nho quan miền đất cổ

L d i CAM ON Cuon sach duac xudt bdn vai sit tdi tra mot phdn cida Tien sT - Thu truc/ng Bo Khoa hoc Cong nghe Nguyen Vdn Lgng, ngudi thon Thdi San, xd Scm Lai, huyen Nho Quan, tinh Ninh

DC

NH/^XIMTBAN VAN H«-}- HONG TIN

huy^n Hoa La-tinh Ninh Binh

* Tru qudn: 34/2 - pho 2

phudng Dong Thanh thanh pho Ninh Binh

Dong Ngifcfi X\ia

Anh: Minh Tudn

^'- * - - » ' w :^* vk

Den lang Kho (xa Phii Loc)

Dong chf Lrfcfng Van Thang

-ngrfcfi Bl thif Chi bo DDCSD dau tien or Ninh Binh

Anh: TL

'•-•^' J^^ :'ML.'^ ^

Den Say (xa Scfn Thanh)

Anh: TL

Dinh Htfofng Thjnh (xa Phii Loc)

Anh: TG

Ho Dong Chrfcfng

Phii Doi Ngang (xa Phii Long)

D6n Van Sao (xa Lang Phong)

Anh: TG

Dong Van Trinh (xa Thtfgfng Hoa)

Anh: TL

Chua lang Kho (xa Phu Lpc)

Anh: TG

Vrfcfn Ho (xa Quynh Lifti) la mot trong nhu'ng tran danh Nhat dSu tien

NHO QUAN MIEN DAT CO

L d i CAM ON

Cuon sach duac xudt bdn vai sit tdi tra mot phdn cida Tien sT - Thu truc/ng Bo Khoa hoc Cong nghe Nguyen Vdn Lgng, ngudi thon Thdi San, xd Scm Lai, huyen Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh

Chung toi xin trdn trong cdm an ong

LA DANG BAT NGUY£N THI KIM KHANH

LA DANG BAT - NGUYEN THI KIM KHANH

L 6 I DAUSACH

"Ban cu trung thi vo nhdn vdn

Phu tai san ldm hUu khdch tdm"

(Ngheo, a giira thanh thi khong ai hoi han den

Giau, d tan riTng nui xa xoi heo lanh cung co nguoi tim ve)

Trong ca nuoc co nhieu mien dat co co gia tri, Nho Quan la mien dat co duy nhat cua tinh Ninh Binh Til ten goi, dia ly, lich su, van hoa den cac di tich, danh thSng ddu khang dinh nguyen gia tri mien dat co, lau d5i ay

Dau an dam net nhat ciia manh dat nay phai ke den

la "Dong Ngudi Xua" giira rung nguyen sinh Cue Phuang;

hay cac dia danh, ten lang, ban, ten cac di tich nhu lang Lam, lang Ria, lang Kho, lang Say, lang Lao, lang Cha,

dinh Mong, dinh La ma khi tra t\x dien tieng Viet deu

khong thay ngir nghia cac tir do Theo mot so gia dinh thi do la tieng co cua nguoi co xua, nay nhan dan vSn

dung CO y nghia luu giir nhirng gi nguoi xua de lai them mot minh chung cho mi6n dat co V6i hon 30 di tich va danh thing da duoc phat hien va liru giir, tieu bieu

-nhu dong Van Trinh "md ra mot khung cdnh mdi chua

tUng thdy", hay Yuan Quoc gia Ciic Phuong "la mot hdo tdng thien nhien rong ldn, mot vudn bdch thdo, bdch thii ngoan muc vd quy hiem cua Viet Nam vd the gidi", roi h6

Dong Chuang "rong gdn 40 ha nudc trong mdu ngoc

bich" vai "cdnh trdi mdy ho nudc bgt ngdn ddi thong thi vi trong giang san cam tii, ta co cdm gide nhu tdt cd

ve dep cua ddt trdi da ddn gop ve ddy gdn do co den thd bd chiia Lieu Hgnh d phii Ddi Ngang, khoi trdm tham ngdt mot vung ddi sudt ngdy dim" Noi day con co

khu can cur each mang Quynh Lim, co 10 dia danh a xa Quynh Luu va cac xa lan can da duoc Nha nu6c cong nhan la Di tich Lich su Van hoa cap Quoc gia, la cai noi cua phong trao each mang tinh Ninh Binh

Tac gia con danh su quan tam viet ve nhirng dia danh, danh nhan tir co chi kim co tinh than yeu nu6c chong giac, dep yen b5 coi, xay n6n tu tri, cac danh nhan

la nhirng chien sy cong san dau tien cua tinh Ninh Binh,

hay nhirng truyen thuyet v6 cac 'Thdn Hodng" a cic dinh,

chiia nhu Ngoc Quang Cong chua, roi tuang Le Du, Le Chuang tat ca, de muon chung minh ngudi Nho Quan

tu xua da co tinh than quat khofi chong giac giir nu6c

Nho Quan gia day ciing da timg buac thay da doi thit, nhi6u di tich lich sir van hoa da dugc dau tu khai thae, cac Id hoi tam linh van hoa da va dang dugc khoi phuc, dai song vat chat va tinh than cua nguai dan da dugc dam bao va cai thien de mgt ngay mai tuai sang

se ve vdi mien dat cd Nho Quan que toi - noi co nhiJng

ky niem sau ling cua mgt thai de nho, mgt noi de v6 - La

mgt ngu5i con cua nai ay, sau khi dgc cuon sach, co le khong rieng gl toi, lai cang thay tu hao, thay yeu que huang minh hon gap bgi, bgi phin

Nguyen Van Tuan

Ngudi Nho Quan

Nguyen Hieu trudng Trudng THPT chuyen Luang Vdn Tuy,

thdnh phd Ninh Binh

TEN GOI QUA CAC THC)I KY

Phil Nho Quan dugc dung len tir dau thai Dinh, la dat cua dan tgc it nguai

Thai CO xua, Nho Quan nim trong quan Nam Giao; Thdi nha Tan (theo lich Trung Qudc) thugc quan Tugng Quan; Thdi nha Han nim trong quan Giao Chi; Tir nha Tan, nha Tuy trd vS sau thugc dat Giao Chau; cudi nha Luang thudc huyen Trudng Son, chau Trudng (hoac huyen Nhu Vi6n, chau Phiic Ldc)

Khi Dinh Tien Hoang dung nen nudc Dai Co Viet nam 968, Nho Quan la dat thugc thanh Hoa Lu

Dudi tri^u nha Ly (1010-1225) nam Thuan Thien thu: nhat (1010) vua Ly Thai To doi ten thanh Hoa Lu, ggi la phu Trudng Yen

Sach "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" cd ghi: "Nguyen

xua la ddt Man, thugc phii Trudng Yen""'

(II- "Dai Nam iihdr thdng chi"Tap III - NXB KHXH - Hd Npi - 1971 Trang 228

Den thdi nha Tran (1225-1400), Nho Quan thudc

Id Trudng Yen, sau lai ggi la tran Trudng Yen, sau dd lai ggi la tran Thien Quan (Cong Trdi)

Den nam Quang Thai, thu: 10, tridu vua Tran Thuan Tdng (1397) doi tran Thidn Quan thanh phu Thien Quan

Den thdi nha Le, vin ggi la phii Thien Quan le thudc vao Thanh Hoa

Thdi ky nay, phu Thien Quan gdm ba huyen: Phung Hoa, Yen Hoa, Lac Tho

* Huyen Phung Hoa, theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng

chi" ghi: "Ddi Le Quang Thudn (1460-1469 - Trieu vua

Le Thdnh Tong) tdch ra ddt ldm huyen le vdo phii Thien Quan, hg Qudch, hg Dinh Id thd tii ndi ddi qudn tri"^-\

Huyen Phung Hoa khi dd "Gdm co 4 tong, 29 xd, thon,

trgi:

1 - Tong Lgng Phong co 7 xd: Lgng Phong, Phuc Luang, Yen Thi, Nggc Ung, Yen Tri, Yen Mong, Phu Thdi Trong do deu Id ddn Kinh

2 - Tdng Yen Lgc co 7 xd, dp: xd Yen Lgc, xd Thugng LUng, xd Hieu Liing, dp Yen Luang, dp Chdn Lgi, dp Lgc Thuy, dp Phii Ve Trong do deu Id thd ddn

(I)- "Dai Nam nhdt thdng (hi" (.sdd)- Trang 229

3 -Tdng Vdn Ludn co 6 xd: Vdn Ludn, Yen Lgi, Phii Kho, Lai Cdc, Ky Ldo, Yen Lao, Chi Cdi Trong do deu Id thd ddn

4 - Tdng Quynh Luu co 9 xd, thon, trgi: xd Quynh Luu, xd Phuc Lai, xd Yen Cu, xd Phii Oc, trgi Dgi Phong, thon Clidu Bgc, thon Yen Bgc, trgi Mge Phdm, trgi Quang Loi Trong do deu Id ddn Kinh"^^\

* Huyen Yen Hoa (cdn ggi la Ninh Hoa) Thdi Le

So ggi la Ninh Hoa, vi kieng ten cua Vua Trang Tdng (Duy Ninh (1533-1548)) nen tir nam 1533 ggi la Yen Hoa Khoang nam Thieu Binh nha Le (1433-1439) ddi vua Le Thai Tdng, cd 4 tong gom 21 xa, ap, trang:

1 - 'Tdng Bdt Mgt, co 3 xd: Bdt Mot, Kien Phong, Phuc Cd

2 - Tdng De Cdc, co 4 xd: De Cdc, Y Na, Bdt Xi, Nga My

3 - Tdng Vo Hdt, co 9 xd, dp: xd Vo Hdt, xd Lgc Binh, xd Thgch La, xd Binh Luang, xd Trudng Mon, xd Phu My, xd Hien Quan, dp Triem Hod, dp Hdu Bdng Trong do ba xd: Vo Hdt, Hien Quan, Phii My deu Id ddn Kinh Ba xd: Hdu Bdng, Trudng Mon, Triem Hod deu Id

(1) - "Ninh Binh toan dnh dia chi khao hien" - Nguyen TifMcin - NXB Chinh tri qudc gia - Ha Ngi - 2001 Trang 79

11

thd ddn Ba xd: Lgc Binh, Thgch La, Binh Luang nUa ddn Kinh, nua thd ddn

4 - Tdng Xich Thd, co 7 xd, trang: xd Xich Thd, xd Hung Thi, xdTudn Du, trang Nhiem Hg, xd Yen Dgi, xd

Cd Nghia, vd Chi Ne Trong do hai xd: Xich Thd, Nhiim

Hg deu Id ddn Kinh Ba xd: Hung Thi, Cd Nghia, Chi

Ne deu Id thd ddn Hai xd: Tudn Du, Yen Dgi nUa ddn Kinh, nica thd ddn"^^\

Hien nay, cd mgt sd xa thudc tinh Hoa Binh

* Huyen Lac Tho (Yen Lac) Khoang nam Thieu

Binh (1433-1439) ddi vua Le Thai Tdng, cd "4 tdng gdm

31 xd, 5 trang

1 - Tdng Lgc Thdnh, co 13 xd: Hodi Tu, Yen Nghiep, Tdn My, Tuc Mac, Vu Bdn, Vu Nong, Hung Nhugng, Binh Clidn, VU Lao, Da Phiic, Binh Cdng, Hieu Nghia, Nggc Ldu

2 - Tdng Yen Dgo, co 14 xd: Dinh Qudn, Sudt Hod, Yen Diem, Phii Hdu, Hudng Nghia, Hudng Nhugng, Quy Hod, Tudn Dgo, Binh Kiem, Tdc Tranh, Vdn Lang, Cu Nhdn, Vdn Due, My Thdnh

(1) - "Ninh Binh toan tinh dia chi khdo hieii' - Nguyen TuMdn - NXB Chinh tri (fudc gia - Ha Ngi - 2001 Trang HO

3 - Tdng Lgc Nghiep, co 11 xd: Thdn Thugng, Tich Cdc, Phiic Tuy, Nggc My, Dong Lai, Thinh Hdi, Chi Thien, San Trang, Quy Hdu, Tu Ne, Mdn Due

4 - Tdng Lgc Thien, co 12 xd: Phong Phu, My Hod, Dich Gido, Yen Luang, Chi Dgo, Ld San, Phu Vinh, Tudn Lg, Phu Ldm, Gia Mo, Do Nhdn, Vi My'^"

Hien nay, huyen nay la dat huyen Lac Son, tinh Hoa Binh

Sang trieu Nguydn, d ddi vua Tu Diic, nam thii 15 (1861)*-' khdng ggi la phu Thidn Quan, dugc doi tdn la

phu Nho Quan Nhu the, tdn ggi "Nho Quan" ra ddi d

nam Tu Diic thii 15

Theo Nguydn Tu Min trong "Ninh Binh todn tinh

dia chi khdo bien" (Ban danh may), phu Nho Quan "tU ndm Minh Menh thU 15 co hai hg Tg vd hg Hd (Tg Quang Cu, Hd Duy Phien) binh dugc logn San Am mdi dgt cdc thd ty, thd muc trong hgt chiu theo phdp che, dem chia San Am mdi hai dp Yen Luang, Triem Hod (Yen Luang thugc tdng Yen Dgt; Triem Hod la Phuang Ldm, Lgc Thuy) TU do dinh phep to thue, co cdc qudn sy do do hdng ndm thudng dugc miia, trudng hge duac

(1) - "Ninh Binh todn tinh dia clii khao hien" - Nguyen TuMdn - NXB Chinh tri i/udc gia - Hd Ngi - 2001 Trang 82

(2) - Sd(h "Ninh Binh 185 ndm lich su \d phdt trien" ghi Id ndm 1862?

13

dung len, le gido ndi day, cdc vdn chi dugc dung, ddu tien CO hai hg Nguyen, mot ngudi ten la Chinh do Tien

si, mot ngudi ten Id Cdt dd Pho bdng (deu Id ngudi Bde Ninh) Hai ngudi ndy ndi nhau ldm Tri phu Phii ndy hoc trd xa gdn den han trdm quyen"

Ciing theo Nguyen Tir Min 'Thdnh phii a xd Lgng

Phong, thdnh trong rgng ba mdu, chu vi 84 trugng, cao

6 thudc Thdnh ngogi rgng 3 mdu, chu vi 84 trugng, cao

6 thudc Hdng rdo ldm bang tre xanh Cifa thdnh deu ve phia Dong, xdy bang ngoi ggch, tren ciita dung ldu, gdn ddy sua ddp thdnh luy mdi Dong Tdy ddi 98 thudc Nam Bac ddi 74 thudc Nu tudng'" tren thdnh cao 1 thudc, ddy nica thudc Thdn thdnh ngodi cao 5 thudc, dudi ddy 4 thudc Ve mat ngodi thdnh tri rgng 8 thudc, sdu 1 thudc Phia Tdy thdnh a giua co cdi ldu nho, co cua goc thdnh Nhd trgi, qudn linh deu d phia ben td trong thdnh"

Phil Nho Quan thdi Nguydn, den ddi vua Minh Mang thii 17 (1836) mdi dat lim quan, gom 3 huydn: Phung Hoa, Ydn Hoa, Ydn Lac Huydn Phung Hoa cd 4 tong, gom 29 xa, thdn, trai Huydn Ydn Hoa cd 4 tong, gom 29 xa, thdn, trang Huydn Ydn Lac cd 4 tdng, gom

50 xa, thdn, trang (Theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi')

(1) - Nu tifong: tuang tren mdt thdnh phia ngodi giif cho nguai khong rai vudng phia ngodi thdnh

"Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" ghi: "Phu Nho Quan: .a cdch tinh thdnh 20 dam ve phia Tdy; Dong Tdy cdch nhau 59 dam, Nam Bde cdch nhau 86 ddm, phia Dong den dia gidi huyen Gia Viin, phu Yen Khdnh 8 dam, phia Tdy den dia gidi 2 huyen Cdm Thuy vd Qudng Dia, phii Qudng Hod, tinh Thanh Hod 57 dam, phia Nam den dia gidi huyen Tdng San, phu Hd Trung, tinh Thanh Hod 41 ddm, phia Bac din dia gidi huyen My Luang, phii Qudc Oai, tinh San Tdy 45 dam""'

Nam 1921, ba tdng: Dc Cdc, Bat Mdt, Xich Tho thudc huydn Ydn Hoa sat nhap vao huydn Gia Vidn

Sau each mang thing Tim nam 1945, dieu chinh cat tong Van Trinh (huydn Gia Vidn) nhap vao huydn Nho Quan

Diu nam 1953, Uy ban khing chien hanh chinh lidn khu ba quyet dinh sit nhap 5 xa: Quang Minh, Phii Thinh, Bio Luang, Doan Ket, Ydn Luong thudc huydn Nho Quan vio huydn Ydn Thuy, tinh Hoi Binh

Thing 4 nam 1977, do su chi dao cua Trung uong, phan bd lai cic khu vuc hanh chinh da sit nhap hai huydn Nho Quan va Gia Vidn thanh huydn Hoang Long (Quyet dinh ciia Hdi dong Chinh phu sd 125/CP ngiy 27 thing

4 nam 1977)

(1) - "Dai Nam nhdi thdng chi" (sdd) - Trang 228

15

Thuc hidn Quyet dinh sd 151 - QD/HDBT ngay

19 thing 4 nam 1991, cua Hdi ddng Bd trudng ve didu chinh dia gidi huydn Hoang Long, tich 20 xa phia Ddng Bac huydn Hoang Long de tii lap huydn Gia Vidn va thanh lap huydn Hoing Long mdi gdm 26 xa va mdt thi tran nhu sau: Thi tran Nho Quan, Ddng Phong, Thach Binh, Phii Son, Lac Van, Van Phong, Ydn Quang, Lang Phong, Van Phuong, Ciic Phuang, Ky Phii, Phii Long, Phii Ldc, Van Phii, Son Ha, Quynh Luu, Quing Lac, San Lai, San Thanh, Thanh Lac, Thugng Hoa, Diic Long, Xich Thd, Gia San, Gia Thuy, Gia Lam, Gia Tudng

Ngay 23 thing 11 nam 1993, theo Nghi dinh 88/CP cua Chinh phu ddi tdn huydn Hoing Long trd lai tdn cii la huydn Nho Quan

Hidn nay, huydn Nho Quan ciing gdm mdt thi tran

va 26 xa nhu nam 1981

Didn tich tu nhien cua huydn Nho Quan theo dieu tra nam 2008 li 45.833 ha

Dat dai huydn Nho Quan hinh thinh 3 viing rd ret: vung rirng niii, viing bin son dia va viing ddng chidm triing Do cao trung binh ciia huyen so vdi mat nudc bien tir -1-3 ddn +5 m Niii di cua huydn chiem nhidu Ddi ciing cd nhieu nim d cic xa: Phii Long, Thach Binh, Ydn Quang, San Lai, Quynh Luu, Xich Thd 2-NQ ^ ' 17

- Viing rirng mii cd 3 xa: Ky Phii, Ciic Phuang va Phii Long

- Viing ddng chidm trung cd 5 xa: Diic Long, Thugng Hoi, San Tlianh, Thanh Lac va Gia Thuy

- Viing bin son dia la nhieu nhat gdm 18 xa: Ddng Phong, Thach Binh, Phii Son, Lac Van, Van Phong, Yen Quang, Lang Phong, Van Phuang, Phii Ldc, Van Phii, San Ha, Quynh Luu, Quing Lac, Son Lai, Xich Thd, Gia Son, Gia Lam, Gia Tudng

Ve vung ddi bin son dia d Nho Quan cd 2 loai viing ddi:

- Viing ddi cao d khu vuc Ria, chay dgc theo dudng 12B tir Ria ddn giip thi xa Tam Diep, phin ldn li ddi trgc,

do cao trung binh khoing 160 m

- Viing ddi gd bit lip, thap d phia Tay Bic huydn, nim giiJa sdng Bdi va sdng Lang cd ddng rudng xen ke,

do cao trung binh khoing 140 m, ddc tir 30 do trd ldn

Dia hinh huydn Nho Quan dugc vi nhu ldng chio, cho ndn thudng xuydn iing lut (binh quan cir hai nam mdt lin) va khd can Cho ndn, ngudi dan d day da cd

cau: "Nho Quan chua ndng dd hgn, chua mua dd ung"

Lugng nudc mua hang nam d Nho Quan trung binh la 2.000 mm

Vi vay, ngudi dan Nho Quan phai dip hai con de ldn (sdng Hoing Long)

Nam xa d viing chidm triing, trdng liia thudng dat

nang suit cao "hai bdt up mgt" nghia la lam mdt vu chiem

nhung cd du liia an cho ca vu miia

Ba xa viing rirng niii va 18 xa viing bin son dia, Ilia cay it, nang suit khdng cao, chu yeu la trong miu: lac, sin, khoai sg, khoai lang, khoai mdn, ca chua, dt

Trudc day, d huydn Nho Quan do che phu rirng cao, nudc ve tir tir ndn nan iing lut khdng nhidu Ngay nay, do che phu rimg thap, ndn nudc vd nhanh, nan iing lut xiy ra thudng xuydn

Rirng cua huydn chiem 21% didn tich tu nhidn, chay dai 40 km tir Xich Thd, Thach Binh den San Ha, Quing Lac Dac biet, Nho Quan cd rirng nguydn sinh Ciic Phuang vdi didn tich 22.200 ha, nim trdn viing dat ciia 3 tinh: Ninh Binh, Hoi Binh vi Thanh Hoa, ridng phin dit thudc Ninh Binh li huydn Nho Quan chiem han 16.000 ha

Niii di vdi ciia huydn Nho Quan li 11.026 ha

Ho d Nho Quan cd rat nhidu, han 30 hd ldn nhd, trir lugng hon 17 trieu m^ nudc, hd ldn nhat li hd Ydn Quang cd trii lugng hon 5 trieu m^ nudc Mua mua hd la

19

noi chiia nudc lii, miia khd lai la nai cung cap nudc nggt

- Dudng chien lugc (lam trong thdi ky khing chien chdng My) tir nga ba Gia Lam qua Thach Binh, Ddng Phong di Cue Phuong

Vd giao thdng thuy, cd cic tuyen sau:

- Sdng Lang chiy tir Chidm Hoi (Hoi Binh) qua thi tran Nho Quan gap sdng Bdi tai Kdnh Ga (xa Gia Thinh, huydn Gia Vidn)

- Sdng Bdi bat ngudn tir Ba Dang (Hoa Binh) qua Xich Thd gap sdng Lang tai Kdnh Ga (xa Gia Thinh,

huydn Gia Vidn), tir doan do ggi la sdng Hoing Long

chay qua cic xa: Gia Thinh, Gia Vugng (huydn Gia Vidn) vd bd'n dd Trudng Ydn

- Sdng Y Na tii Hoa Binh qua Gia Lam gap sdng Bdi tai Canh Biu (Gia Thuy)

- Sdng Bdn Dang tir Quynh Luu qua Son Ha den Ydn Son (thi xa Tam Diep)

Nho Quan cdn cd nhidu tai nguydn khoing sin

Dd li he thdng mii d i vdi 11.026 ha, cat vang d Xich Thd, dat mau d Van Phii la nguydn lieu sin xuit ra ve quet tudng, di ong dung lim vat lieu xay dung d viing Quynh Luu, Phii Ldc, Son Ha; Xich Thd cd dat lam gach chiu nhiet, Dim Dim (Thach Binh) cd md than trii lugng khi ldn cd the khai thic phuc vu cdng nghiep dia phuang; sudi nudc khoing ndng Thudng Xung (Ky Phii) chira dugc nhieu bdnh, cd gii tri kinh te cao

21

LICH SLT

Nho Quan li viing dat cd, ndn cd con ngudi sinh sdng rat sdm Vien Khio cd hge Viet Nam khai quat d hang Dang Ding trong Vudn Qudc gia Ciic Phuang tim thay ba ngdi md cd cua ngudi nguydn thuy da di ddn ket luan, con ngudi sdng d day thudc sa ky dd da"mdi, cich ngay nay 7.000 nam, thudc Van hoi Hoa Binh

O trong hang Dang Dang cdn tim thay nhiing cdng

cu bing da cd hinh riu va biia da cung cac ddng vd sd,

vd hen da hoi thach

Dgc cic sudn ddi tir xa Thach Binh den xa Van Phii cdn tim dugc nhieu riu da thudc so ky dd da Do vay, da chiing minh tir trong niii riTng va hang ddng Nho Quan, con ngudi da xudng cac viing lan can lap lang, ap

de sinh sdng

Tai 4 xa: Yen Quang, Gia Tudng, Thach Binh va

Van Phuang da phit hidn dugc 4 trdng ddng thudc loai

II, cdn dugc ggi la trd'ng Mudng'"

Dieu dd, khing dinh Nho Quan li mdt trong nhirng viing dat da gdp phin tao dung ndn Qud'c gia Van Lang cua cic vua Hiing va nudc Au Lac do An Duang Vuong Thuc Phan thinh lap vao giiia the' ky III trudc cdng nguyen

O dat Nho Quan, con ngudi xuat hidn rat sdm va cung la nai ngudi Nho Quan tham gia dau tranh giinh ddc lap tu do tir lau ddi

Viing dat Nho Quan tir thd' ky thii X da in dau an thdi tudi au tha ciia Dinh Bd Linh vi b i Dam Thi (me Dinh Bd Linh)

Sach "Dgi Viet sii" ky todn thu" cd ghi:

'Vua mo coi cha tit be, me hg Ddm dua gia thugc vdo a cgnh den San Thdn trong dgng"'-'

Nhu the me Vua Dinh Tidn Hoing li Dam Thi,

khdng rd ten la gi "Ddm Thi" la lay tdn hg de ggi Ddn

Son Thin tiic la ddn Long Vidn d xa De Cdc Xa De Cdc

(1) - Theo "Lich st/Ddng hp huyen Nho Quan (1930 - 2000)" - Xud't hdn thdng

7 ndm 2005 Nhung trong hdi 'Trong dong Dai Viet" ciia Ddng Cong Nga thi

"Ngay vung chdn lu'u xd Yen Quang, huyen Nho Quan, ndm 1968 tim dugc tngt trong loai I vd tgi thon Thgch IM, xd Thgch Binh ciing tim dugc mgt trong logi I khdc vdo ndm 1994" (Tgp chi "Vdn hod Ninh Binh" - So xudn Dinh Siiu 1997 (2) - "Dai Vict su ky todn thu" - NXB KHXH - Hd Ngi - 1998 - trang 210

23

xua, ngiy nay chinh li thdn My Ha, xa Gia Thuy Dieu

do khing dinh thdn My Ha, xa Gia Thuy la qud cuaba

Dim Thi li me Vua Dinh Tidn Hoang

Sau khi Dinh Cdng Trii (bd cua Dinh Bd Linh) lam Thii sir Hoan Chau (Nghd An) mat, Dinh Bd LTnh da ciing me li Dam Thi va gia nhan tir Hoan Chau trd ve qud Hoa Lu, d canh ddn San Thin, tiic la vd qud me d Nhu the cd nghia la xa Gia Thuy da la noi Dinh Bd Linh d thdi nhd ciing vdi me

Ddn Son Thin theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chC tiic

la ddn Long Vidn: "(7 xd Di Cdc, nhd me Dinh Tien

Hodng a ddy, ticc cho d cii cua Dinh Tien Hodng luc cdn

dn ndu, nin nhd cU ndy vdn cdn nen ggi Id "Long Vien", trudc mat trong ra song, co cdu NgU, cdu Phanh, ben td vudn CO gd bang phdng, tUc Id cho bdy trdn cd lau"''^\

Me con Dinh Bd Linh phii nuong nhd dng chii rudt li Dinh Thiic Du

Vdi tri thdng minh, tai nang bam sinh, lai la con nha quan cd hge, vao liia tudi duang do trudng thanh, Dinh Bd Linh da thich nghi ngay mdi trudng sdng mdi, hoa ddng, chidm dugc ldng men phuc cua bgn tre quanh vung va dan ling

(li- "Dgi Nam nhat thong chi" - Tap 111 - NXB KHXH - 1971 - Trang 251

Dinh Bd LTnh ciing nhu bao tre nhd khic trong ling qud, thudng phii di kid'm ciii, chan trau Khi di chan trau Dinh Bd LTnh dugc tdn diing diu bgn tre chan trau, dugc chiing khoanh tay gii lam ngai rudc chai biy Id vua tdi, lay hoa lau lim cd cho quan mang phia trudc, lai gii lam quan di rudc d hai bdn ti him, hdt nhu nghi thirc tridu dinh Dinh Bd LTnh cdn bay cho bgn tre chia quan dinh tran gii Nhdm ban than ciing liia tudi vdi nhau cd Dinh Dien, Nguydn Bac, Trinh Tii, Luu Co cung tudi, cung qud, da cimg Dinh Bd LTnh kdt nghTa anh em Dinh

Bd LTnh dugc tdn lim anh ci Sich "Dgi Viet su ky todn

thu" cd ghi: "Bd me thdy vdy mUng ldm, md lgn nhd cho chiing dn Phu ldo cdc sdeh'" bdo nhau: "DUa be ndy khi lugng nhu thi dt ldm nen su nghiep, bgn ta neu khong theo ve, ngdy sau hdi thi dd mugn" Ben ddn con em den theo, rdi lap ldm trudng d sach Ddo Ao"'-K Dao Ao chinh

li Dio Uc, nay li thdn My Ha, xa Gia Thuy

Hidn nay, d khu vuc thdn My Ha cdn mdt sd dia danh va tdn ggi ndi vd thdi xa xua Dinh Bd LTnh khi da d day: ddi Hg la noi dimg trau, Ndi Chdi la noi lam chdi liic trii quan, Ndi Rdn Chidng la noi de chidng va dinh chidng lam hidu, khu Rimg Trd'ng li noi de trd'ng, Ndi Ban Cd li nai cim cd lau lam hidu tien quan, Ndi Bua

(1) - Sdeh: dan vi hdnh chinh nho a mien mii nhu hdn, trai

(2)- "Dgi Viet su ky todn thu" (Sdd) - Trang 210

25

Lau la noi liy bdng lau lam cd, Ddng Quan la noi hdi quan, Ngi Nim Com li nai de com nim, den Long Vidn thd Long Vidn Ndi Khinh Cdng chiia, tuong truydn li ngudi dd de ra Dinh Bd LTnh

Khi Dinh Bd LTnh diing ldn dep loan 12 sir qufin, Nho Quan da cd 2 tudng: Ld Du va Ld Chuong cung vdi Dinh Bd LTnh di dinh 11 sir quan cdn lai, danh dau dugc day, cac chau, cic phu khdng ai khdng quy phuc

Cud'i nam Dinh Mao (967), Dinh Bd LTnh dinh vi dep ydn dugc 11 sii quan, khdng cdn loan 12 sii quan, non sdng thu vd mdt mdi, dat nudc trd lai thd'ng nhat

Nam 968, Dinh Bg LTnh ldn ngdi Hoang de, dat tdn nudc la Dai Cd Viet, ddng dd d Hoa Lu (xa Trudng Ydn, huydn Hoa Lu, tinh Ninh Binh ngay nay)

Nhung trudc khi ddng dd d xa Trudng Ydn, cd

the, theo "Ldi tua ' c\\o tap tho "Hdn dd vua ngu" do Tii tai

thdn Lu Phong, xa Quynh Luu la Luang Van Thang viet

vao ddi vua Khii Dinh thir 9 (1924) thi "Vgn Thdng

Vuang (Dinh Bg Linh) ben cho dong tgm triiu dinh d vung San Lai - Nho Quan, rdi chudn bi lUc lugng, bao gdm ddn binh, qudn linh ciing tdn qudn ciia cdc sii: qudn

a Chdu Hoan, Chdu Ai vi xdy thdnh, ddo hdo, dung cung dien d ddy Sau mgt ndm, thdnh qudch hodn chinh, cung dien trang nghiem, Dinh Bg Linh cUng bd quan

vdn vd triiu dinh rdi hdnh do San Lai vi Kinh do Hoa

Lu, chinh thUc len ngoi Hodng de"""'

DT nhidn, Tii tai Luang Van Thang viet nhu trdn ciing chi li de tham khio

Nhung nam 1990, Bio ting Ha Nam Ninh cd td chiic didu tra, khio sat d xa Son Lai va xa Quynh Luu, huydn Nho Quan thi tai viing niii nay cdn nhieu dia danh

va truyen thuyet lidn quan ddn hanh cung, tiic la noi vua Dinh d tam thdi de xay dung Kinh dd Hoa Lu (tai xa Trudng Yen, huydn Hoa Lu) Hidn nay mdt sd niii va thung cd cic tdn ggi nhu: Dan Td' Trdi li dinh cua ddi Thd (thudc xa Son Lai, sau nay sit nhap thudc xa Quynh Luu); khu vuc quanh ddi Thd, Dinh Bd LTnh dung lam nai luyen quan; khu vuc Hdc Lugc, thung Chua cd mii cao va liing sau ciing la nai Dinh Bd LTnh cho quan linh

luyen tap quan su; Hdn ^a Vua Ngu la mdt hdn di ldn

bing phang diing giira nam hdn d i khac nhd hon xep theo hinh cinh cung; niii Diu Quan (sau ggi la Diu Can)

la nai tuyen md binh linh mdi cua Dinh Bd LTnh; niii Rdch la nai tudng ITnh ciia Dinh Bd LTnh dat loa kdu ggi binh sy trong liic luyen tap; thung Lau la noi Dinh Bd LTnh d Theo truyen thuyet, khu doanh trai ciia Dinh

Bd LTnh khi d day cd bd'n cua canh phdng can mat li:

(1) - Bdn dich cua Dinh Nggc Thanh, que Gia Phong, Gia Vien

27

Thugng, Nggc, Binh, Thinh, sau nay trd thanh bd'n khu dan cu Cira Thugng, ggi la Thugng Lugc, tu:c ling Lugc; cua Nggc, sau nay li ling Nggc My, tiic ling Me; cira Binh, sau la thdn Ydn Binh, tiic lang Xit; cua Thinh, sau nay la thdn Ddng Thinh (ngay nay thudc xa Quynh Luu, ggi la thdn Ddi Thd) Chinh vi the, hidn nay d cac lang

dd ddu cd dinh va den thd vua Dinh Tidn Hoang Lang Xit cd dinh Vua; lang Ddng Thinh cd ddn thd vua Dinh Tidn Hoang trdn ddi Thd; ling Me cd dinh Nggc My thd Dinh Tidn Hoang; ling Lugc cd dinh Lugc thd Dinh Tidn Hoang

Nguydn Tir Min trong "Ninh Binh todn tinh dia

chi khdo bien" cdn ghi: "Nui Md Can: O dia phdn thon Phuc Lai (tUc xd San Lai ngdy nay), thdn Dong Thinh (trude ddy Id dia phdn xd San Lai nay thugc xd Quynh Luu), cdch 19 dam phia Nam huyen Phung Hod, cdn ten nUa Id nin Vua Dinh Truyin rang, Dinh Tien Hodng thdi cdn tre dem muc dong den dien tap trdn d ddy, ngudi ddi sau lay dd't dy lap mieu thd"'"

Ciing theo truyen thuyet, mdt trong 5 ba Hoang hdu cua vua Dinh Tidn Hoang la Duong thi qud d xa Gia Thuy Khi Dinh Bd LTnh dang lam trai trudng trai Dao

Ao, dng Luu Phiic la ngudi ban than trudc day cua Dinh

(1) - "Ninh Binh dia chi khdo hien" - (Sdd) - trang 114

Cdng Trir da di tim vg cho Dinh Bd LTnh Eng den Long Vidn (Vudn Rdng) d thdn My Ha, thiy cd mdt cd gii rat xinh dep dang cit cd, vira cit vira hit cau:

"Anh di tdn tia, tdn vdng

De em cdt cd ben ddng sao dang

Tay cdm bdn nguyet xenh sang Hdng trdm nggn cd lai hdng tay ta"

Ong cho ring, day chinh li ngudi phu nir cin tim

de lam vg cho Dinh Bd LTnh, ben tim den nha dng Duong Thii Huyen (trudc day la tudng ciia Duong Dinh Nghd

ve huu) de tham ban cii va hdi thdm ve cd gii vira gap Khdng ngd Duong thi chinh la con cua dng Duong Thii Huydn The li Luu Phiic da tim dugc ngudi vg diu tidn cho Dinh Bd LTnh, chinh la Duong thi - cd gii d thdn

My Ha, xa Gia Thuy

Dii la nhirng dia danh va truyen thuyet ndu trdn, chua cd can cii, cung du ndi ring viing dat Nho Quan cd lidn quan phin nao ddn Dinh Bd LTnh d the' ky thii X

Thdi nha Dinh, ddng dd d Hoa Lu (xa Trudng Yen, huydn Hoa Lu), cd the Nho Quan li mdt trong nhung dia ban quan trgng, noi tiep irng luong thio vi ciing la noi canh phdng bio vd virng chic kinh thanh

Trong cudc khang chien chd'ng quan Nguydn Mdng lin thir hai, ngiy 18 thing 2 nam 1285 quan ta

-29

giao chien vdi quan dich trdn bd Bic sdng Hdng Sau dd' tridu dinh va toan bd quan dan ta phii rut khdi Thang Long de cho dich thiy Thang Long li mdt kinh thinh bd trd'ng Vi vay Thoit Hoan khdng dim ddng quan trong thinh Thang Long ma riit ra ddng d bd Bac sdng Hdng Mdt cinh quan thii ba cua giac tir Van Nam (Trung Qud'c) tidn xud'ng nudc ta Trin Nhat Du£lt sau khi giao chien vdi giac, nit lui bio toan luc lugng ve hdi quan vdi vua Trin Thoit Hoan cho quan truy dudi quan ta, Trin Binh Trgng cin giac d bai Da Mac (bdn sdng Hdng - Khoai Chau) khdng may sa vao tay giac Quan ta khi dd phii riit lui vd phu Thien Trudng (Nam Dinh) va phii Trudng Ydn (Ninh Binh)

Quan va dan nha Tran riit quan ve phii Trudng Yen, lai vao Thanh Hoi, phii di qua dudng San Lai, Son

Ha d Nho Quan Nhan dan cac xa dd va quanh viing da chat cay, lam dudng de quan va dan nha Trin lui quan chd CO hdi danh giac

Toa Dd lai tu" phia Nam tie'n quan qua Thanh Hoa ddn phii Trudng Ydn ddng lai d dd, cho mdt bd phan ra hdi vdi quan Thoat Hoan Vua Trin keo quan tir Thanh Hoi ciing theo dudng tir Son Ha, Son Lai ra dinh giac d phu Trudng Ydn ngiy 7 thing 6 nam 1285 Nhu thd' tran chid'n dau, tidu diet quan Nguydn - Mdng d phu Trudng Ydn cd cdng siic cua nhan dan Nho Quan Vi vay, d xa Son Lai cdn cd tdn ggi mdt nggn mii cao nhat vung la niii