Tiêu chuẩn iso 00034 1 2015

© ISO 2015 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic — Determination of tear strength — Part 1 Trouser, angle and crescent test pieces Caoutchouc vulcanisé ou thermoplastique — Détermination de la résistanc[.]

Rubber, vulcanized or

Part 1:

Ca utch uc v lca isé o the mo lastique — Déte mination de la

résista c a déchirement —

Partie 1: Épro vet e s p ntalo , a g laire et croissant

Fourth edition

2 1 -06-0

Refer ence n mb r

ISO 34-1:2 1 (E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

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F reword i v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 2

3 Terms an definitio s 2

4 Principle 2

5 A pparatus 3

6 Calbratio 5

7 Test piec e 6

8 Number of test piec es 6

9 Temperatur e of test 6

10 Proc ed re .7

11 Ex pres io of r esults 7

12 Test rep r t 7

A nne x A (informative)Precision results fr om an inter laborator y test prog ramme 9

A nne x B (normative) Calbration s hedule 13

Biblog raphy 15

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sp nsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel asinformation a out ISO’ s ad e enc t o the WTO principles in the Te hnical Bar ie s

t o Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sponsible for this document is ISO/TC45, R ub e a d rub e produc ts, Subcommitt ee

SC 2, Tes tin a d a alys i s

This fourth edition canc ls an r plac s the third edition (ISO 34-1:2 1 ), w hich has be n t ech icaly

r vised Pr cision r sult from an int erla orat ory ha e be n updat ed as An ex A

ISO 34 consis s of the folowing part , u de the g ene al title Ru be , v ulc ani zed or the mo las tic —

Dete min tio o tear s tr n th:

— Part 1: Tro s er, a gle a d c resc ent tes t pieces

— Part 2 : Smal (Delft) tes t piec es

Rubber, vulcanized or ther moplastic — Determination of

Part 1:

WARNING 1 — Per o s using this part of ISO 34 sho ld be fami ia with normal laboratory practice

This part of ISO 34 does not purport to addres al of the safety problems, if an , as ociated with

its use It is the resp nsibi ity of the use to establ sh appropriate safety and he lth practices and

to ensure complance with an natio al re ulatory co ditio s

WARNING 2 Certain proc ed ures specified in is part of ISO 34 might in volve t he use or genera t io

of su stanc es, or t he genera t io of w aste, t ha t c ould c onst it ute a local en viro mental hazard

Refer enc e sho ld be ma de to a ppro ria te documenta t io o safe han l ng and disp sal afer use

This p rt of ISO 34 spe if ies thr e t es methods for the det ermination of the t ear s r ngth of vulcaniz d

or the mo las ic rub e , namely the folowing:

— method A, using a trouse t es pie e;

— method B, using an angle t es pie e, with or without a nick of spe if ied depth;

— method C, using a c esc nt t es pie e with a nick

The v lue of t ear s r ngth o tained depen s on the sha e of the t es pie e, spe d of s r t ching, and

t empe atur of t es It can also be susc ptible t o grain efe t in rub e

Method A: Using a trouse t es pie e

Method A, using the trouse t es pie e, is pr fe r d be ause it is not sensitive t o the length of the cut,

unl ke the othe two t es pie es in w hich the nick has t o be ve y closely controled In ad ition, the

r sult o tained ar mor easi y r lat ed t o the fun amental t ear pro e ties of the mat erial an ar les

sensitive t o mod lus efe t (pro ided that the leg ext ension isnegl gible) an the rat e of pro a ation of

the t ear is dir ctly r lat ed t o the rat e of grip sep ration W ith some rub e s, the pro a ation of t ear is

not mo th (knot y t ear), an analy sis of r sult can be difficult

[3]

Method B, proc d r (a): Using an angle t es pie e without nick

This t es is a combination of t ear initiation an pro a ation Str s is bui t up at the p int of the angle

unti it is sufficient t o initiat e a t ear an then furthe s r s es pro a at e this t ear Howeve , it is only

p s iblet o measur the overal for e r q ir d t o ruptur the t es pie e, an , the efor , the for e can ot

be r solved in two component prod cing initiation an pro a ation

[4]

Method B, proc d r (b):Using an angle t es pie e with nick

This t es measur s the for er q ir d t o pro a at e a nick alr ady prod c d in the t es pie e The rat e of

pro a ation is not dir ctly r lat ed t o the jaw spe d

[5]

Method C: Using a c esc nt t es pie e

This t es also measur s the for e r q ir d t o pro a at e a nick alr ady prod c d in the t es pie e, an

the rat e of pro a ation isnot r lat ed t o the jaw spe d

NOTE A separate method for the determination of the t ear strength of smal test pieces of rub er (Delf test

pieces)is specif ied in ISO 34-2

[1]

2 Normati ve referenc es

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 5 9 , Ru be a d plas tic s tes t eq ipment — Tens ile, flex ural a d c ompr s s io t y pes (c ons ta t rate o

tra e s e) — S ec ific atio

ISO 613 , R ub e a d plas tic s — An lys i s o multipeak trac es o tained in dete min tio s o tear s tr n th

a d adhes io s tr n th

ISO 1 89 :2 1 , R ub e — Guide to the c albratio o tes t eq ipment

ISO 2 5 9, R ub e — G ene al proc edur s fr pr p rin a d c ondi tio in tes t piec es fr p ys ic al tes t meth ds

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the fol owing t erms and def initions a ply

3.1

tro se tea strength

median for e r q ir d t o pro a at e a cut in a spe if ied trouser-sha ed t es pie e b t earing, divided b

the thick es of the t es pie e, the for e acting in a dir ction subs antialy in the plane of the cut

Not e 1t o entry: T e median for e is calculated in ac ordance with ISO 6 13

3.2

unnicked angle tear strength

ma imum for e r q ir d t o ruptur a spe if ied angle-sha ed t es pie e, divided b the thick es of the

t es pie e, the for e acting in a dir ction subs antial y along the length of the t es pie e

3.3

nicked angle tear strength

c es ent tear strength

ma imum for e r q ir d t o cause a nick cut in a spe ified angle- or c esc nt-sha ed t es pie e t o

ext en b t earing ofthe rub e , divided b the thick es of the t es pie e, the for e acting in a dir ction

subs antialy normal t o the plane of the nick

The t es consis s in measuring the for e r q ir d t o t ear a spe if ied t es pie e, in contin ation of the cut

or nick alr ady prod c d in the t es pie e or, in the case of method B, proc d r (a), complet ely ac os

the width of the t es pie e

The t earing for e is a pled b means of a t ensie t es ing machine, o e at ed without int er uption at

a cons ant rat e of tra e se unti the t es pie e br aks Depen ent upon the method emplo ed, the

ma imum or median for e achieved is used t o calculat e the t ear s r ngth

No cor elation between data o tained b the alt ernative t es pie es is impl ed

5 A pparatus

5.1 Dies

5.1.1 T e die used for cutting tr ouse tes pie es shal ha ve the dimensions shown in Fig ur e 1

5.1.2 T e die used for cutting angletes pie es shal ha vethe dimensions shown in Fig ur e 2

5.1.3 T e die used for cutting cresc nt tes pie es shal ha ve the dimensions show n in Fig ur e 3

5.1.4 T e cuting edg es of the dies shal be kept sharp an free from r ag g ed edg es Car e shal be taken

that the cuting edg es ar e pe pen icular to the othe surfac s of the die an ha ve a minimum of conca vity

5.2 Nick cut er

A sharp razor blade or a sharp k ife fr e from ra g ed edg es shal be used for prod cing a cut or a nick

in the t es pie e

The a pp ra tus for introd ucing t he nick r q ir d for the nicked angle or r sc nt tes pie e shal be as folows

Means shal be pro ided for clamping the t es pie e f irmly, espe ialy in the r gion w he e the nick is

t o be introd c d The cut ing t ool, consis ing of a razor blade or simi ar blade, shal be clamped in a

plane pe pen icular t o the major a is of the t es pie e, an p sitioned so as t o introd c the nick in the

a pro riat e plac The blade clamping devic shal pe mit no lat eral mo ement an shal be fitt ed in

guides t o ena le the blade t o be mo ed ac os the t es pie e with it edg e r maining pe pen icular t o

the plane of the t es pie e Alt ernatively, theblade shal be fix ed an thet es pie e ar ang ed t o mo e in an

analog ous manne Means shal be pro ided for fine adjus ment of the depth of the nick The adjus ment

of the p sition of the blade holde or clamped t es pie e shal be det ermined for each blade b cut ing

one or two pr lminary nicks an measuring these with the aid of a mic osco e The blade shal be

wett ed with wat er or so p solution prior t o nicking

NOTE A suita le ap aratus for nicking t ear t est pieces has b en des rib d in detail in the lit erature

[6]

To che k that the depth of the nick is within the spe ified l mit ( e 7.4), any suita le means ma be

used, e.g an o tical proje tion a p ratus A convenient ar ang ement is a mic osco e giving at leas 1 ×

ma nif ication f itt ed with a tra el ng s ag e suita ly i luminat ed The eyepie e is f itt ed with a graticule

or c os wir b w hich t o r cord the tra el of the s ag e and t es pie e through a dis anc eq al t o the

depth of the nick The tra el of thes ag e is cal brat ed with a s ag e mic omet er

Alt ernatively, a tra el ng mic osco e ma be used

The a p ratus shal ha e an ac uracy of measur ment of 0,0 mm

5.3 Testing machine

The machineshal conform t o the r q ir ment of ISO 5 9 , t o an ac uracy cor esp nding t o clas 1

It shal be ca a le of r gist ering the a pled for es within 1 % d ring the t es w hie maintaining the

spe if ied cons ant rat e of sep ration of the jaws of 1 0mm/min ± 1 mm/min for the trouse t es pie e

an 5 0 mm/min ± 5 mm/min for the angle and c esc nt t es pie es A low-ine tia machine ha ing

aut ogra hic for e-r cording faci ities is es ential w hen using the trouse t es pie e

5.4 Grips

The machine shal be pro ided with a ty e of grip w hich tight ens aut omaticaly as the t ension inc eases

an ex ert a u iform pr s ur ac os the widened en of the t es pie e Each grip shal incorp rat e a

means for p sitioning so that the t es pie es ar inse t ed symmetricaly an in a ial algnment with

the dir ction of the pul The depth of inse tion shal be such that the t es pie e is adeq at ely grip ed,

within the p ralel-sides p rtion, w hen t es ing angle an c esc nt t es pie es Trouse t es pie es shal

be inse t ed in the grips in ac ordanc with Figur 4

Dimensions in milimetr es

Key

1 location of cut

Figure 1 — Tro se test piece die

Dimensions in milimetr es

Key

1 location of nick for method B, pr oced re (b)

Figure 2— Angle test piece die

Dimensions in milimetr es

Key

1 location of nick

Figure 3— Cres ent test piece die

Figure 4 — Positio ing of tro ser test piece in testing machine

6 Cal bration

The t es a p ratus shal be calbrat ed in ac ordanc with the sched le given in Annex B

7 Test piec e

7.1 Tes pie es shal be cut from rub e she t of u iform thick es Pr efer ably, the she t shal ha ve a

thicknes of 2,0 mm ± 0,2 mm; howeve , it is r ecog niz d tha when she t ar e prep r ed fr om finished

pr od ct , this thicknes can ot alwa ys be achieved

She t ma be moulded or pr p r d from prod ct b cut ing or buffing

The r q ir ment of ISO 2 5 9 shal a ply t o the time int erv l betwe n forming or pr p ration of

the she t an cut ing of t es pie es During this int erv l, the she t shal be prot ect ed from l ght as

complet ely as p s ible

7.2 The she ts shal be con itioned at tan ar d la oratory temperatur e ( e ISO 2 5 9) for at leas 3 h

befor e tes pie es ar e cut from them

Each t es pie e shal be cut rom the she t b punching with a die, sha ed as shown in Figur 1, Figur 2

or Figur 3, using a single s roke of the pr s The rub e shal be wett ed with wat er or so p solution

an shal be sup ort ed on a she t of sl ghtly yielding mat erial (e.g leathe , rub e belting or cardb ard)

on a flat rigid surfac

7.3 Each tes pie e shal, if p s ible, be taken in such a wa y that the tear str eng th can be dete mined in

two directions which ar e at an ang le of 9 ° to one anothe The dir ections in which the tes pie e is taken

shal be indicated so that the efe t of anisotr op can be as es ed

The dir ction of t ear pro a ation is p ralel t o the length of the trouse t es pie e an pe pen icular t o

the length of the angle an c esc nt t es pie es

7.4 Tes pie es shal be cut or nicked to a depth as gi ven in this subclause b the a p ratus spe ified in 5.2

Method A (rouse t es pie e) — Cut of depth 40 mm ± 5 mm madeat the c ntr of the width of the t es

pie e ( e Figur 1) It is imp rtant that the las 1 mm (a pro imat ely) of the cut is made with a razor

blade or a sharp k ife

Method B, proc d r (b) (angle t es pie e)— Nick of depth 1,0 mm ±0,2 mm at the a ex of the int ernal

angle of the t es pie e ( e Figur 2)

Method C (c esc nt t es pie e) — Nick of depth 1,0 mm ± 0,2 mm at the c ntr of the conca e in e edg e

of the t es pie e ( e Figur 3)

Tes pie es shal be nicked or cut, measur d an then t est ed, pr fe a ly immediat ely, but if not t est ed

immediat ely they shal be kept at chosen s an ard la orat ory t empe atur unti t est ed The pe iod

betwe n nicking or cut ing of the t es pie e an t es ing shal not ex ce d 24 h The cut or nick shal be

made aft er any ag eing tr atment has be n car ied out

8 Number of test pieces

A t leas five t es pie es pe sample shal be t est ed an , w he e p s ible, f ive from each of the dir ctions

r fe r d t o in 7.3

The t es is normaly car ied out at a s an ard la orat ory t empe atur , as spe if ied in ISO 2 5 9 When

othe t empe atur s ar r q ir d, these shal be sele t ed from ISO 2 5 9

If the t es is t o be car ied out at a t empe atur othe than a s an ard la orat ory t empe atur , the t es

pie e shal be con itioned for a pe iod sufficient t o r ach subs antial t empe atur eq i ibrium at the

t es t empe atur , immediat ely prior t o t es ing Thispe iod shal be kept asshort as pos ible in orde t o

avoid ag eing the rub e ( e ISO 2 5 9)