duoc xac dinh cho tirng goi thau trong ke hoach dau thau cua du an tren co sd tong mile hoac tong du’ loan, du loan dupe duyet

“Gia du thau” la gia do nha thau ghi trong ho so du thau bao gom loan bo cac chi phi can thiet de thuc hien goi thau

“Gia danh gia” la gia du thau da sua ldi va hieu chinh cac sai lech (neu cd), du’pc quy doi ve cung mat bang (ky thuat, tai chinh, thuong mai, va cac noi dung khac) de lam co so so sanh giua cac ho so du thau

“Gia de nghi trung thau” la gia do Ben mdi thau de nghi tren co so gia du thau cua nha thau dupe de nghi trung thau sau khi stra loi va hieu chinh cac sai lech theo yeu cau cua ho so mdi thSu

“Gia trung thau” la gia dupe ngudi co tham quyen hoac cap co tham quyen phe duyet ket qua dau thau de lam can cil cho Ben mdi thau thuong thao hoan thien va ky hop dong vdi nha thau trung thau

“Gia ky hop dong” la gia duoc Ben mdi thau va nha tiling thau thoa thuan saU khi thuong thao hoan thien hop dong va phii hop vdi ket qua trung than

“Ket qua dau thau” la noi dung phe duyet cua ngudi co tham quyen hoac cap

co tham quy£n ve ten nha thau trung thau, gia trung thau, loai hop dong va thdi gian thuc hien hop dong

Luan van thac sy kinh te 8

- “Thuong thao hoan thien hop dong” la qua trinh tiep tuc thuong thao hoanchinh noi dung chi tiet cua hop dong vdi nha thau trung thau de ky ket

“Bao lanh dir thau” la viec nha thau dat mot khoan tidn (tien mat, sec, baolanh cua Ngan hang, hoac hmh thuc tuong duong) vao mol dia chi vdi mol thdi gian xac dinh theo quy dinh trong ho so mdi thau de dam bao trachnhiem cua nha thau doi vdi ho so du thau

'“Bao lanh thuc hien hop dong” la vi£c nha thfiu trung thau dat mot khoan tidn (tien mat, sec, bao lanh cua NgSn hang, hoac hinh thuc tuong duong)vao mot dia chi vdi mot thdi gian xac dinh theo quy dinh trong ho so mdi thau va ket qua da'u thau dC dam bao ket qua trach nhiem thuc hien hop dong

da ky

1.1.2 SU can thiet va y nghTa cua dau thau

1.1.2.1 Sic can thiet cua dau thau

Cac doanh nghiep thuoc khu vuc Nha nude va doanh nghiep ngoai quoc doanh tien hanh mua sam luon mong muon dat duqc muc tieu vdi chi phi thap rihat dat hieu qua cao, giam chi phi dau vao va tiet kiem von dau tu Du von do

la von luu dong bmh thudng hay tir nguon phan bo dac bict tir cac co quan thuc hien mua sam hang hoa, cong trinh hay dich vu nhu muc tieu da dinh, dung thdi diem can mua va thu duqc gia tri cao nha't vdi so' ti£n da bo ra Kinh nghiem quan ly cua cac nude tren the gidi chi ra rang chi cd the hoan thanh duqc trach nhiem dd neu thuc hien mua sam vat tu may moc thiet bi bang phuong thuc dau thau Trong dd canh tranh cong khai la phuong thuc dau thau mua sSm vat tu may moc thiet bi duqc ua dung hon ca

Tinh u'u viet cua che do dau thau duqc chu'ng minh kha rd rang bdi ket qua thu duqc qua hop dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cua cac nude trenthe gidi va nude ta trong thdi gian qua, cung vdi nhung loi ich ma nd dem lai cho tat ca cac Ben tham gia

Luan tin thac sf kinh te 9

1.1.2,2 Y nghia cua dau thau

* Doi voi ngu'di goi thau

Dau than bao gib cung la bien phap tfch cue nhat trong so cac hien phap kha thi Nhb dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi, cac khoan tai tro va vay uu dai duoc su dung co hieu qua hen vb mat kinh te va thbi gian Tu do sc thuc day cac ngdn hang, nha tai tro va to chtrc quoc te khac mO rong quy mo tai tro va che vay ddi vdi Viet Nam.

Ben mbi thau cho du khong hieu biet vb linh vuc dau thau, vb doi tac cung cap may moc thiet bi cung co the quy tu duoc nhung thong tin xac thuc, day du

do phueng an thiet ke trong cong trinh dau thau (nhieu khi la!su hoi tu cua nhibu phueng an ky thuat khac nhau) cung nhu mot ke hoach dau thau da duoc xSy dung va chuan bi trudc Nhb do, dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi co the dem lai cho xa hoi nhibu cong trinh chat luong cao Hen nha tfnh canh tranh trong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi bao gib cung khien cac nha thau tham du phai ha gia thau Thong qua dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi Ben mbi thau co the ky ket cac hop dong mua sam may moc thiet bi vdi gia re, chat, luong tot, dam bao cho cong trinh phat huy hieu qua cao.

Dau thau la phueng phap mua ban co tinh cong bang, cong khai cao gop phan han che tinh trang thien vi, cam tinh va cac hoat dong “moc ngoac” Cung chinh' nhb tfnh cong bang, cong khai nay ma cac doanh nghiep muon tOn tai va phat trien phai ren rua, tu hoan thien va canh tranh bang kha nang cua chfnh minh.

Dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi thuc day cung may moc thiet bi gap cau may moc thiet bi giup cac hop dOng duoc ky ket nhanh chong va chfnh xac tiet kiem duoc thbi gian va nguon luc cho xa hoi Trong dau thau, thi trubng tuy thuoc ve ngubi ban, nhung doi vdi ngubi tham gia du thau thuc su co kha nang canh tranh thi xac suat trung thau lai lbn hen nhibu so vdi tren thi trubng tu do.

Luan van thacsy kinh te 10

* Doi vdi xa hoi

Kinh te Viet Nam ngay cang phat trien, nhu cau dau tu’ phai trien co sd ha tang ngay cang cao Nhu cau may mdc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem ngay cang ldn De mua sdm mot each co hieu qua may mdc thiet bi nhap khau phan ldn cac doanh nghiep da mua sSm thong qua dau thau Nhd cd phuong thu’e mua sSm da'u thdu, cac nha kinh doanh xuat nhap khau may mdc thiet bi phai canh tranh nhau de gianh duoc hop dong Chinh hoat dong canh tranh nay, lam cho cac doanh nghiep mua sSm may mdc thiet bi nhap khau tie! kiem duoc chi phi, chat luong may mdc thiet bi duoc nang cao Nhd do cac doanh nghiep cd von de dau tu vao cac cong trinh xfiy dung khac trong xa hoi Vo'n dau tu duoc sir dung hieu qua hon

Ngoai ra, thong qua hoat dong dau thau cac hien tuong lieu cue dan bi tricl

1.2 NOI DUNG QUY TRINH DAU THAU NHAP KHAU MAY MOC THIET BI CHO CAC CONG TRINH XAY DUNG TRONG DIEM

Hoat dong clau thau noi chung bao gom: dau thau tu van, dau thau cung cap hang hoa, dau thau xay lap Tat ca cac hoat dong dau thau deu cd quy trinh, noi dung co ban gio'ng nhau va nhung dac trung rieng cd cu the Trong khuon khd luan an tac gia chi dua ra noi dung quy trinh dau thau nhap khau may mdc thiet

bi, noi dung nay nam trong dau th^u cung ca'p hang hoa ma co ban la may moc thiet bi nhap khau phuc vu cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem

Noi dung quy trinh dau thau nhap khau may mdc thiet bi bao gom cac budc sau:

1.2.1. Xay dung ke hoach dau thau

Ke hoach dau thau nhap khau may mdc thiet bi do Ben mdi thau lap phai duoc ngudi cd tham quyen phe duyet Trudng hop chua du dieu kien lap ke hoach dau thau cua toan bo may mdc thiet bi can mua, Ben mdi thau cd thd lap

ke hoach dau thau cho tilng phan cua du an theo giai doan thuc hien nhung phai duoc ngudi cd tham quyen cho phep Khi xay dung ke hoach dau thau can dam

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bao d!y du 6 noi dung quy dinh lai khoan 2 Dicu 8 cua Quy che Dau tii.au 88/1999/ND-CP.

Phan chia goi thau

Viec phan chia goi lhau nhap khiiu may moc thiet bi can can cu vao cong nghe, tinh chat ky thuat cua may moc thiet bi hoac trinh lu nhu cau ve may moc thiet bi (loai nao can trudc, loai nao can sau) hay kha nang lhi trudng cung cap may moc thiel bi doi vdi thng chung loai may moc thiet bi can nhap khau.

Trong trudng hop dac biel, goi lhau cung co lhd chia thanh nhiCu phan de thuc hien theo mot hoac nhieu hop ddng va can quy dinh ro lrong hd so mdi thau de nha thau co the chao lhau cho mot, nhieu phfin hoac loan bo goi lhau Cac doanh nghiep khong duoc co linh chia du an thanh cac goi lhau nho de thuc hien chi dinh lhau hoac goi lhau qua ldn lam anh hudng den co hoi tham gia cua cac nha thau lrong nudc Khi phan chia goi thau, cac nha lhau can chu y den quy mo cua hop ddng dau thau Dam bao su thu hut canh tranh quoc te, phu hop vdi yeu cau thdi gian bieu cua du an.

1.2.1.2, Gia goi thau va ngudn tai chink

Gia goi thau duqc xay dung tren co sd phu hop vdi co cau tong muc dau lu trong bao cao nghien cUu kha thi hoac du loan, tOng du loan cua du an duoc ngudi co tha’m quyCn hoac c<p co tham quyen phe duyel Mdi goi th!u can xac dinh ro ngudn tai chink nhu von ngan sach, von tin dung do Nha nudc bao lanh., von tin dung dau tu phat lri.en cua Nha nudc, von d!u lu phat lrien cua doanh nghiep, von do nha thau thu xep hoac cac ngudn von khac .

Tuy theo linh chat cong viec cua thng goi thau va tinh hinh thuc te cua du an

de xac dinh hinh lhUc lua chon nha lhau va phuong thuc dau thau cho phu hop Viec dau lhau duoc thuc hien tren co so thng goi thau nghia la mot goi lhau chi

co mot hd so du thau va duoc lO chuc dau lhau mot ldn Tuong Ung vdi mdi goi thau chi co mot hinh thUc lua chon nha lhau va mol phuong lhuc dau thau.

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1.2.1.4 Thoi gian to chitc dau thau cho tung goi thau

khi cong bo ket qua dau thilu

1.2.1.5 Loai hop dong dp dung doi voi moi goi thau

Tuy theo tfnh chat va thdi gian thuc hien goi thau ma lira chon loai hop dong cho phu hop Trong trudng hop goi thau dupe thu’c hien theo nhieu hop dong thi cac hop dong do co the thuc hien theo cung hoac khac nhau ve loai hop dong tuy theo yeu cau noi dung va thdi gian thuc hien, nhung phai neu ro trong ho so mdi thau

I.2.I.6 Thdi gian thuc hien hop dong

Thoi gian thuc hien hop dong du kien cho tirng goi thau trong ke hoach dau thau phai phu hop vdi tien dd cua du an dupe duyet va tfnh kha thi cua viec thuc hien goi thau

1.2.2 So tuyen nha thau

1.2.2.1 Quy dinh chung ve so’ tuyen

Viec so tuyen phai dupe phai duoc tien hanh doi vdi cac goi thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi co quy mo 16'n, phuc tap ve ky thuat va cung cap cong nghc nham lua chon dupe cac nha thau co du nang luc va kinh nghiem thuc hien goi thau de tham gia dau thau Yeu cau ve viec phai so tuyen doi vdi mdi goi thau

cu the se dupe ngudi co tham quyen phe duyet trong ke hoach da'u thau

du cac tai lieu nang luc ve ky thuat' va tai chfnh Tu ke khai nang luc, kinh nghiem theo mSu do Ben mdi thau xay dung trong ke hoach dau thau da dupephe duyet

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1.2.2.2 Ho so1 mdi so tuyen

Ho so mdi so tuyen do Ben mdi thau lap hoac thuc chuyen gia thuc hien va phai duoc ngudi co tham quydn hoac cap co tham quyen phe duyet Noi dung cua ho so mdi so tuyen bao gom:

- Thong bao mdi so tuyen: gidi thieu chung ve dieu kien tham du thau, dia chiBen mdi thau va cac thu tuc can thiet khac

- Chi dan nop ho so du so tuyen

- Chi dan so tuyen: gidi thieu chung ve du an va goi thau, hudng dan nop hd

so so tuyen, cac cau hoi so tuyen, mau don xin du so tuyen

- Tieu chuan ve trinh dp nang luc, kinh nghiem

- Lieb, sir kien tung

- Cac thong tin cap nhat khac

1.2.2.3 Tieu chudn danh gid ho so du so tuyen

Viec danh gia ho so du so tuyen duoc tien hanh tren co sd chain didm theo 3 tieu chuan vdi noi dung chinh nhu sau:

* Kinh nghiem (khoang ttr 30-40% tong so diem), bao gom:

- Sd nam kinh nghiem hoat dong, nhat la trong linh vuc ngoai thuong

Sd luqng cac hop dong cd gia tri tit 50% trd ldn so vdi gia goi thau dang so tuyen da thuc hien trong vong 3 den 5 nam trd lai day;

- Sd lupng cac hop dong pham vi the" gidi, trong khu vuc va d Viet Nam trong vong 3 den 5 nam gan day cd tinh chat tuong tu nhu goi thau dang so tuyen.Rieng doi vdi goi thau nhap khau may mdc thid"t bi, tuy theo tinh chai cua tirng goi thau, yeu cau ve thdi gian cd the it hon 3 nam tren co sd phii hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te cua cong trinh va can dupe ngudi cd tham quyen hoac cap cd tham quyen chap thuan

diem cho tirng noi dung neu tren Diem sd dupe tinh theo thang diem 100 hoac

1000 diem

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- Nhung san pham kinh doanh chfnh;

- So lupng va trinh do can bo chuyen mon;

- Dil kien nhan sir va to chile hien trudng;

- Du kien thau phu;

- Kha nang bo tri thiet bi cho viec thuc hien goi thau;

- Kha nang lien danh lien ket va sir dung thau phu Viet Nam

- Doanh thu 3 den 5 nam gan day (tuy theo tu’ng goi thau);

- Tong tai san, von luu dong, lpi nhuan trudc va sau thue trong 3 den 5 nam gan day (tuy theo tirng goi thau);

- Gia tri cua cac phan hop dong dang thuc hien chua hoan chinh;

- Kha nang tin dung cua nha thau va dia chi cac ngan hang cung cap tin dung cho nha thdu

1.2.2.4 Danh gid ho so’ du' so tuyen

Viec danh gia ho so du so tuyen do Ben mdi thau hoac thue chuyen gia thuc hien Ho so du so tuyen dupe danh gia la dat yeu cau so tuyen khi dat so diem toi thieu tu' 60% tong so diem tro len va tirng tieu chuan ve nang luc ky thuat, nang luc tai chinh, kinh nghiem deu dat tir 50% trd len so vo’i diem toi da cua tieu chuan do

1.2.2.5 Ket qua so' tuyen

Ket qua so tuyen phai dupe ngudi co tham quyen hoac cap co tham quycn phe duyet tren co so ket qua danh gia cua Ben mdi thau, dam bao chon dupe cac nha thau co dii nang luc tham gia dau thau Khong dung cac tieu chuan vd hanh chinh phap ly de loai cac nha thau cd du nang lu’c, lam giam tinh canh tranh trong dau thau

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1.2.3. Mdi thau

1.2.3.1 Yeu cau dot vdi ho so" mdi thau

Ho sb mbi lhau do Ben mbi llulu (hoac thuc chuyen gia) lap phai duoc ngudi hoac cap co tham quyen phe duyet Thdi gian phe duyet toi da khong qua 20 ngay Ho sb mbi thau day du, chinh xac, ro rang, khach quan va phu hop vdi can cu’ de lap ho so mbi thau theo nhung noi dung sau:

hoa, tieu chuan cong nghe, tieu chuan san xuat, tinh nang ky thuat, ngudn goc thiet bi, thbi gian bao hanh, yeu ctiu vd moi trubng

* Ve mat thutfng mqi: gia du thau theo gia CIF, FOB hoac theo cac loai gia

khac, ddng tien bo thau va ty gia so sanh; ngudn goc lai chinh va cac vd'n delien quan khac nhu tin dung ngubi mua, tin dung ngubi ban, lai suat va phi cac loai, thbi gian vay tra; loai hop ddng va cac van dd co lien quan; didu kicn thanh loan

can neu ngay trong hd so mbi thau Khi tieu chuan danh gia neu trong hd sombi thau con chua cu the thi can lap tieu chuan danh gia chi tiet va phai duqc ngubi co tham quyen hoac cap co tham quyen phe duyet trudc khi mb thau

Nang luc san xuat kinh doanh: san pham san xuat va kinh doanh chinh; sdluqng va chung loai; so luqng va trinh do can bo chuyen mon; co sb vat chat ky thuat cua nha thau

Nang luc tai chinh: tong tai san, von luu dong, doanh thu lqi nhufln trudc va sau thue trong thbi gian 3 den 5 nam gtin day

Kinh nghiem: sd nam kinh nghicm, sd luqng cac hop dong tuong tu da thuc hien trong thbi gian 3 den 5 nam gdn day tai Viet Nam va nudc ngoai

Tuy theo tinh chat cua tirng goi thau, yeu c£u ve thbi gian, de tinh nang luc tai chinh (qua cac chi tieu ve tong tai san, von luu dong, doanh thu, lqi nhuan)

va yeu cau ve thbi gian da thuc hien cac hop dong tuong tu cd the quy dinh it

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han 3 nam tren co so phu hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te cua du an va can duoc ngudi

co tham quyen va cap cd tham quyen chap thuan

Khong tien hanh cha'm diem ma chi xem xet tren hai tieu thuc “dat” hoac

“khong dat” doi vdi 3 noi dung tren de xac dinh kha nang tham dU thau cua nhathan Nha thau dal ca 3 noi dung tren, duoc xem la du nang luc va kinh nghiem

de tham du thau

- Tieu chuan danh gia ve mat ky thuat de chon danh sach ngdn:

+ Yeu cau ve ky thuat

+ Kha nang dap Ung cac yeu cau ve pham vi cung' cap, so luong, chat luong hang hoa, tieu chuan cong nghe, tieu chuan san xuat, tinh nang ky thuat.+ Dac tinh kinh te ky thuat, ma hidu thie't bi vat tu, ten hang va nudc san xuat, nam san xuat

Tinh hop ly va hieu qua kinh te cua cac giai phap ky thuat bidn phap tO chuccung Ung vat tu thiet bi den noi lap dat

+ Kha nang cung cap ve tai chfnh (neu cd yeu cau)

+ Cac noi dung khac

+ Dieu kien hop dong: mUc do dap Ung cac dieu kien neu trong ho so moi thau

+ Thoi gian thuc hien hop dong so vdi yeu cau neu trong ho so mdi thau va cam ket hoan thanh hop dong cua nha thau

So dung thang didm 100 hoac 1000 de danh gia vdi cac noi dung neu tren vd mat ky thuat de chon danh sach ngSn Tuy theo tinh cha't cua tirng gdi thdu ma xac dinh ty trong diem, va mUc diem yeu cau toi thieu doi vdi ling noi dung Diem 'toi thieu cua tat ca cac noi dung tren theo quy dinh khong thap hon 70% tong so diem, nghia la diem toi thieu cd the la 70,71,72, 80% tuy theo tinh chat cua ting gdi thau

- Tieu chuan dua ve mot mat bang de xac dinh gia danh gia bao gdm nhung noi dung chu yeu sau:

Luan van thac sy kinh te _ 17

+ Thdi gian sir dung: tuoi tho may, thdi gian khau hao;

+ Cong suat cua toan bo day chuyen san xuat, cong suat cua thiet bi chfnh(tfnh ra gia don vi san pham) Tieu chuan chat lupng san pha'm;

+ Cong nghe san xuat: xuat xu cua thiet bi, tieu chuan che lao, trinh do cong

■nghe;

+ Chi phf van hanh: ton that khi van hanh tieu hao nguyen nhien vat lieu, phu tung thay the va cac khoan chi phf van hanh khac neu co;

+ Chi phf bao during duy tu, sua chu'a ld'n;

+ Didu kien thirong mai (dieu kien thanh loan, bao hanh) dieu kien tai chfnh(lai suat vay, cac loai phf)

- Cac noi dung khac:

Thue cac loai theo quy dinh cua phap luat lung thdi ky cu the

Bao hiem, bao hanh do'i vdi may moc thiet bi khi dua cong trinh vao khai thac su dung

1.2.3.2 Noi dung ho so' mdi thau

Tuy theo tfnh chat tfnh chat cua tirng goi thau, noi dung ho so mdi thau baogom:

- Thu’ mdi thau;

- MSu don dir thau;

- Chi dan dd'i vdi nha th&u;

- Cac dieu kien uu dai (neu cd);

- Cac loai thue theo quy dinh cua phap luat;

- Cac yeu cau ve cong nghe, vat tu, thiet bi, hang hoa, tfnh nang ky thuat va

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- Dieu kien chung va dieu kien cu the cua hop dong;

- MAu bao lanh du thiiu;

- MSu thoa thuan hop dong;

- Mau bao lanh thuc hien hop dong;

Ngoai ra de co thong tin chi tiet hon, noi dung ho so mdi thau doi vdi hoat dong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi dira tren mAu hudng dan cu the (tham khao tai phu luc so II)

1.2.3.3 Thong bao mdi thau

Can cd theo hinh thdc dau thau da dupe phe duyet trong ke hoach dau thau, Ben mdi thau chon hinh thuc thong bao mdi tluiu thfch hop Trudng hop ap dung hinh thdc dau thau rong rai, nhat thiet phai thong bao mdi thau tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung trudc khi phat hanh ho so mdi thau vdi thdi gian it nhat la 10 ngay Neu dau thau quoc te phai thong bao tren it nhat la mol

td bao tierig Anh dupe phat hanh rong rai tai Viet Nam

1.2.3.4 Phat hanh ho so mdi thau

theo gia thong nhat va theo thdng le qudc te doi vdi ddu thau quoc te, theo quy dinh cua Quy che Dau thau doi vdi dau thau trong nude

1.2.4 Nhan va quan ly ho so dir thau

Cac nha thau chuan bi ho so du thau theo dung yeu cau cua ho so mdi thau Trudng hop phat hien thay nhung noi dung khong hop ly trong ho so mdi thau, nha thau phai phan anh vdi Ben mdi thau de dieu chinh hoac bo sung ho so mdi thau Nhung noi dung cua ho so du thau dupe chuan bi theo ho so mdi thau do nha thau tu y thay doi deu khong dupe xem xet, danh gia

Cac nha thau nop ho so du thau theo dung noi dung, hinh thu'e va thdi gian quy dinh trong ho so mdi thau

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Ben mdi thau tiep nhftn ho so du thau theo dung thdi gian da quy dinh trong

ho so mdi thau va quan ly cac ho so du thau nop dung han theo che do quan ly

ho so mat Nghiem cam viec nhfln hd so du thau hoac cac tai lieu bo sung (cd tfnh chat lam thay doi noi dung hd so du thau), ke ca thu- giam gia sau thdi diem ddng thau

1.2.5 Mo thau

Sau thdi didm ddng th<iu khong qua 48 gid (gid lam vide), Ben mdi thau phaitien hanh mo cac hd so du thau trudc su' chung kien cua cac nha thau Thong tinchinh neu trong hd so du thau va gia du thau phai duqc thong bao cong khai trong budi mo th^u

Viec danh gia hd so du thau do Ben mdi thau thu'e hien theo you cau cua hd

so mdi thau, tieu chuan danh gia hd so du' thau da duqc duyet, tren co sd phu hop vdi hudng dan cua Quy che Dau thau, ddng thdi dam bao linh cong bang vaminh bach

* Danh gid sd bo hd so' die than

- Kiem tra tfnh hop le va xem xet su’ dap ung co ban cua hd so du thau

Ben mdi thau xem xet tinh hop le va su dap ung co ban cua tirng hd so du thdu doi vdi cac quy dinh trong hd so mdi thau nham xac dinh cac hd so du thau

du tu each de xem xet tiep Kiem tra tfnh hop le va su dap ung co ban cua hd so

du thau bao gom cac noi dung sau:

+ Giay dang ky kinh doanh, giay phep ban hang thuoc ban quyen cua nha san xuat doi vdi thiet bi phu’e tap va cac yeu cau neu trong hd so mdi thau;

+ Sd luqng ban chinh, ban chup hd so du thau theo yeu cau cua hd so mdi thau; don du thau duqc dien day du ,va cd chu ky hop le cua ngudi dung dau

to chile nha thau ky hoac cua ngudi duqc uy quyen kern theo giay uy quyen;+ Su hop le cua bao lanh du thau;

+ Nang luc va kinh nghiem cua nha thau;

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+ Cac phu luc tai lieu kem theo khac theo yeu cau cua ho so mdi thau;

+ Cac yeu cdu khac neu co

Lam ro ho so dir thau

Viec lam rd ho so du thau co the thuc hien true tiep hoac gian tiep nhung phai duoc thd hien bang van ban de lam co so phap ly cho viec xem xet danh gia ho so du thau Trong qua trinh lam rd nha thau khong duoc thay doi ho so

du thau va khong duoc thay doi gia du thau

- Loai bo ho so du thau

Ho so du tluiu bi loai bo khi khong dap ling vd tinh hop le, cac you cau co ban duoc coi la cac dieu kien tien quyet neu trong ho so mdi thau Theo do, cac didu kien tien quyet de loai bo ho so du thau bao gom:

+ Ten, nha thau khdng duoc co trong danh sach dang ky tham du va danh sach mua hoac duoc cap ho so mdi thau;

+ Ho so du thau khong nop dung dia diem va thdi han quy dinh trong ho so mdi thau, trong trudng hop nay ho so du thau se duoc tra lai theo nguyen trang;

+ Khdng cd bao lanh, hoac cd bao lanh du thau nhung khong hop le nhu cd gia tri thap hon, thdi gian hieu luc ngSn hon, gui khong dung dia chi theo yeu cdu neu trong ho so mdi thau;

+ Khong nop ban goc, chi nop ban chup ho so du thau;

+ Khong nop du cac giay td hop le quy dinh doi vdi dieu kien tham du thau nhu cac ban chup ve Giay dang ky kinh doanh, Giay phep ban hang thuoc ban quyen cua nha san xuft't nd'u cd ydu cdu;

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+ Nha th£u co ten trong hai hay nhieu ho so' dir thau cua cung mot goi thau vdi

tu each la nha thau doc lap hoac lien danh;

+ Khong dap ling nang luc ve kinh nghiem va tieu chuan danh gia neu trong

hd so mod thau va tieu chu&i danh gia chi tiel duoc duyet tru’dc thdi diem mdi thau;

+ Cac didu kien lien quycl khac co tinh dac thu cua gdi than;

Nha thau vi pham mot hoac cac dieu kidn tien quyet neu tren sc bi loai khong duoc xem xet tiep trong cac budc danh gia chi liet

* Danh gid chi tier ho set dit than

Budc 1: Danh gia vd mat ky thuat de chon danh sach ngan

Dua tren tieu chuan danh gia ve mat ky thuat, Ben mdi thau tien hanh danh gia ho so du thau tren co so chain diem

- Sua ldi

Su’a ldi la viec sua chua nhung sai sot bao gom ldi so hoc, ldi danh may, ldi nham don vi Neu co sai lech giua don gia va tong gia do viec nhan don gia vdi

sd luong thi don gia du thau se la co sd phap ly

Khi tien hanh sua ldi theo nguyen tac neu tren, Ben mdi thau thong bao cho nha thau bicl Neu nha thau khong chap nhan viec su’a ldi thi hd so du’ thau do

se bi loai Trudng hop ho so du thau cd ldi sd hoc sai khac qua 15% (tinh theo gia tri tuyet doi, khong phu thuoc vao viec lam tang hay giam gia du thau khi xac dinh gia danh gia) so vdi gia du’ thau cung sc khong du’pc xem xet tiep

- Hieu chinh cac sai lech

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B6 xung, hoac dieu chinh cac noi dung chao thira hoac chao thieu so vdi yeu cau cua ho so mdi th^u;

Khi xac dinh gia danh gia, phiin chao thira sc duoc trir di, phan chao thien se duoc cong them theo nguyen tac neu khong the tach ra trong gia du thau thi lay

(neu chao thira) lrong sd cac hd so du’ lhau khac Ihuoc danh sach ngan

+ Bo xung hoac dieu chinh nhung khac biet giua cac phan cua hd so du thau;Viec hieu chinh nhung khac biet trong hd so du thau nham dam bao tinh nhat quan cua hd so du th&u Nhung khac biet trong hd so du thau trudng hop can duqc hieu chinh bao gom:

Trudng hop co sai lech giua gia tri viet bang sd duqc the hien lrong cac ban hoac bieu va gia tri viet bang chu trong ban thuyet minh thi gia tri viet bang chu

la co sd phap ly;

Trudng hop co su sai lech giua don gia tong hop trong Bieu gia tong hop va don gia chi tiet trong Bieu phan tfch don gia thi don gia chi tiet se la co so phap ly;

Trudng hop co su sai lech giua noi dung chao ve ky thuat va noi dung chao

vd tai chinh thi noi dung chao ky thuat la co sd phap ly;

Hd so du thau co tong gia tri cac sai lech 10% (tfnh theo gia tri tuyet doi, khong phu thuoc vao viec lam tang hay giam gia du thau khi xac dinh gia danh gia) so vdi gia du thau se bi loai khong xem xet tiep

+ Chuyen doi gia du thau sang mot ddng tien chung

Chuyen doi gia du thdu neu co theo ty gia do Ben mdi thau quy dinh tai hd

so mdi thau

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* Xep hang ho sa die than

1.2.6. Tham dinh, phe duyet va cong bo ket qua dau thau

1.2.6.1 Trinh duyet ket qua dau thau

Can cur ket qua danh gia va xep hang cac hd so du thau, Ben mdi thau trinh ket qua dau thau len ngudi co tham quyen hoac cap co tham quyen xem xet quyet dinh vd ket qua da'u thau, dong thdi gui hd so trinh den co quan tham dinh theo phan cap Hd so trinh duyet gom:

* Van ban trinh duyet ket qua dau than

Noi dung goi thau va co so phap ly cua viec to chiic dau thau;

- Qua trinh to chuc dau thau;

- Ket qua danh gia hd so du thau;

- De nghi phe duyet ket qua dau thau, trong do neu rd ten nha thau dupe dd nghi trung thau (ke ca ten nha thau lien danh hoac thau phu neu cd), gia

de nghi trung thau, loai hop dong va thdi gian thuc hien Doi vdi gia de nghi trung thau phai de cap den cac noi dung lien quan nhu thue, du phong, truot gia neu cd

* Tai lieu kem theo van ban trinh duyet

- Bao cao danh gia hd so du thau cua To chuyen gia hoac tu van;

- Quyet dinh dau tu hoac van ban phap ly tuong duong, Dieu udc quoc te vd tai trp neu cd;

- Van ban phe duyet cac noi dung co ban cua qua trinh dau thau;

- Quyet dinh thanh lap To chuyen gia hoac tu van;

Luan van thac sy kinh te 24

- Du thao hop dong neu co;

- Ho so moi thau va ho so dir thau cua cac nha thdu;

- Y kien, so bo ve ket qua dau thdu cua to chuc tai trg nudc ngoai neu cd;

- Cac tai lieu co lien quan khac

I.2.6.2 Tham dinh ket qua dau thau

Ket qua dau thau do Ben mdi thau trinh can duoc co quan giup viec (theo phan cap) cua ngudi co tham quyen hoac cap co tham quyen tham dinh trudc khi phe duyet Noi dung tham dinh bao gom viec xcm xet, kic’m tra qua trinh to chUc dau thau, danh gia cac hO so du thau cua Ben mdi thau tren co sd tuan thu nghiem tuc cac quy dinh phap ly ve dau thau Phat hien nhung noi dung khong (hoac chua) hop ly trong cac tai lieu dau thau

* Trach nhiem tham dinh

Co quan tham dinh va ca nhan tham dinh ket qua dau thau phai dam bao am hieu ve cong tac dau thau, nftm vung Quy che Dau thau, khong tham gia To chuyen gia giup viec dhu thau goi thau do minh co trach nhiem tham dinh, dam bao tinh trung thuc, khach quan, cong bang trong cong tac tham dinh va chiu trach nhiem ve cac y kien tham dinh cua minh

* Noi dung tham dinh ket qua dau thau

Hoi dong tham dinh can kiem tra nhung can cu phap ly doi vdi vice to chuc dau th<u: quyet dinh ddu tu duoc duyet, ke hoach dau thau duoc duyet, quyet dinh phe duyet ho so mdi thau, tieu chuan danh gia duoc duyet, quyet dinh phe duyet danh sach ngan tu van tham du thau va danh sach xep hang cac nha thau

ve de xuat ky thuat, va tai chinh doi vdi tuyen chon tu van, quyet dinh thanh lap

To chuyen gia va quyet dinh khac co lien quan neu co;

Quy trinh va thdi gian to chUc dau thau: la mot trong nhung noi dung tham dinh quan trong bao gom thdi gian phat hanh hd so mdi thau, thdi gian chuan bi

ho so du thau, thdi gian md thau (theo bien ban md thau), thdi gian danh gia ho

so du thau so vdi quy dinh;

Luan vSn thac sy kinh te 25

Kiem tra noi dung danh gia ho so du thau cua To chuyen gia: tai lieu chain diem, y kien nhan xet danh gia cua tirng chuyen gia, bao cao tong hop cua TO chuyen gia, danh gia cua tu van nude ngoai neu co, sir phu hop cua noi dung danh gia theo you cau cua ho so mdi thau va lieu chuan danh gia dupe duycl, muc dp chfnh xac cua viec danh gia;

Ben canh do bp phan tham dinh can kiem tra nhu’ng noi dung con chua ro trong ho so trinh duyet ket qua dau thau;

Nhung y kien khac nhau neu cd giua To chuyen gia, tu van nu'dc ngoai, Ben mdi thau va cac y kien khac

* Noi clung van ban hcio cao tham dinh

Sau khi tham dinh, Hoi dong tham dinh can phai lam van ban Bao cao tham dinh bao gom cac noi dung sau:

Khai quat ve du an va gdi thau: neu khai quat ve noi dung du an va noi dung gdi thau, co so phap ly doi vdi viec trien khai thuc hien dau thau;

Mo ta tom tat qua trinh dau thau va ket qua xet thau do co quan trinh duycl

de nghi;

Nhan xet chung cua co quan tham dinh ve mat phap ly, ve qua lrinh to clitic dau thau va xet thau, ve dd nghi cua co quan trinh duyet doi vdi ket qua dau thau;

Kien nghi cua co quan tham dinh ve ket qua dau'thau va hudng giai quyet doi vdi nhu’ng trudng hop con co van dd

* Thdi gian tham dinh ket qua ddu than

Thdi gian tham dinh ket qua dau thau quy dinh tai khoan 2 Dieu 54 cua Quy che Dau thau 88CP khong qua 30 ngiy doi vdi cac gdi thau thuoc tham quydn phe duyet cua Thu tu'dng Chfnh phu, khong qua 20 ngay doi vdi gdi thau khac

ke tir khi nhan du ho so hop le Doi vdi gdi thau cd quy md nhd, tuy theo tinh chat cua tirng gdi thau, viec tham dinh ket qua dau thau se tuy thuoc vao you cau cua ngudi cd tham quyen hoac cap cd tham quyen tru’dc khi phfi duycl Thdi

Luan van thac sy kinh te 26

gian thftm dinh ket qua da'u thau goi thau quy mo nhb khong qua 7 ngay, ke tir ngay nhan du ho so

1.2.6.3 Phe duyet ket qua dau thau

Phe duyet ket qua da'u thau thuoc trach nhiem cua ngudi co tham quyen hoac cap co tham quyOn quy dinh lai Didu 52 va Dieu 53 ciia Quy che Dau than 88CP Trit nhu’ng goi thau co vuo’ng mUc can xu ly, thdi gian phe duyet ket qua

cac goi than do Thu tudng Chfnh phu phe duyet thuc hien theo Quy che lam viec cua Chfnh phu

1.2.6.4 Cong bo ket qua dau thau

Tren co’ sd de nghi cua Ben mdi thau va y kien tham dinh cua co quan tham dinh da'u thau, ngudi co tham quydn va cap co tham quyen xem xet, phe duyet ket qua dau thau de Ben mdi thau thong bao ket qua dau thau vdi nha thau Ben mdi thau khong cd trach nhidm giai thfch ly do khong trung thau doi vdi cac nha thau khdng trung thau

Ben mdi thau phai gui thong bao trung thau bSiig van ban tdi nha thau trung thau kem theo du thao hop dong va nhung diem lu’u y can trao ddi khi thuong thao hoan thien hop dong Dong thdi Ben mdi thau cung thong bao cho nha thau lich bieu neu ro yeu cau ve thdi gian thuong thao hoan thien hop dong, nop bao lanh thuc hien hop dong va ky hop dong

1.2.7 Th irong thao hoan thien va ky hop dong

Khi nhan duo’c thong bao trung thau, nha thau trung thau phai gu’i cho Ben mdi thau thu chap thuAn thuong thao hoan thien hop ddng Trong pham vi khdng qua 30 ngay ke th ngay thong bao, neu Ben mdi thau khong nhan duoc thu chap thuan hoac thu tir cho'i cua nha thau, Ben mdi thau can bao cao ngudi

cd tham quyen hoac cap cd tham quyen xem xet quyet dinh

Theo lich bieu da duoc thong nhat, hai Ben se tien hanh thuong thao, hoan thien hop ddng de tien tdi ky hop ddng chfnh thirc

Luan van thac sy kinh te 28

duqc the hien thong qua cac budc tien hanh dau thau Chinh vi vay, co che quan

ly phai tao ra moi trudng thuan lqi cho dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet biphat trien va hoan thien hon Neu co che dau thau nhap khfiu may moc thiet bi

ma phu hop, tao dieu kien thuan lqi cho cac nha thau cung nhu Ben goi thau thi viec dau thau se didn ra nhanh chong thuan lqi, Ben mdi thiiu sc cd dieu kien de

thiet bi khong tao ra moi trudng thuan lqi cho cac nha thau, kha nang thu hut cac nha thau se bi giam sut, Ben goi thau se bi han che trong viec lua chon cac nha thau Doi khi, quan ly dau thau nhap khau may moc thiel bi khong lol se gay lang phi Ion cho Ben mdi thau, cho xa hoi

1.3.2 Thi trudng va canh tranh tren thi trirdng

May moc thiet bi cho xay dung nhung cong trinh chiem vi tri quan lrong trong su nghiep cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa dd't nudc Thuc chat day la co so quan trong de thuc hien cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem

Nhu cau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem phu thuoc nhidu vao thi trudng cung cap may moc thiet bi, thi trudng xay dung

co ban Thi trudng xay dung se tac dong manh den dau vao va dau ra cua qua trinh thuc hien du an Chinh thi trudng xay dung co ban da lam phat sinh nhu cau dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi va la muc tieu phuc vu cho cong tac dau thau Thong qua thi trudng xay dung co ban, cac yeu to khong hop ly lrong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi se bi dao thai, nhung yeu to' tich cue se duqc kfch thfch de nang cao hieu qua cua cong tac dau thdu Chinh vi vay, thi trudng la dong luc, la mdi trudng, la dieu kien khing dinh va thuc hien cong tac dau thftu

Tuy nhien, thi trudng cung cap may moc thiet bi cung nhu thi trudng xay

i

dung co ban phat trien khdng on dinh Nhieu bien dong, cung cau va gia ca len xuong that thudng, mang tfnh thdi vu cao Chinh nhung yc'u to nay tac dong manh den viec xay dung cac yeu to' trong dau thau dac biet la gia vice xac dinh gia du thau

Luan van thac sy kinh te 29

Tfnh canh tranh tren thi trudng cung cap may moc thiet bi, thi trudng xay dung co ban ngay cang cao Canh tranh la dong luc co ban thuc day su phat trien Nhd co yeu to canh tranh trong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi, Ben mdi thau co dieu kien de lira chon nha thSu dat yeu efiu nhat

Thi trudng va canh tranh tren thi trudng la hai yeu to quan trong anh hudng den dau thau Khi tien hanh da'u thfiu nhap khau may moc thiet bi, Ben mdi thfiu can nhu cau ky hai nhan to nay

1.3.3. Von dau tuva nguon von dau tir

Vo'n la van de vo cung quan trong doi vdi cac doanh nghiep dac bict la cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam De to chtrc dau thau, Ben mdi thau cung nhu Ben du thau phai cd mot luqng von nhat dinh phu hop vdi goi thau

Trong dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xay dung trong didm, cac doanh nghiep tham gia phai cd mot lupng von tuong doi ldn Boi may moc thiet bi nhap khau phan ldn la hang hoa cd gia tri cao cac doanh nghiep nhd, khdng cd du vo'n, kho cd the tham gia thau Chinh vi vay, ve phfa chu dau tu can xac dinh chfnh xac nguon vo'n cua minh:

- VO'n vay nudc ngoai

- Vo'n do ngan sach nha nude ca'p

- Vo'n huy dong

- Vo'n vay ngan hang

1.3.4 Thong tin - edng nghe

Thong tin la van de quan trong cho moi cuoc da'u thau, cho ca Bdn mdi thau lan Ben du thau

Luan van thac sy kinh te 30

Thong tin giup cho Ben mdi thau hieu rd ve hang hoa ma minh muon mua sSm, hidu ro vd thi trudng, tir do de x&y dung cac dieu kien trong goi thau Cung nhd co thong tin, Ben mdi thiiu co co sd de lira chon cac nha thau cd dieu kien tot nhat trong dieu kien cd thd de thuc hien hop dong

De tham gia du thau, cac nha thau can cd nhung thong tin cfln thiet ve gdi thau minh dinh tham gia De thSng thdu, cac nha thilu ciin cd nhirng thong tin can thiet ve thi trudng hang hoa lien quan den gdi thau Dac biet de thang thau, nha thau can tim kiem thong tin've cac doi thu canh tranh trong gdi thau ma minh dinh tham gia Cd nhu vay, nha thau mdi cd the chao ban cd hieu qua.Muon dat duoc cac ket qua tren, cac Ben tham gia can cd thong tin day du, toan dien, chinh xac, chi tidt de dat duoc hieu qua khi tham gia Trong cac thong tin ke tren phai ke den thong tin ve cong nghe su dung cho cac cong trinh xay dung cua du an

May mdc thiet bi la nhirng hang hoa mang nang tinh ky thuat va kinh te

dai hoa Cong nghe cho cac cong trinh xay dung ngay cang trd nen hien dai Cong nghe sir dung cang hidn dai vdi chi phi hop ly sc giup cho cac cong trinhxay dung nang cao nang suat va chat luong

1.3.5 Trinh do nghiep vu cua cac thanh vien tham gia dau thau

Con ngudi la nhan to' quan trong, anh hudng true tiep den ket qua dau thau

De dau thau didn ra mot each khoa hoc, hieu quit can cd nhung can bo gidi trong linh vuc dau thau

Trude het can cd can bo quan ly gidi; Sau do can cd cac can bo chuyen mon khac cd trinh do va nang luc dieu hanh to't Nhat la trong dau thau nhap khfiu may mdc thiet bi ciin phai cd nhung can bo am hieu vd ky thuat, chat luong may

i

moc thiet bi va trinh dd nghidp vu ngoai thuong, ngoai ngu' la mot yeu can khong the thieu duoc doi vdi nhap khau may mdc thiet bi, trinh do ngoai ngu' anh hudng tdi viec trao doi thong tin, hop dong

De cd cac can bo gioi, c£n lam tot cong tac tuyen chon va dao tao can bo trong linh vuc dau th<iu

Luan vSn thac sy kinh te 31

Chuang 2

2.1 CAC CONG TRINH TRONG DIEM 0 VIET NAM VA SU CAN THIET PHAI DAU THAU NHAP KHAU MAY MOC THIET BI

Tur khi chuyen doi sang co che thi trudng, nen kinh te Viet Nam co nhung budc chuyen bien sau sac tren nhieu linh vuc Vdi xu the phat trien mdi, Viet Nam da tien hanh dau tu, phat tridn nen kinh te xa hoi Rat nhieu cong trinh mdi duoc thurc hien Dac biet, mot so cong trinh trong diem quoc gia da dupe hoan thanh va tiep tuc hoan thanh

Mdi quoc gia ddu cd cac chuong trinh trong diem cua ti'rng giai doan phat trien kinh te xa hoi Ngay d Viet Nam chuong trinh trong diem cua Chinh phu

de ra cd rat nhieu va phuc vu toan ndn kinh te quoc dan vdi muc dfch ca kinh te lln xa hoi Cac chuong trinh kinh te xa hoi trong diem d Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua gom:

- Chuong trinh xoa doi giam nghco

- Chuong trinh nudc sach va ve sinh mdi trudng nong thon

- Chuong trinh dan so ke hoach hoa gia dinh

- Chuong trinh ve vide lam

- Chuong trinh thanh toan mot so benh xa hoi va benh dich nguy hiem (Bao gom ca HIV/AIDS)

- Chuong trinh phong chong toi pham

- Chuong trinh phong chong ma tuy

- Chuong trinh van hoa

- Chuong trinh dao tao van dong vien tai nang quoc gia va xay dung cac trung tarn the thao trong diem

Luan van thac sykinh te 32

Dd thuc hien mot sd chuong trinh trong diem Nha nude can phai xay dung cac cong trinh trong diem Tieu chi phan biet cong trinh trong dicm vdi cac cong trinh xay dung khac can phai dua vao cac chi tieu nhu quy mo, tdng mdc von dau tu, cap phe duyet va su ddng gop cho chien luqc phat trien kinh te cua quoc gia Dd chinh la cac du an nam trong nhom A duqc quy dinh cu the hoa trong Quy che quan ly dau tu va xay dung Nghi dinh sd 12/2000/ND-CP ngay 5 thang 5 nam 2000 cua Chinh phu

STT DITAN DAU TU NH6M A

TONG MUC •VON DAUTU

1 Cac du an thuoc pham vi bao ve an ninh, quoc

phong cd tinh bao mat quoc gia, cd y nghia chinh

tri-xa hoi quan trong, thanh lap va xay dung ha tang

khu cong nghiep mdi

Khdng kd mirevon

2 Cac du an: san xuat chat doc hai chat no khong phu

thuoc vao quy mo von dau tu

Khong ke mu’e von

3 Cac du an: cong nghiep dien, khai thac dau khi, che

bien dau khi, hoa chat, phan bon, che tao may (bao

gom ca mua va ddng tau, lap rap o to), xi mang,

luyen kim, khai thac, che bien khoang san; cac du an

giao thong: cau cang bien, cang song, san bay,

dudng sat dudng quoc 10

Tren 600

ty ddng

4 Cac du an: thuy lqi giao thong (khac d diem 3), cap

thoat nudc va cong trinh ha tdng ky thuat, ky thuat

dien, san xuat thiet bi thdng tin, dien tir tin-hoc, hoa

duqc thiet bi y te, cong trinh co khi khac, san xuat

vat lieu, buu chinh vidn thong

Tren 400

ty ddng

5 Cac du an: ha tang ky thuat cua khu do thi mdi; cac

du an: cong nghidp nhe, sanh, sd, thuy tinh, in; mua

sam thiet bi cho xay dung co ban, san xuat nong,

lam nghiep, nuoi trong thuy san, che bien nong, lam

san

Tren 300

ty ddng

6 Cac du an: y te, van hoa, giao due, phat thanh,

truydn hinh xay dung dan dung, kho tang, du lich,

the due the thao, nghien cuu khoa hoc va cac du an

khac

Tren 200

ty dong

Luan van thac sy kinh te 33

Trong 10 nam qua d Viet Nam co cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem da

va dang trien khai xay dung dua vao str dung nhu sau: (xem hieu 1)

xay dung

Nang lire thiet ke

16 Nha may xi mang Hoang Thach II I lai Duong 1,2tr lan/nam

32 Dai phat song phat thanh Bac Bo Hung Yen Dai phat thanh TN VN

Nguon: Bo ke hoach ddu tic

Luan van thac sy kinh te 34

De cac cong trinh xay dung trong diem tren di vao hoat dong, Viet Nam can mua sSm, nhap khau mot lupng ldn cac may moc thiet bi Phan ldn cac may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh xSy dung trong diem ddu dupe mua sam theo nguon nhap khau Chfnh vi vSy, nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho'cac cong trinh trong diem nhu the nao cho hieu qua la van de quan trong doi vdi Viet Nam hien nay

2.1.2, Sir can thiet phai dau thau nhap khau may moc thiet bi cho cac cong trinh trong diem 6 Viet Nam

De dap ung nhu cau phat trien ngay cang tang cua moi lmh vuc trong ndn kinh te, van de nhap khau may moc thiet bi la van dd khdng the thid'u dupe Nhap khau may moc thiet bi noi chung, may moc thic't bi cho xay dung cac cong trinh trong diem noi rieng anh hudng true tiep den van de dau tu phat trien kinh te xa hoi

Viet Nam la mot nudc dang trong qua trinh cong nghiep hoa va hien clai hoa dat nudc Nhu cau ve cai tao, nang cao chat lupng cua co so ha tang; nhu cau vd dau tu phat trien san xuat ngay cang dupe nang cao Nhung dd dap u’ng dupe cac nhu cau dd, doi hoi phai cd mot tiem nang khong nhd vd von dau tu Mot mat, de dau tu cd hieu qua, cac doanh nghiep can phai lim moi each de giam chi phi ma vSn nang cao dupe chat lupng cua cac cong trinh dau tu Dau thau la mot loai hinh thue mua sSm giup cho cac doanh nghiep cd kha nang dat dupe cac muc tieu tren Thong qua hoat dong dau thau, doanh nghiep cd kha nang lua chon du'pc cac nha thau vdi chi phf ho’p ly nhat, dam bao dupe chat lupng cua may moc thiet bi Mat khac, Viet Nam la mot nu’dc ngheo, von dau tu cho cac cOng trinh dac biot la cho cac cong trinh trong diem quoc gia phan ldn phai di vay De vay dupe lien dfiu tu xay dung cac cong trinh trong diem, Viet Nam phai tuan thu cac dieu kien cua cac to clitic cho vay Mot trong nhung dieu kien

de vay tien cua Quy tidn te the gidi, Quy hd trp phat tridn kinh te la phai mua sam thong qua dau thau

May moc thiet bi nhap khau la loai hang hoa cd gia tri cao, cd nhidu nha cung cap vdi chat lupng hang hoa tuong duong Thong tin ve nha cung cap rat

Luan vSn thac sy kinh te 35

da dang Mua slm may moc thiet bi nhlp khau thong qua hoat dong dau thau se giup cho doanh nghiep lua chon duqc cac nha thfiu phu hop, hieu qua

Chinh vi vay, hien nay, trong mua sSm may moc thiet bi nhap khau, cac doanh nghiep phai mua sam thong qua hinh thiic da'u thau Dau thfiu nhap khau may moc thiet bi sc giup cho cac cOng trinh xay dung trong diem b nuoc la ngay cang phat huy duqc hieu qua

2.2 PHAN TICH THUC TRANG HOAT DONG DAU THAU NHAP KHAU MAY MOC THIET BI CHO CONG TRINH TRONG DIEM 0 VIET NAM

2.2.1. Tinh hinh nhap khau may moc thiet bi b Viet Nam

Thdi ky doi mdi kinh te cua Viet Nam duqc xem nhu bat dau tir thing 12 nam 1986 Tuy nhien, tren thuc te nen kinh te Viet Nam chi thuc su duqc coi la

co su chuyen bien theo hudng “doi mdi” do Dai hoi Dang toan quoc lan thu VI

de ra til sau khi Lien Xo va cac nudc Dong Au sup do (nam 1991) Tir dd den nay dat nudc da that su cd nhung bien doi sau sic Hoal dong nhap khau tu lieusan xuat noi chung, may moc thiet bi noi rieng cd nhung budc tien vuqt bac Nhd thuc hien chinh sach mb cira, da phuong hoa, da dang hoa quan lie kinh te doi ngoai den nay Viet Nam da cd quan he buon ban vdi hon 104 nude va lanh tho thuoc moi chau luc tren the gidi Dac biet Viet Nam da ky Hiep dinh hieptac thuong mai vdi EU, binh thudng hoa quan he vdi Hoa Ky (12-7-1995); Viet Nam da gia nhlp ASEAN va cam ket thuc hien AFTA Nudc ta cung da tham gia nhieu to chile kinh te quoc te Dd la nhung dieu kien thuan lqi de nudc ta day nhanh toe do phat trien kinh te, mb rong buon ban va hop tac kinh te Nhap khau tu lieu san xuat noi chung va may moc thiet bi noi rieng cung ddng gop dang ke vao hoat dong thuong mai cua Viet Nam giai doan hidn nay

Luan van thacsykinh te 36

Don vi : Trien USD

Nam z gia tri

Nguon: Nien giam thong ke nam 1999; Bo Ke hoach va Ddu iw

Cac mat hang tu lieu san xuat chu yeu nhap khau cua Viet Nam giai doan nay

la xi mang, clinker, phan bon, thep cac loai, sam lop 6 to, linh kien 6 to, xe may IKD, CKD, xang dau, nguyen lieu nganh det, may, nguyen lieu da, thuoc tru' sau Nhung ty trong nhap khau may moc thiet bi hang nam vAn dat 20-30% tong gia tri tu lieu san xuat nhap khau (xem bieu 2)

Nhu vay, trong giai doan nay nhAp khau tu lieu san xuat co xu hudng bien doi theo hudng phu hop, tfch cue nhAp khau may mdc thiet bi, cong nghe che bien, nang cao nang luc san xuAt trong nude, san pham san xuat ra da dap ung dupe tuong doi nhung san pham trudc dAy phai nhap ngoai la chfnh nhu sAt xay dung,

xi mang va mot sd mat hang tieu dung khac, giai quyct dupe cong an viec lam tai chd cho luc luong lao ddng tuong doi ldn

Trong giai doan 1996-2000, giai doan nay nhap khau tu lieu san xuat cung co nhieu bien doi so vdi trudc dAy, tuy co tang nhung toe dp tang kim ngach nhap khau noi chung khong cao, chi cd 8,7% so vdi giai doan trudc la 24,3% Chung

ta cd the thay cu the trong bang sau: (xem bieu 3)