Tiêu chuẩn iso 10406 1 2015

5 Test method for cros -sectional proper ties 5.1 Test piec es 5.1.1 Preparatio of test piec es Tes pie es shal be cut t o a pr det ermined length an f inished flat at their cut en from

Fibre-reinforc ed pol ymer (FRP)

Part 1:

Polymè e r n or é p r des fibre s (PR ) p ur l’armatur du b to —

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Contents Pag e

F r eword v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms, definitio s, and symb ls 1

3.1 Te msan definitions 1

3.2 Symb ls 5

4 General provision c onc erning test piec es 6

5 Test metho for cros -sectio al pr operties 6

5.1 Tes pie es 6

5.2 Tes method 6

5.3 Calculations 7

5.4 Tes rep rt 8

6 Test metho for tensie pr oper ties 8

6.1 Tes pie es 8

6.2 Tes eq ipment 9

6.3 Tes method 9

6.4 Calculations 9

6.5 Tes rep rt 1

7 Test metho for b nd str eng th b pul-out testing 13

7.1 Tes pie es 1

7.2 Tes ing machine an devic s 1

7.3 Tes method 1

7.4 Calculations 1

7.5 Tes rep rt 1

8 Test metho for per formanc e of anchorag es and c oupler s 18

8.1 Tes method for pe formanc of anchorag es 1

8.2 Tes method for pe formanc of couple s 1

8.3 Tes rep rt 1

9 Test metho for lo g -ter m r elaxation 20 9.1 Tes pie es 2

9.2 Tes ing frame an devic s 2

9.3 Tes temperatur e 2

9.4 Tes method 2

9.5 Calculations 2

9.6 Tes rep rt 2

10 Test metho for tensie fatig ue 23 1 1 Tes pie es 2

1 2 Tes ing machine an devic s 2

1 3 Tes temperatur e 24

1 4 Tes method 24

1 5 Calculations 2

1 6 Tes rep rt 2

11 Test metho for alkal r esistanc e 25 1 1 Tes pie es 2

1 2 Imme sion in alkalne solution 2

1 3 Ex te nal a pear anc an mas chang e 2

1 4 Tensie tes 2

1 5 Calculations 2

1 6 Tes rep rt 2

1 1 Tes pie es 2

1 2 Tes ing frame an devic s 2

1 3 Tes temperatur e 2

1 4 Tensie ca acity 2

1 5 Tes method 2

1 6 Calculations 3

1 7 Tes r ep rt 3

13 Test metho for transver se she r str eng th 31 1 1 Tes pie es 3

1 2 Tes ing machine an devic s 3

1 3 Tes temperatur e 3

1 4 Tes method 3

1 5 Calculations 3

1 6 Tes r ep rt 3

14 Test metho for flex ral tensie properties 34 14.1 Tes pie es 34

14.2 Tes ing u it an devic s 34

14.3 Tes method 3

14.4 Calculations 3

14.5 Tes r ep rt 3

15 Test metho for the c oeficient of long itudinal thermal ex pansio b ther mo-mechanical anal ysis 36 1 1 Tes pie es 3

1 2 Tes ing devic 3

1 3 Tes method 3

1 4 Calculations

3 1 5 Tes r ep rt 3

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwide fede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normal y car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g overnmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not beheld r sponsible for identifying any or al such pat ent right Detai s of any

p t ent right identif ied d ring the develo ment of the document wi l be in the Introd ction an / r on

the ISO l s of pat ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel asinformation a out ISO’ s ad e enc t o the WTO principles in theTe hnical Bar ie s

t o Trade (TBT), se the fol owing URL: F or word — Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is ISO/TC 7 , Co c rete, r inorc ed c onc rete a d pre -s tr s s ed

c onc rete, Subcommitt ee SC 6, No -traditio al r in orc in materials fr c onc rete s truc tur s

This se on edition canc ls an r plac s the f irs edition (ISO 1 40 -1:2 0 ), w hich has be n t ech icaly

r vised

ISO 1 40 consis s of the folowing part , u de the g ene al title Fibre -r inorc ed p ly me (F P)

r inorc ement o c onc rete — Tes t meth ds:

— Part 1: F P b rs a d grids

— Part 2 : F P she ts

Fibre-reinforc ed pol ymer (FRP) reinforc ement of

Part 1:

This p rt of ISO 1 406 spe if ies t es methods a plca le t o fibr -r infor ed p lyme (FRP) b rs an

grids as r infor ement or pr -s r s ing t en ons in conc et e

2 Normati ve referenc es

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F r un at ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a ples

ISO 2 1:2 08, Plas tic s — Sta dard atmos phe es fr c onditio in a d tes tin

ISO 36 11, G eometric al produc t s pec ific atio s (GPS) — Dimens io al meas urin eq ipment: Mic romete s fr

ex te n l meas ur ments — Des ig a d metrolo ic al charac te i s tic s

ISO 47 8, L b rator y glas swar — Gradu ted meas urin cylnde s

ISO 7 0 -1, Metal c mate ial s — Ve ific atio o s tatic u iaxial tes tin machines — Part 1: Tens io /c ompr s s io

tes tin machines — Verific atio a d c albratio o the frc e -meas urin sys tem

ISO 1 3 5-1, G eometric al produc t s pec ific atio s (GPS) — Dimens io al meas urin eq ipment — Part 1:

Cal pe s; Des ig a d metrolo ic al ch rac te i s tic s

3 Terms, definitions, and symbols

3.1 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the fol owing t erms and definitionsa ply

3.1.1

alkal nity

con ition of ha ing or containing hydro y l (OH- ions; containing alkal ne subs anc s

Note 1to entry: In conc ete, the initial alkaline en ironment has a pH a ove 1

3.1.2

anchorag e reinfor ement

lat ic d or spiral r infor ing st eel or FRP con e t ed with the anchorag e and ar ang ed behin it

3.1.3

anchoring sectio

en p rt of a t es pie e w he e an anchorag e is f itt ed t o transmit lo ds from the t es ing machine t o the

t es se tion

bending diameter ratio

ratio of the ext ernal diamet er of the defle t or surfac in contact with the FRP b r, an the nominal

diamet er of the FRP b r

3.1.7

bending tensi e capacity

t ensie lo d at the moment of faiur of the t es pie e

3.1.8

coef icient of thermal expansion

a e ag e coefficient of l near the mal ex ansion betwe n given t empe atur s

Not e 1t o entry: T e avera e of the given temperatures is taken as the representative t emperature

c e p faiure capacity

lo d causing faiur aft er a spe ified pe iod of time from the s art of a sus ained lo d

Not e 1 to entry: In particular, the lo d causing failure aft er 1mil ion hour is refer ed t o as the mil ion-hour c e p

failure capacity

3.1.12

c e p faiure strength

s r s causing fai ur aft er a spe if ied pe iod of time from the s art of a sus ained lo d

Not e 1 to entry: In particular, the lo d causing failure aft er 1mil ion hour is refer ed t o as the mil ion-hour c e p

failure strength

3.1.13

c e p faiure time

time betwe n the s art of a sus ained lo d an faiur of a t es pie e

3.1.1 7

deflected sectio

se tion of an FRP bar that is bent an maintained at the r q ir d ben ing angle and ben ing diamet er

ratio

3.1.1

deflector

devic used t o maintain the p sition, alt er the ben ing angle, or aleviat e the s r s conc ntrations in

the FRP b r an w hich is sometimes ins aled in the defle t ed se tion

comp sit e mat erial, moulded an hardened t o the int en ed sha e, consis ing of contin ous fibr s

impr gnat ed with a f ibr -bin ing p lyme

comp sit e mat erial formed int o a long, slende s ructural sha e suita le for use as r infor ement in

conc et e an consis ing primariy of longitu inal u idir ctional f ibr s b u d an sha ed b a rigid

p lyme r sin mat erial

two-dimensional (planar) or thr e-dimensional ( p tial) rigid ar a of int er on e t ed FRP b rs that

form a contin ous lat ic that can be used t o r infor e conc et e

3.1.25

load ampl tude

load (stress) ampl tude

one-half of the lo d ( tr s ) rang e

3.1.26

load (stress) rang e

dife enc between ma imum an minimum r peat ed lo d ( tr s )

3.1.27

maximum repe ted load (stress)

ma imum lo d ( tr s ) d ring r peat ed lo ding

3.1.28

maximum tensie for e

ma imum t ensie lo d sus ained b a t es pie e d ring thet ensie t es

3.1.29

minimum repe ted load (stress)

minimum lo d ( tr s ) d ring r peat ed lo ding

nominal c os -sectio al are

v alueo tained up n dividing the v lume of the FRP spe imen b it length

3.1.31

nominal diameter

diamet er of FRP calculat ed as uming a cir ular se tion

3.1.32

nominal peripheral length

pe iphe al length of the FRP that forms the b sis for calculating the b n s r ngth an that shal be

det ermined separat ely for each FRP

time-depen ent de r ase in lo d in an FRP held at a given cons ant t empe atur with a pr sc ibed initial

lo d a pled an held at a given cons ant s rain

3.1.35

relaxatio rate

pe c ntag e r d ction in lo d r lative t o the initial lo d aft er a given pe iod of time, u de a f ix ed s rain

Not e 1 t o entry: In particular, the rela ation value af er 1 mil ion hour (ap ro imately 1 4 years)is refer ed to

as the h n red-year rela ation rat e

3.1.36

repe ted load (stress)

lo d ( tr s ) alt ernating cyclcal y betwe n fix ed ma imum an minimum v lues

3.1.37

S-N curve

curve plott ed on a gra h with r peat ed s r s on the vertical a is an the n mbe of cycles t o fatigue

faiur on the horizontal a is

method for measuring deformation of a mat erial as a function of eithe t empe atur or time, b v rying

the t empe atur of the mat erial ac ording t o a calbrat ed pro ramme, un e a non-vibrating lo d

µ Dife enc in length of spe if ication t es pie e for length

calbration betwe n t empe atur s T

Symbol Unit Des ription Reference

T

2

°C Ma imum t empe atur for calculation of coefficient of

the mal ex ansion (normaly 6 °C)

1 4.1

T

1

°C Minimum t empe atur for calculation of coeff icient of

the mal ex ansion (normaly 0 °C)

1 4.1

α

set

1 °C C efficient of the mal ex ansion calculat ed for spe ification

t es pie e for length cal bration betwe n t empe atur s

4 General pr ovision c onc er ning test pieces

Unles othe wise a r ed, t es pie es shal be taken from the b r or grid in the “as-del ve ed” con ition

In cases w he e t es pie es ar taken from a coi, they shal be s raight ened prior t o any t es b a simple

ben ing o e ation with a minimum amou t of plas ic deformation

F or the det ermination of the me hanical pro e ties in the t ensie, b n , an anchorag e t es s, the

t es pie e ma be artif icial y ag ed (aft er s raight ening, if a plca le) depen ing on the pe formanc

r q ir ment of the prod ct

When a t es pie e is “ag ed” , the con itions of the ag eing tr atment shal be s at ed in the t es r p rt

5 Test method for cros -sectional proper ties

5.1 Test piec es

5.1.1 Preparatio of test piec es

Tes pie es shal be cut t o a pr det ermined length an f inished flat at their cut en from the mothe

mat erial (FRP) for t ensie t es

5.1.2 Leng th of test piec es

The length of t es pie es shal be 1 0 mm w hen a pro imat e nominal diamet er is 2 mm or les , an

shal be 2 0 mm w hen a pro imat e diamet er is o e 2 mm

5.1.3 Number of test piec es

The n mbe of t es pie es is at leas thr e, taken from the mothe mat erial of the same lot

5.2 Test method

The t es proc d r is as folow s

a) Measur the length of the t es pie e using the ve nie cal ipe s in ac ordanc with ISO 1 3 5-1

Measur a p rt an r cord the r sult t o thr e plac s; rou d of the thr e a e ag ed v lues t o one

plac aft er the de imal p int Take this as the length of the t es pie e

b) Measur the v lume of the t es pie e using a measuring cy lin e in ac ordanc with ISO 47 8:2 0 ,

ty e 1 or 1 (clas A or clas B), ac ording t o the a pro imat e diamet er ofthe t es pie e Ta le 2

shows the r lationship betwe n the a pro imat e diamet er of the t es pie e an the ca acity of the

measuring cy lin e When two ca acities ar lst ed, cho se the smaler-ca acity cy lin e for that

rang e

Table 1 (c ontin ed)

c) Ad the pro e q antity of wat er t o the measuring cy lin e an measur the v lume When the t es

pie e is in the measuring cy lin e , the wat er should co e the t es pie e an the t op of the wat er

shal be in therang e of scale

NOT If air bub les are g enerated on the surface of the t est piece, which can cause an er or of

me surement, a surface-tension-red cing solvent, such as ethanol, can b ad ed t o the water for the p rpose

of control ing the g eneration of air bub les

d) Inse t the t es pie e int o the measuring cy lin e an measur the v lume ofthe combined wat er

an the t es pie e

e) The t es t empe atur shal be within the rang e of 1 °C t o 2 °C The t empe atur rang e of 2 °C t o

3 °C is a plca le for warm cou tries

Table 2 — Relatio ship betwe n the appro imate diameter of test piece

and the capacity of me suring cy linder

Calculat e the nominal c os -se tional ar a, A, of the t es pie e from F ormula (1) an rou d of t o one

plac aft er the de imal p int:

is thelength of the t es pie e, ex r s ed in mi lmetr s

NOTE T e nominal c os -sectional are inclu es the are of surface-b n ed san particles, surface-b n ed

transver e wraps, an other non-lo d-b aring are s

Calculat e the nominal diamet er, D, from F ormula (2)an rou d of t o one plac aft er the de imal p int:

5.4 Test report

5.4.1 Mandator y information

The t es r p rt shal inclu e the fol owing it ems:

a) dat e of t es ing;

b) name, sha e, dat e of man factur , an lot n mbe of FRP t est ed;

c) nominal c os -se tional ar a;

d) nominal diamet er

5.4.2 Additio al infor mation

The t es r p rt ma inclu e the folowing ad itional it ems:

a) ca acity of measuring cy lin e used in the t est ;

b) length of t es pie e;

c) v lume of wat er in the measuring cy lin e ;

d) v lume of thesum t otal of wat er an the t es pie e;

e) name of the solvent, if any solvent is used in the t es

6 Test method for tensi e proper ties

6.1 Test piec es

6.1.1 Preparatio of test piec es

Cut t es pie es t o pr det ermined length in ac ordanc with 6.1.2, in such a wa as not t o afe t the

pe formanc of the p rt being t est ed F or FRP grids, l near t es pie es can be pr par d b cut ing awa

the extraneous p rt Lea ing a 2 mm proje tion of the c os b rsis r commended

6.1.2 Leng th of test piec es

The length of t es pie es shal be taken t o bethe sum of the length of the t es se tion an the anchoring

se tion ( e Figur 1)

The length of the t es se tion shal be taken t o be as folow s

a) F or b rs, the length shal be not les than 3 0mm an not les than 40times the nominal diamet er

b) F or s rands, the length shal be in ac ordanc with the pro ision in 6.1.2 a) and not les than 2times

thes ran pit ch

c) F or grids, the length shal be in ac ordanc with the pro ision in 6.1.2 a) an shal inclu e not les

than thr e c os -p int

6.1.3 Storag e of test piec es

St or the t es pie es car fuly an prot ect a ains deformation, heating, and ex osur t o ultra iolet

l ght, which can cause chang es t o the mat erial pro e ties of the t es pie es

6.1.4 Number of test piec es

The t otal n mbe oft es pie es shal be at leas f ive

The anchorag e shal be suit ed t o the g eometry of the t es pie es an shal ha e the ca acity t o transmit

only the t ensie for e along the longitu inal a isof thet es pie es

6.2.3 Ex tensometer and strain gaug es

The ext ensomet ers and s rain g ug es used t o measur the elong tion of the t es pie e un e lo ding

shal be ca a le of r cording v riations in the g ug e length or elong tion d ring t es ing with an ac uracy

of at leas 1

−

The g ug e length of the ext ensomet er shal be not les than 1 0 mm an not les than

8 times the nominal diamet er of the FRP b r F or s ran ed b rs, in ad ition t o the a o e pro ision, the

ga ug e length shal not be les than the s ran pit ch ( e Figur 1) In sy st ems with an u b n ed ext ernal

sheath, make sur that the ext ensomet er is measuring the s rain in the cor f ibr , not hat in the sheath

6.3 Test method

6.3.1 Mounting of the test piec e

Mount he t es pie e on the t es ing machine, such that only the a ial lo d istransmitt ed ( e Figur 2)

6.3.2 Mounting of ex tensometer

Mount he ext ensomet er along the a is of thec ntral portion of the t es pie e

6.3.3 L ading meth d

Car y out the lo ding in ac ordanc with the folowing r q ir ment

a) Ap ly thelo d at a cons ant rat e without imp ct t o the t es pie e The rat e of lo ding shal be 0,5 %

t o 1,5% s rain pe min t e The t es time shal not ex ce d 5min

b) Measur the s rain at not ewe than 1 eq aly sp c d lo ding inc ement u ti a pro imat ely two

thirds of the ma imum t ensie for e

c) R ecord the ma imum t ensie for e with a pr cision of thr e signif icant digit

6.3.4 Test temperature

The t es t empe atur shal be within the rang e of 5 °C t o 3 °C

6.4 Calculations

6.4.1 General

Al r sult , ex cept for the cases w he e the location of the faiur p sition is within anchorag e, shal be

used as a rule Howeve , if the faiur location is oft en fou d t o be within anchorag e, the r sult of the

faiur within anchorag e ma be inclu ed In cases w hen a r sult ( in t erms of the ma imum t ensie

for e) deviat es b 1 % or mor from the a e ag e v lue, that r sult shal be ignor d an only the four

r maining r sult shal be used In such cases, if one r sult deviat es b 1 % or mor from the a e ag e

v alue calculat ed using the four r sult , al r sult shal be r je t ed an a new t es shal be pe formed

R eje t ed t es r sult shal not be used for the calculation of t ensie rigidity, You g’ s mod lus, or ultimat e

s rain

The a e ag e, x, deviation, Δx

i, an s an ard deviation, σ, ar defined as given in F ormulae (3) t o (5),

The c os -se tional ar a shal be the nominal c os -se tional ar a calculat ed in ac ordanc with

Clause 5 If the s an ard c os -se tional ar a is r p rt ed b the man factur r of the FRP, the s an ard

c os -se tional ar a ma be used as the c os -se tional ar a It is ne es ary t o inclu e the nominal

c os -se tional ar a, efe tive f ibr ar a, p lyme ar a, an f ibr s r ngth in the v lue of the s andard

c os -se tional ar a

6.4.3 Tensie streng th

Calculat e the t ensie s r ngth, f

u, ex r s ed in newt ons pe sq ar mi imetr , t o a pr cision of thr e

signif icant digit using F ormula (6):

is the ma imum t ensi e for e, ex r s ed in newt ons;

A is the c os -se tional ar a, ex r s ed in sq ar mi l metr s

6.4.4 Tensie r ig idity and Young’s mo ulus

Calculat e the t ensie rigidity, E

A, ex r s ed in newt ons an You g’ s mod lus, E, ex r s ed in newt ons

pe sq ar mi lmetr , b th t o a pr cision of thr e significant digit , using F ormulae (7) an ( 8),

r spe tively It shal be calculat ed from the dife enc betwe n the lo d ( tr s ) s rain curve o tained

from the lo d level at 2 % an 5 % of the t ensie ca acity F or mat erials w he e a guarant eed t ensie

ca acity isgiven, the v lues at 2 % an 5 % of the guarant eed t ensie ca acity ma be used

Ultimat e s rain shal be the s rain cor espon ing t o the ultimat e t ensi e ca acity w hen s rain-ga ug e

measur ment ofthe t es pie e ar a aia le up t o faiur In the event that the measur ment from an

ext ensomet er or s rain ga ug e ar not a aia le up t o faiur , the ultimat e s rain, ε , shal be calculat ed

t o a pr cision of thr e significant digit using F ormula ( 9):

6.5.1 Mandatory infor mation

The t es r p rt shal inclu e the fol owing it ems:

a) name, sha e, dat e of man factur , an lot n mbe of FRP t est ed;

b) ty e of fibr an f ibr bin ing p lyme ;

c) n mbe s or identif ication marks of t es pie es;

d) designation, nominal c os -se tional ar a, an diamet er;

e) dat e of t es ing, t empe atur , lo ding rat e;

f) calculation method;

g) a e ag e an s an ard deviation of the ma imum t ensie for e ( tr ngth), and ma imum t ensie

for e ( tr ngth)for each t es pie e;

h) t ensie rigidity and Young’ s mod lus for each t es pie e an a e ag e;

i) a e ag e ultimat e s rain an ultimat e s rain for each t es pie e;

j) s r s -s rain curve for each t es pie e;

k) mode of faiur for each t es pie e;

l) name of pe son in charg e of car ying out the t es

6.5.2 Additional information

When the s an ard c os -se tional ar a is used as the c os -se tional ar a, the folowing ma be ad ed:

a) s an ard c os -se tional ar a, diamet er, and as umed p lyme ar a;

b) a e ag e an s an ard deviation of the ma imum t ensie s r ngth, and ma imum t ensie s r ngth

for each t es pie e;

c) Young’s mod lus for each t es pie e an averag e;

d) s r s -s rain curve for each t es pie e;

Figure 2 — Outlne of tensie test

7 Test method for bond streng th by pul -out testing

7.1 Test piec es

The pro isions of 6.1 shal a ply

7.1.1 Fabricatio of test piec es

Tes pie es should normaly be cubes, with a single FRP b r embed ed ve ticaly along the c ntral a is

( e Figur 3) The b n ed length of the FRP b r shal be a ty ical se tion of the surfac of the FRP b r

an shal be locat ed at he fr e-en side of the t es pie es The b n ed length of the FRP b r shal be four

times the diamet er of the FRP b r In orde t o eq alz the s r s from the lo ding plat e on the lo ded

side, the embed ed b r out ide the b n ed se tion shal be sheathed with PVC or othe suita le mat erial

t o pr vent b n ing

7.1.2 Dimensio s of test piec es

Det ermine the dimensions of the t es pie es as a fu ction of the nominal diamet er of the FRP b rs as

shown in Ta le 3( e also Figur 3)

Dimensions in milimetr es

1

2

4d

10 4

Figure 3— Test piece for b nd test (p l-o t t est)

Table 3 — Dimensio s of t est pieces

Alow the FRP bar t o protru e b arou d 1 mm at the fr e-end side an s ructur the en fac so as

t o alow the at achment of a dial ga ug e, et c for measuring the length of pul-out The lo ding en of the

FRP b r shal be ext en ed sufficiently t o alow the pul-out t es t o be car ied out, an shal be f itt ed

with an anchoring se tion, grip ing devic , or simiar a p ratus ca a le of transmit ing a ial lo ds t o

the FRP b r

7.1.4 A rrang ement of FRP bar s

Ar ang e the FRP b rs on the c ntral a is of the t es pie e

7.1.5 Spiral reinforc ements

Tes pie es can be pro ided with spiral r infor ement along the c ntral a is t o pr vent splt ing faiur

Spiral r infor ement shal be 6mm in diamet er, with a spiral pit ch of 40 mm The ext ernal diamet er of

spiral r infor ement is depen ent on the nominal diamet er of the FRP b rs as spe if ied in Ta le 3 The

en s of the spiral r infor ement shal be welded, or 1,5 times extra turns shal be pro ided

7.1.6 Number of test piec es

Tes at leas thr e t es pie es When a t es pie e fai s at, or slps out of, the anchoring se tion, car y out

an ad itional t es on a separat e t es pie e pr par d using FRP b rs from the same lot as the faied t es

pie e

7.1.7 C ncrete qualty

Make up the conc et e with normal a gr g t es, with the co rse a gr g t es ha ing a ma imum dimension

of 2 mm or 2 mm The conc et e shal have a slump of 1 cm ± 2 cm, an a 2 -da cy lin e compr s ive

— Clean the b n ing se tion of the FRP b r an r n e it fr e from any gr ase, dirt, et c

— Take suita le measur s befor placing the conc et e t o pr vent b n ing of the non-b nding se tions

of the FRP bar

— S al theo ening in the form through w hich the FRP b r is inse t ed t o pr vent ingr s of wat er, et c

using oi, put y, or simi ar mat erial

— Smo th of the t es pie e aft er placing the conc et e b sc a ing any ex ces of the t op, r peating this

proc s a ain aft er a out 2 h to ensur that a t es pie e with the pro e dimensions is o tained

7.1.9 Remo al of for ms and cur ing

R emo e the forms aft er two day s and then cur the t es pie es in wat er at a t empe atur of 2 °C± 3 °C

unti the time of t es ing The t empe atur of 2 °C ± 2 °C isa plca le for warm cou tries

7.2 Testing machine and devic es

7.2.1 Testing machine

The t es ing machine for pul-out t es sshal be ca a le of ac urat ely a plying the pr sc ibed lo d

7.2.2 L ading plate

The lo ding plat e shal ha e a hole through w hich the FRP b r shal p s The diamet er of the hole in the

lo ding plat e shal be two times t o thr e times the diamet er of theFRP b r

7.2.3 A nchorag e

The lo ding -end side of the FRP b r shal be f itt ed with an anchorag e ca a le oftransmit ing lo ds

ac urat ely u ti the t en on pul s out d e t o b n faiur , or be a use of splt ing or c acking of the conc et e

The lo d-transmis ion devic shal transmit only a ial lo ds t o the FRP b r, without transmit ing eithe

t orsional or flexural for es

7.2.4 Displac ement me sur ing devic e

The displac ment met er f itt ed t o the fr e en of the FRP b r shal be a LVDT or any simi ar a p ratus

ca a le of giving r adings with an ac uracy of 1/ 1 0 0 mm ( e Figur 4)

7.3 Test method

7.3.1 Mounting of test piec es

Plac the t es pie e cor e tly on the lo ding plat e with a sphe ical plat e u de neath t o pr vent e c ntric

lo ds from acting on the t es pie es ( e Figur 4)

41

/min K eep the lo ding rat e as cons ant as pos ible so as not t o subje t

the t es pie es t o shock

7.3.3 Sc ope of test

The slp ag e of the fr e en an the lo d a pled shal be r corded in inc ement as shown in Ta le 4,

unti eithe the FRP b r puls out of the conc et e or the lo d de r ases signif icantly d e t o the splt ing

or c acking of the conc et e

Table 4 — Me surement inc ements

When a t es pie e is ju g ed t o ha e u de g one t ensi e faiur at he anchoring se tion or t o ha e slp ed

out of the anchoring se tion befor the FRP b r slps from the conc et e or the lo d is significantly

r d c d d e t o spl t ing or c acking of the conc et e, r je t he data an car y out ad itional t est (s) u ti

the n mbe of t es pie es slp ing from the conc et e or w he e the lo d is significantly r d c d d e t o

splt ing or c acking of the conc et e is not ewe than thr e

Calculat e the b n s r s , τ, ex r s ed in newt ons pe sq ar mi lmetr , t o a pr cision of thr e

signif icant digit using F ormula (1 ), an plot the curve for the pul-out lo d or b n s r s ve sus

slp ag e displac ment or each t es pie e

P is thet ensie lo d in the pul-out t es , ex r s ed in newt ons;

u is thenominal pe iphe al length of t es pie e, ex r s ed in mi lmetr s;

l is theb n ed length, ex r s ed in mi l metr s

7.5 Test repor t

The t es r p rt shal inclu e the fol owing it ems:

a) name, sha e, dat e of man factur , an lot n mbe of the FRP t est ed;

b) ty e of fibr an f ibr -bin ing polyme , ty e of surfac tr atment of f ibr s;

c) n mbe s or identif ication marks of t es pie es;

d) designation, nominal c os -se tional ar a, an diamet er;

e) dat e of t es , t es t empe atur , lo ding rat e;

f) dimensions of t es pie es, b n ed length of the FRP b r;