Mac dii vay, can cii vao cac chiic tudc ldn dng dugc phong khi cdn sd'ng hoat ddng trong hang ngii nghia quan hay dugc truy tang sau khi mat, dng cdn dugc phong qud'c tinh hg Le sau khi
Trang 1DANH NHAN TIEU BIEU
1 - BA DAM THI - ME VUA DINH TIEN HOANG
(XA GIA THUY)
Sich "Dgi Viet sd ky todn thu^' cd ghi:
"Vua md cdi cha tU be, me hg Ddm dua gia thudc vdo a cgnh din San Thdn trong dgng" "*
Nhu the me vua Dinh Tidn Hoang la Dam Thj,
khdng rd tdn la gi "Ddm Thi" la lay ten hg de ggi
Ba Dam Thj ciing vdi Dinh Bd LTnh d Hoan Chau (Nghd An) khi Dinh Cdng Tni lam thii sir Hoan Chau
Den San Thin tiic la ddn Long Vidn d xa Dd Cd'c
:^-, Sich "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" ghi:
(1) - "DVSfCFT" - (sdd) - trang 210
Trang 2"Long Vien: U xd Di Cdc, nhd me Dinh Tien Hodng a ddy, tdc chd cu cua Dinh Tien Hodng luc cdn
dn ndu, nen nhd cu ndy vdn cdn nen ggi la "Long Vien", trudc mat trdng ra sdng, cd cdu Ngi/, cdu Phanh, ben td vudn cd gd bdng phdng, tUc Id chd bdy trdn cd lau"'"
.Xa De Cd'c xua, ngay nay chinh la thdn My Ha, xa Gia Thuy Dieu dd khang djnh qud cua ba Dam Thj la thdn My Ha, xa Gia Thuy
Sau khi Dinh Cdng Tni mat d Hoan Chau, ba Dam Thj mdi dua Dinh Bd LTnh vd qud ngoai d
Tha'y Dinh Bd LTnh "keo nhau di ddnh tre con thdn khdc, din ddu bgn tre diu sg phuc, hdng ngdy rii nhau din phuc dich kiim ciii thdi cam Bd me thdy vdy mdng ldm, md lgn nhd cho chung dn"'-'
Dieu dd the hidn ba Dam Thj rat thuong ydu, quan tam va ddng vidn Dinh Bd LTnh luyen tap quan su ngay khi con trai cdn nhd tudi
Chfnh vi the, sau dd Dinh Bd LTnh da lam trudng d sach Dao Ao, tiic sich Dao Uc, la thdn My Ha, xa Gia Thuy
(D- "Dai Nam nhdt thdng chi"- (sdd) - trang 251 Tap HI - NXBKHXH -1971 (2) - "DVSKTT"- (sdd) - Trang 210
Trang 3Sich sir xua viet ve ba Dam Thj rat it, chi cd the, nhung ciing du giiip chiing ta hieu dugc qud ba d xa Gia Thuy va ba cd mdt tam ldng thuong ydu, ddng vidn con luyen tap quan su khi cdn ft tudi
Ai dd vidi ba Dam Thj cd mang vdi rai ci dd sinh
ra Dinh Bd LTnh chi la su hu cau de tic phim va nhan vat mang tinh truyen thuydt ma thdi
Trang 42 - HAI TUdNG QUAN LE DU vA LE CHUONG
(XA PHU LOC)
Ld Du va Ld Chuong la hai anh em sinh ddi ciia vg chdng ba Trin Thj Doan va dng Ld Trgng Ong Ld Trgng ngudi ling Phii Khd, tiic lang Kho, xa Phii Ldc ngay nay Ba Trin Thj Doan la ngudi huydn Ydn Md
Thdi nhd, hai anh em Ld Du va Ld Chuang (Ld Du
la anh) thdng minh, gidi vd nghd, vi dugc dng Ld Trgng cho di hge cic thiy gidi vd ndi tid'ng
Nam Ld Du va Ld Chuang 21 tudi, bd me ddu qua ddi Liic nay hai anh em da trudng thanh va thay dat nudc da ndi ldn loan 12 sii quan, ndn ciing diing ldn chidu md binh linh luyen tap quan su Hai anh em chieu
md dugc hon mdt ngan binh linh, chia lam hai ddn ddng
d qud Ddn phfa Ddng do Ld Du ddng thudc dja phan phfa Ddng ling Phii Khd, ddn phfa Tay do Ld Chuang ddng d phfa Tay lang Phii Khd Nhan dan trong viing tha'y Ld Du va Ld Chuang luyen tap quan sT ndn cho con
em minh theo rat ddng
Thdi gian nay Dinh Bd LTnh da diing ldn luyen tap quan sT d ddng Hoa Lu (xa Gia Hung, huydn Gia Vidn
Trang 5ngay nay) va trd thanh trai trudng trai Dao Ao Luc lugng vii trang ciia Dinh Bd LTnh ngay cang ldn manh, chid'm giir ci mdt vung qud Hoa Lu Dinh Bd LTnh da thu phuc dugc ca Sich Bdng cua ngudi chii Dinh Thiic Du Dinh
Bd LTnh lai di danh chid'm cac vung xung quanh, uy the ngay cang ldn manh hon
Bid't dugc tin dd, Ld Du va Ld Chuang hgp binh lai, dd'n ddng Hoa Lu theo Dinh Bd LTnh, cung Dinh Bd LTnh di dep loan 12 sii quan Dd'n cudi nam 967, Dinh
Bg LTnh da dep ydn loan 12 su quan, non sdng thu ve mgt mdi, dai nudc trd lai thd'ng nha't
Nam 968, Dinh Bg LTnh ldn ngdi Hoang de, hidu
la Dinh Tidn Hoang, dat tdn nude la Dai Cd Viet, ddng
dd d Hoa Lu (xa Trudng Ydn, huydn Hoa Lu ngay nay) Vua Dinh Tidn Hoang phong cho Ld Du la Thanh Y Tran Qudc cdng, phong cho Ld Chuong la Hien Quang Dai tudng quan va cho hai dng ve tham qud Sau dd hai dng
vd tridu phung su vua Dinh Tien Hoang dugc 9 nam niia, dd'n ngay 15 thing gidng hai dng qua ddi
Sau khi hai dng mat, Vua Dinh Tidn Hoang tang
phong cho Ld Du la 'Thanh Y Trdn qud'c cdng Cdng chinh Trang tiic Hy muc Hien cdng Dgi vuang", Ld Chuang la "Hien Quang DUng mdnh Dgi tudng qudn Hung tdi Dgi lugc Anh nghi Dgi vuang" Hidn nay, tai
lang Kho (tiic ling Phii Khd xua) d xa Phii Ldc cd den Lang Kho thd Ld Du va Ld Chuong
Trang 63 - TRINH LOI (? - 1434)
V 6 l K H 6 I NGHIA LAM SON
(XA SON THANH)
Theo "Dgi Nam nhdt thdng chi" Tap III, Quyen
XIX (tinh Ninh Binh) thi Trjnh Ldi ngudi thdn Cu Lai,
xa Son Dugc, tdng Van Trinh, huydn Gia Vidn (nay la lang Siy, xa Son Thanh, huydn Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh) Ong tham gia cudc khoi nghia Lam Son (1418 -1427) ttr rat sdm Nhung trong sd 18 ngudi cung Ld Lgi
du hdi thd Liing Nhai vao dau thing 2 nam Binh Than (3-1416) trudc khi phat ddng khdi nghia, tdn hg 18 ngudi
cd ghi rd trong bai van the dugc Ld Lgi dgc tai budi Id, lai khdng cd ten Trjnh Ldi, dieu dd cho phep nghi ring dng
da tham gia nghTa quan sau khi cudc khdi nghTa da bung
nd Mac dii vay, can cii vao cac chiic tudc ldn dng dugc phong khi cdn sd'ng hoat ddng trong hang ngii nghia quan hay dugc truy tang sau khi mat, dng cdn dugc phong qud'c tinh hg Le sau khi khdi nghia thanh cdng, cd the tha'y rang Trjnh Ldi la mdt danh tudng, mdt khai qud'c
Trang 7cdng thin cua tridu Ld Tide ring sir sich cii ghi chep rat
ft ve nhiing ddng gdp cu the cua dng trong cudc khdi nghia khid'n cho vide tii hidn cudc ddi oanh liet ciia dng
gap nhidu khd khan May min la trong "Dgi Viet thdng su" (De ky), ghi chep ve luc lugng cua nghTa quan Lam
San, cd cho bidi ring liic mdi khdi su cd 51 tudng ca vo lin van, trong sd tdn 51 ngudi dd cd tdn Trjnh Ldi, dugc xep thii 10 (sau cac tudng Ld Khang, Ld Luan, Ld Ninh,
Ld Sao, Ld Ld, Ld Hidn, Ld Nhii Hd, Ld Long, Ld Cd'i
"Dgi Viet thdng sd" cua Ld Quy Ddn ciing cung cap thdm
mdt so thdng tin quy nhung thieu cu the Dd la Trjnh Ldi
da ciing vdi Ld Ld (Dinh Ld), Ld Khang v.v lam tudng trong hang ngii nghia quan Lam Son, trai qua nhidu hiem nguy gian khd ndn da dugc phong tudc Thieu uy (trong quan ddi ddi Ld, Thieu uy la mdt chi huy cao cap, tuong duang vdi chiic Tudng quan) Thing gidng nam Dinh Mui (2-1427), trong cudc vay ham thanh Ddng Quan (Ha Ndi ngay nay), Trjnh Ldi dugc giao nhidm vu ddng ddn binh canh giir cira Nam
Sau khi da danh tan quan Minh, tudng giac Vuong Thdng phii xin dau hang, rdi nit quan ve nude Ngay 16 thing 4 nam Mau Than (29-4-1428) Ld Lgi chinh thu:c ldn ngdi Hoang de, khdi phuc qud'c hidu Dai Viet, lay
Trang 8nidn hidu Thuan Thidn, Trjnh Ldi dugc phong li Nhap ndi Thj Trung, Nam sau, khi tridu dinh dung bia khic ten cac Cdng thin, dng dugc phong tudc Dinh Thugng hiu Dd'n nam 1432 (Thuan Thidn thii 5), dng lai dugc thang lam Nhap ndi Dai Hanh Khien, Ta Bde Xa, dugc tham du cdng vide tridu chinh
Ngay 7 thing 11 nam Thieu Binh thii 1 ddi Ld Thanh Tdng (tiic ngay 7/12/1434) dng mat Trieu dinh truy tang dng ham Bio Chinh cdng thin, Phu qud'c Thugng tudng quan, Nhap ndi Trung Thu Ldnh, tudc Huong hau, thuy la Trung Giin
Nam Hdng Diic thii 15, ddi Ld Thanh Tdng (nam 1484), dng dugc truy tang tudc Tuydn hy hiu, gia tang ham Thai uy, tudc Dao Qud'c cdng Hai chiu dng la Hiiu Dat va Hiiu Do deu giir chiie chi huy trong ddi quan hau canh Vua (Tuy quan)
Ldm Xudn Dinh
Trang 94 - DINH NGOC NHU (HIEP DE)
(XA GIA THUY)
Thuc dan Phap danh chid'm Ninh Binh lin thii nhat vao ngay 05 thing 12 nam 1873 Sau dd chiing dinh chid'm Ninh Binh lin thii hai ngay 22 thing 10 nam 1883 Tinh ly Ninh Binh da bj thuc dan Phap chid'm ddng
Dd'n cudi the ky XIX, phong trio Can Vuang chd'ng Phap xam lugc ldn cao Cho ndn, mac du thuc dan Phap
da chid'm dugc tinh ly Ninh Binh, phong trio khang chid'n chd'ng Phip cua nhan dan Ninh Binh cang sdi sue, manh
me
Thdi ky nay d xa Dd Cd'c (nay la xa Gia Thuy) cd dng Dinh Nggc Nhu, sinh nam Canh Ty, thudng ggi la Hiep Dd vi dng da dd Cir nhan ddi vua Tu Diic, dugc bd lam chiie C^anh Hiep (Hiep trudng) d xa Dd Cd'c
Ong da td chiic luc lugng, xay dung can cii chdng
Phap d xa Di Cd'c Niii Dd Cd'c dugc dng dung lam trung
tam tap hgp luc lugng khdi nghia, ddng thdi lam ddn luy
de dinh Phip Ong Quich Cdng Ngan (Dd'c Tam) la
Trang 10Lang Mudng da xay dung can cii chdng Phap d An Binh (Lac Thuy, Hoa Binh) cung da lien he vdi dng Hiep De
de danh Phip
Phong trio dinh Phip da lan rdng, tai tinh Thanh Hoa d Ba Dinh dng Dinh Cdng Tring (Lanh Trang) da diing ldn tuydn md quan, sam vu khf danh Phap Ong da lidn lac vdi cac thu ITnh nghTa quan khac d Ninh Binh nhu Nguydn Xuan Gia, Hoang Van Tuan, Pham Van Ly NghTa quan ciia Nguydn Xuan Gia (ngudi xa Ydn Hung, huydn Y Yen, tinh Nam Djnh) da tuyen md nghTa quan d viing Y Yen va Ninh Binh lay xa Dd Cd'c lam can cii de hoat ddng Xa De Cd'c khi dd gdm cic thdn: My
Ha, Ddng Xung, Di Thugng, Ddng Ndng, Hanh Phiic
Thd' la nghia quan cua Hiep De da dugc dng Dinh Cdng Trang va Nguydn Xuan Gia (Cai Gii) tid'p siic Chfnh vi the, ca dao d dja phuong cdn luu truyen:
"Ldnh Trdng, Cai Gid, Hiep Di Ndm trdm binh linh keo ve binh Tdy"
Dja ban hoat ddng ciia nghia quan Hiep Dd ngay cang md rdng, ttr xa De Cd'c dd'n An Binh (Lac Thuy, Hoa Binh) tiic la can cii ciia nghia quan Quich Cdng Ngan
Hiep De da lanh dao nghTa quan chid'n dau vdi quan Phap 3 tran:
Trang 11- Trdn thd nhdt: Phip dem quan chan dinh d quen
Gianh (cira ngd giao luu cua can cir Hiep Dd va Ddc Tam), tran nay nghTa quan ta thing, djch phai nit ve Nho Quan Ngay hdm sau, djch lai td chiic dinh vao quen Mo tan cdng can cii ciia Dd'c Tam
- Trdn thU hai: Phap dua quan ve Dd Cd'c bing ca
nd dgc sdng Bdi, dd'n bd'n Mo, dd bd ldn dinh Mai dinh tat xud'ng, nghia quan chan dudng Rde Mo (Ndi Cd Chuang), nghTa quan keo siing thin cdng ttr rtmg nha dng Hd ra bin, nhung siic cdng phi khdng ldn ndn quan Phip xdng vao bao vay lang My
- Trdn thU ba: Phap cho quan ttr bd'n Mo danh tat
xudng bao vay can cii cua Hiep Dd Hiep De chd'ng tra nhung khdng dugc, phii chay ldn rimg Dd Thugng Thuc dan Phap da bit dugc Hiep De dua ve phii ly Nho Quan Trdn dudng quan Phip dua ve phu ly Nho Quan, Hiep
De da cin ludi tu vin d chg Hang ngay 20 thing 7 nam Dinh Hgi (1887)
Sau khi Hiep Di mat, nhan dan da thd dng d ba
noi: dinh Mdng (xa Yen Quang); dinh d xa Thanh Hai, huydn Thanh Lidm, tinh Ha Nam; dinh d thdn Ddng Sung, xa Gia Lam (ngdi dinh nay khdng cdn)
Trieu dinh nha Nguydn da cd sic phong cho Hiep
De la "Qud'c cdng Mdng diim Dgi tudng trung qudn Thugng ddng thdn"
Trang 125 - DINH TAT MIEN, NGU6l BI THU DAU TIEN
CUA DANG B O D A N G CONG SAN
DONG DUONG TINH NINH BINH
(XA SON THANH)
Dinh Tat Midn (1891-1939) sinh nam 1891 trong mdt gia dinh ndng dan d xdm Liu, lang Siy, tiude thudc
xa Son Dugc idng Van Trinh, nay thudc xa Son Thanh, huydn Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh
Xua kia ttr ling Siy sang ling Rja phai di qua con
dd Riy, nay da cd dudng dd Phia Nam cua lang Siy la sdng Rde Trang, qua sdng trdn bd'n dd Dugc tdi dugc lang Lu Phong, ling Quynh, vudn Ben Phfa Ddng Bic ciia ling Siy la dat Gia Phong, huydn Gia Vidn, giao luu vdi nhau thdng qua dd Siy Lang Siy xua cd luy tre bao quanh tao ndn thanh luy viing chac chd'ng thii dii, gid bao thdi hdng hoang, luy tre cdn chd'ng ca giac phuong Bic thdi phong kid'n va rdi lai kidn cudng bdn bi chd'ng giac Phip cung phit xit Nhat Trong bdi cinh tu nhidn va
xa hdi dd, ling Say da sinh ra va hun diic ndn mdt chid'n
Trang 13sT each mang uu tii, ngudi Bf thu diu tidn cua Dang bd Ninh Binh: Dinh Tat Midn
Thud nhd Dinh Tat Midn rai hidu hge, da tiTng cting vdi anh trai ciia minh la dng dd Ldc sang tan Ha Nam theo hge Tam nguydn Ydn Dd Nguydn Khuydn Cung vdi vide hge chir Han, dng cdn hge lam thudc, hge lam ngudi cd ich cho quin chiing lao khd ttr chinh Luong Van Thang - cu Tii Thang ngudi anh re trong gia dinh Dinh Tai Midn cd du trf luc va dieu kidn tid'p thu mdt cich nhanh nhay ludng tu tudng mdi duong thdi Ong gia nhap td chiic Viet Nam Thanh nidn Cich mang Ddng chi hdi (VNTNCMDCH) diu tidn d Ninh Binh
Ngiy 24/6/1929 chi bg VNTNCMDCH d Lu Phong chuyen sang thanh chi bd Ddng Duong Cdng sin ding do Luong Van Thang lam Bf thu, Dinh Tat Midn ciing dugc kdi nap vao Ddng Duong Cdng sin ding va
sinh hoat tai chi bd "gdc", chi bd Lii Phong Sau dd Dinh
Tai Midn dugc chi bd Lu Phong phan cdng ve xay dung
ca sd Ding d lang Siy Bang uy tin va cd each van ddng anh em quin chiing mdt cich khdn kheo, Dinh Tat Midn
da gay dung ndn mdt he thd'ng co sd viing chic tu chfnh ngdi nha cua minh, noi tuydn truydn tu tudng cdng sin
Trang 14cho quin chiing lao khd Ngiy 15/8/1930 chi bd Ding diu tidn cua lang Siy dugc thinh lap dudi su chi dao cua Dinh Tat Midn De vide hoat ddng cich mang dugc thuan lgi, dng da thdi nghd day hge ma chuyen sang lam nghe thiy lang kd don bde thud'c Khi di chiia bdnh cho dan, dng thudng bd truyen don lin vao trong thud'c nhim tuydn truyen tu tudng cdng sin ci viing rdng ldn d Nho Quan
Ngdi nha 5 gian cua dng liic nao ciing ddng ngudi dd'n chiia bdnh Cin bd cd khi gii lam con bdnh de dd'n nha dng hdi hgp, trao ddi thu ttr Ngdi nha gd nam gian quay hudng Nam, mii ra, vach dat, dng da khdn kheo
bd trf nhidu cira sd nhd, duy nhat cd mdt cira ra vao thuan lgi cho vide hdi hgp Ba Dinh Thj Cdng la chiu dau ciia Dinh Tat Midn ke lai ring mdt sd cudc hgp d nha dng Midn, ba dugc giao nhiem vu canh gac vdng trong, vdng ngoai la mdt sd ngudi diing theo ddi d dd Siy, dd Dugc,
dd Riy, khi nao tha'y djch qua sdng, keo vao lang thi bao cho ba Ba Cdng dung can chdi nhu dang dudi ga dinh ddng cho cin bd Ding bidi ma nit lui an toan La co sd each mang cd quan he mat thiei vdi Luang Van Thang, lai nim trong ling Siy cd dja thd' thuan lgi cho hoat ddng
bf mat cua Ding, ndn nha Dinh Tat Midn li noi td chiic
Trang 15mdt so cudc hgp quan trgng Trong bdi canh dd, Dinh Tat Midn cang cd dieu kidn ren luyen bin than, tfch luy kinh nghidm, tid'p thu nhanh tu tudng cdng san va cd mdt each nhin toin didn ve phong trio cich mang
Cud'i nam 1935, Luong Van Thang va Dinh Tat Midn da tridu tap hdi nghj Dang bd Ninh Binh tai chinh nha Dinh Tat Midn Hdi nghj quydi djnh xay dung lai
phong trao each mang va ra td bio "Dudng Kdch menh"
la CO quan tuydn truydn cua Ding bd, hudng din quan chiing da'u tranh vach tdi ac ciia bgn thuc dan phong kid'n
Thing 2 nam 1937, Dinh Tat Midn dugc Ban can
su Dang tinh Ninh Binh phan cdng ldn thj tran Nho Quan
md hidu thud'c, ddng thdi lam dai ly phit hanh sich bao, lgi dung phat hanh sach bio ciia Ding va rai truyen don gay dung CO sd each mang cua quin chiing Nho Quan
Sang thing 5 nam 1937, Dinh Tat Midn tham gia van ddng quin chiing tai thj tran Nho Quan gdp tien ung
hd cic cudc dau tranh cua cdng nhan nha may xe lira Trudng Thi, nha miy sgi Nam Djnh, qua dd lam cho quin chiing hieu va di theo phong trao each mang
Trong Dai hdi Ding bd tinh Ninh Binh lin thii nhai td chiic vao mua thu nam 1938 tai nha dng Nguydn
Trang 16Van Xien (xdm Ddi Dau, thdn Sua, xa Son Lai, huydn Nho Quan), Dinh Tit Midn vinh du dugc biu lam Bi thu Dang bd Ninh Binh (J cuong vj diing diu td chiic Dang ciia mdt tinh, Dinh Tat Midn da dem hdi trf tue va siic luc ddng gdp cho su nghiep cich mang cua Ninh Binh ndi ridng, dat nude Viet Nam ndi chung
Ngay 29/9/1939 Dinh Tat Midn bj djch bit trong dgt chiing khiing bd sau cao trao 1936 -1939 Ong bj djch tra tan da man, nhung vin giir virng khi tidi cua ngudi each mang Dinh Tat Midn da hy sinh tai nha tu Nam Djnh nam 1939 Ong mat di de lai niem tide thuong ciia Ding bd va nhan dan Ninh Binh
Nguyen Cao Tdn
Trang 176 - LUONG VAN THANG - NGUClI DANG VIEN
CONG SAN DAU TIEN 6 NINH BINH
(1865-1940) (XA QUYNH LUU)
Luang Van Thang, thudng ggi la Tii Thang vi dng
da dd Tii tai d khoa thi Bfnh Ngg nam 1906, qud d lang
Lu Phong, xa Quynh Luu Ong sinh nam 1865 la con lit
cu Luong The Nhung, mgt nha nho cd tinh thin ydu nudc Me la ba Phan Thj Nhai, mdt ndng dan lam rudng
Thud nhd, Luong Van Thang di hge d trudng tdng Quynh Luu, thdng minh, nhanh nhen, ngoan ngoan dugc thay ydu, ban quy, dan lang ca nggi
Sau khi hge d trudng tdng Quyng Luu, dng dugc sang Nam Djnh hge cu nghe Khieu d Nang Tinh, Nam Djnh, rdi hge cu Cir Pham Van Phi la con lit cu Hoang giip Pham Van Nghj, sau dd cdn hge cu Dd'c hge Nam Djnh Nguydn Thugng Hien (da tung lam dd'c hge Ninh Binh) Dugc hge cic thiy ddu cd ldng ydu nudc, ndn
Trang 18Luang Van Thang sdm tid'p thu dugc tinh thin ydu nudc, hieu dugc ndi khd cua nhan dan la do bgn de qud'c, phong kid'n bde lot
Vi vay, sau nam 1906 thi dd Tii tai d Nam Djnh, dng trd vd qud day hge va lam thud'c Lam thay day hge, dng mud'n nang cao dan trf cho ngudi dan Lam nghd thud'c, dng mud'n tham gia chira bdnh cho dan Do dd, nhan dan trong vung rat quy men va kfnh trgng dng Hg
khdng ggi tdn dng, chi ndi "Cu Tu ldng Quynh"
Cud'i the ky XIX, dau thd' ky XX, phong trao "Cdn
Vuang" trong nudc kdu ggi nhan dan diing ldn chd'ng
Phap da ldn cao Tid'p dd la phong trio Ddng Du 1908), phong trao Ddng Kinh NghTa Thuc (1907-1908) ndi ldn, da anh hudng ddn tu tudng ydu nudc cua Luang Van Thang Ong da hieu dugc ndi thd'ng khd cua nhan dan la do bgn dd' qudc, phong kie'n bde lot, mud'n lam cho dan thoit khd, phii diing ldn danh dudi thuc dan Phip va lat dd bgn phong kid'n
(1904-Nam 1925, Hdi Viet (1904-Nam cich mang thanh nidn
dugc thinh lap, ra b i o 'Thanh nien" va md cic ldp huan
luyen dao tao cic c i n bd dua vd nudc hoat ddng each mang
Trang 19Ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan - mdt thanh nidn ydu nudc qud d Nam Djnh la hdi vidn ciia Hdi Viet Nam cich mang thanh nidn, dugc di hge d Quing Chau (Trung Qud'c) Hge xong ly luan cich mang, ddng chf dugc cir
vd nudc, tid'p tuc hoat ddng d Nam Djnh, sau dd lai dugc tinh uy Nam Djnh cir vd Ninh Binh xay dung co sd cich mang, xay dung chi bd Dang
Vd Ninh Binh vao thing 6 nam 1927, ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan dd'n xa Quynh Luu gap ngudi ban cung qud la Vu Nggc Toan da ttmg day hge d trudng Quynh Luu ttr nam 1925 de bat lidn lac Thdi gian ay, thiy giio Vii Nggc Toin lai trg d nha dng Luong Van Thang Thd' la ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan va Luang Van Thang quen bidi nhau Bidi Luong Van Thang ciing
la mdt dng dd day hge va lam thudc, lai cd ldng ydu nudc, cam ghet bgn thuc dan va be lii tay sai, ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan da tuydn truyen giac ngd Luong Van Thang Ttr dd dng Luong Van Thang da hieu dugc cac trao luu each mang trong nudc va hieu vd Hdi Viet Nam cich mang thanh nidn do Nguydn Ai Qud'c sang lap
Ong Luong Van Thang da tinh nguydn tham gia Hdi Viet Nam cich mang thanh nidn va dd'n thing 9 nam
1927, ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan da thanh lap Chi bd
Trang 20Viet Nam thanh nidn each mang diu tidn d Ninh Binh tai lang Lu Phong, xa Quynh Luu
Theo sich "Lich su Ddng bd huyen Nho Quan",
Chi bd gdm 8 hdi vidn la: Luong Van Thang, Vu Nggc Toin, Pham Van Thanh, Trin Van Pham, Dinh Tat Midn, Luang Van Lugng, Bidu Nhinh, Bidu DTnh, do Luong Van Thang lam Bi thu
Dd'n ngay 24 thing 6 nam 1929, Chi bd Viet Nam thanh nidn each mang Lu Phong da dugc chuyen thanh Chi bd Ddng Duong cdng sin Dang, ddng chf Luang Van Thang vin dugc biu lam Bf thu Chi bd Liic nay Chi
bd chi cd 3 ddng chf: Luong Van Thang, Vii Nggc Toan
va Phan Van Thanh Ba ddng chf du bj la Dinh Tat Midn, Trin Van Pham, Bidu DTnh Dd la Chi bd Dang ra ddi sdm nhai d Ninh Binh va ngudi lam Bf thu Chi bd Ding diu tidn d Ninh Binh la Luang Van Thang
Sau khi cac Chi bd Ddng Duong Cdng sin Dang dugc td chiic Ban Tinh uy lam thdi Ddng Duong cdng san Ding Ninh Binh dugc thanh lap tai Nho Quan
Nhan ky nidm lin thii 12 Cich mang thing Mudi Nga va tuydn truyen inh hudng cua Dang trong quin chiing, ddm ngiy mdng 6 rang ngiy mdng 7 thing 11
Trang 21nam 1929, ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan, Dang Van Ttr (Trudng Ydn) va ddng chf Luong Van Tuy - ngudi con
uu tii cua qud huong Quynh Luu da cim cd Ding trdn dinh mii Non Nudc (thj xa Ninh Binh) lam cho djch hoang mang, bdi rdi, ddi phd liing tiing Ca budi sang ngay
hdm dd cd dd biia lidm mang ddng chir : "Nga Xd vgn tui" phap phdi tung bay viy ggi nhan dan ta diing ldn
theo con dudng cua each mang thing Mudi Nga Cung ddm a'y, truyen don cua Dang dugc rai d chg VTnh Khuang,
xa Quang Lac, thj tran Nho Quan
Phit hidn truyen don, cung vdi su kidn cd biia lidm tung bay trdn dinh nui Non Nudc, thuc dan Phip cho bgn tay sai theo ddi, dua bgn mat thim vd biia vay day dac cic thdn, xa d Nho Quan, hdng khiing bd, dap tat phong trao Ngay 18 thing 11 nam 1929, chiing cho Ifnh vay bit cac ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan, Luong Van Tuy, cung mdt so Ding vidn va quin chiing cich mang khac Ddng chi Luang Van Thang cung bj bit va bgn Phap dua ddng chf dd'n gap anh Tuy, hdng trdng chd d mdt su yd'u mdm trong tinh cam cha con Nhung anh Tuy
ndi vdi cha 'TU ngdy cdn nhd, con bao gid cUng nhd vd ldm theo ldi dgy cua Thdy, Thdy thuang con thi ldm sao
de dUng dau yeu "
Trang 22Ngay 24 thing 1 nam 1930, ke djch dua nhirng ngudi bj bit ra toa xir tai Ninh Binh
Ngay 28 thing 4 nam 1930, djch phii xir lai tai toi
thugng thim Hi Ndi, Oiydn bd Tdn" day cic anh di biet xii
Ngay 18 thing 6 nam 1930, djch diy cic anh di Cdn Dao Y chf dau tranh kidn cudng, bai khuat cua cic chien sT cich mang da khfch Id tinh thin dau tranh cua toan Ding, toan dan trong huydn Vi vay, phong trio cich mang d huydn Nho Quan vin giir viing va phit trien Ddng chf Luong Van Thang tuy bj djch quan thiic nhung vin kidn tri, binh tinh nim tinh hinh chi dao phong trio each mang nhu: ddi khat thue, giim thud' cho ndng dan Cudc da'u tranh xay ra vao thing 6 nam 1931 lam chan dgng bd may thd'ng trj ciia Phap d Ddng Duong Diu nam 1932, bgn thuc dan Phip phii cich chiic hiu nhu tai
ci Chinh tdng, Ly trudng d tdng Quynh Luu de biu ngudi khac vi da khdng dan ap dugc cudc dau tranh kliat thud' ciia nhan dan
Thing lgi ciia nhan dan trong phong trio khat thud' thdi ky dd cd vai trd va cdng lao ciia ddng chi Luang Van Thang
Ngay 18 thing 10 nam 1940, do mdi cao siic yd'u, ddng chf Luong Van Thang da qua ddi, thg 75 tudi Dim tang ddng chf dugc co sd Ding Quynh Luu td chire
Trang 23chu dio, trang trgng, de khfch Id tinh thin ydu nude cua quin chiing
Luong Van Thang chfnh la ngudi chid'n sT Cdng san diu tidn d Ninh Binh, ngudi Bi thu Chi bd Ding diu tidn d Ninh Binh
Khdng nhiing the, Luong Van Thang cdn la mdt nha tho Tho cua dng da la vu khf tuydn truydn tu tudng ydu nudc va cd vii phong trio cich mang Dd la nhirng vin tha to cao thud dan Phap:
"Cdm hdn odn gidn thdng Tdy
Vi mdy nen nudc non ndy lenh denh
Vi mdy chia cdt bao tinh Nudc non chdng vg, phu huynh chia Ua
Vi mdy tan cua ndt nhd
Vi mdy con tre, cha gid xa nhau"
(Thuang con) Khdng nhihig chi td cio thuc dan Phap, dng cdn
di kfch nhirng tdn Vua ban nude nhu Khai Djnh:
"Rugu tiin gdi dep danh cao Bgc cd mUng hg rugu ddo ninh xudn
Trang 24Mdt het dgo due nhdn ludn Cui ddu ndo biet qudc ddn Id gi
(Bai tho lidn hanh than Vua ching ra gi) Cdn bgn quan lai phong kid'n, dng ciing da kich khdng thuang tide:
"Ddng khinh lU mat dgn mdy ddy
Chi biit chui ludn dudi dit Tdy
Ng nudc thu nhd quen hit sgch
Quan md nhu the thuc quan cdy"
(Dang khinh) Tho dng cdn kdu ggi nhan dan diing ldn tranh dau cihi nudc, ciiu nha:
"Dimg day ngay di gidnh ldy nudc
Cdu cha cidi me cuu ddng bdo"
Khdng chi lam tho the hidn ldng ydu nudc, tuydn truyen each mang, Luong Van Thang cdn ve mdt so tranh treo trong nha minh, d dudi dd nhirng cau tho the hidn long ydu nudc thim kfn cua minh
Luong Van Thang chfnh la mdt nha giio, mdt thiy thud'c, mdt ngudi lam tha, ve tranh, cd long ydu nude thuang dan sau sic, da di theo Ding va trd thanh Dang
Trang 25vidn Cdng sin diu tidn d tinh Ninh Binh, tham gia lanh dao phong trio each mang d tinh Ninh Binh, vdi cuong
vj la Bf thu Chi bd Ding diu tidn d Ninh Binh Ong cung
li ngudi diu tidn cd cdng van ddng quin chiing de xay dung khu can cir Cach mang Quynh Luu Chfnh vi vay, Tinh uy Ninh Binh da chi dao xay dung khu lang md Luong Van Thang, trdn bia ghi:
'Thdng 9 ndm 1927, thdnh lap Chi bd Viet Nam thanh nien Cdch mgng ddng chi hgi ddu tien a Ninh Binh, tgi Lu Phong (Nho Quan) ddng chi Luang Vdn Thdng dugc bdu ldm Bi Thu"
Dang bd va nhan dan Nho Quan ndi ridng va nhan dan Ninh Binh ndi chung rat vinh du va tu hao cd ngudi con ydu quy cua qud huong la Luong Van Thang
Trang 267 - LUONG VAN TUY, NGUClI THANH NIEN
C O N G S A N KIEN C U O N G
(XA QUYNH LUU)
Anh Luong Van Tuy sinh nam 1914, tai lang Lu Phong, xa Quynh Luu, huydn Nho Quan, tinh Ninh Binh Than sinh ra anh la cu Luang Van Thang, mdt dang vidn cdng sin diu tidn cua tinh
Luong Van Tuy dugc gia dinh cho hge qud'c ngii Anh hge tap cham chi, thdng minh Khi nghe giing trdn ldp, khi tu hge d nha, anh tu dat nhirng cau hdi rdi tu minh tim tdi, giii dip Didu gi chua hieu, khdng tu giai dap dugc, anh ghi lai dd hdi ban be, hdi thiy giao cho ky hieu Anh cd tap vidi chii cho dep, diing miu, giir gin sach vd sach se Nhirng bai hge, bai lam, anh thudng dugc didm cao Thiy giao ludn ludn khen nggi Tuy hge kha, nhung anh vin cd ging dting hdi thdi gian vao vide hge tap Cham chi hge hanh, khidm ton Id do vdi mgi ngudi, tdn trgng, giiip dd ban be va li ta'm guong tdt cho ban noi theo
Trang 27Trdn 10 tudi, anh thi dd bing tidu hge Cha anh la ngudi ydu nudc va hoat ddng cich mang, da inh hudng sau sic dd'n ldng ydu nudc, chf cam thu giac ciia anh Nam 15 tudi, dugc ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan, mdt cin
bd cua Ding, hoat ddng d Ninh Binh true tid'p diu dit, anh da budc vao hoat ddng each mang Nam 1929, anh
dugc kdi nap vao "Xich td", mdt td chiic thanh nidn cdng
sin d Ninh Binh Qua thir thich, thay anh la mdt thieu nidn rat ydu nude, cd y chi each mang, hang hai, thdng minh, hoat bit, vidi chii dep, ve gidi, cac ddng chi giao cho anh lam lidn lac, in truydn don va cac tai lieu bf mat Dugc giao nhidm vu, anh rat phin khdi Nhan dugc miu truydn don, bai bao anh hi hue nau thach, vidi chu, ve hinh ddn qudn an, qudn ngu Du khd khan nguy hiem, anh vin cd ging lam trdn mgi nhidm vu
Nam 1929, Ding bd tinh quydi djnh cim cd biia lidm trdn mii Thuy de tuydn truydn anh hudng ciia Ding, khich ddng tinh thin dau tranh cua quin chiing va ky nidm cich mang thing Mudi Nga Ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan va anh Tuy dugc giao nhidm vu ljch su nay
Thj xa Ninh Binh li noi tap trung bd miy thd'ng trj cua djch, mii Thuy nim ngay trong ldng thj xa, bdn sdng Diy, la mdt thing cinh ndi tid'ng Hdi ay, phong trio
Trang 28each mang trong tinh dang ldn manh Hang ngiy, bgn
djch canh gic, tuin tra nghidm ngat
Sau khi dd so hge yd'u lugc, anh Tuy dugc hge d
trudng tinh Vi thdng thudc dudng di ldi lai trdn ntii Thuy
va cic phd xi trong thj xa, ddm mdng 6 rang ngay mdng
7 thing 11 nam 1929, cic anh gia lam ngudi di cau ca,
vai vac cin cau, tay sich gid dung li cd, truyen don, ap
phfch, luu dan gii Ddm cang khuya, cang gia lanh Nhan
dan thj xa da ngu ngon giac Bgn djch ciing trd nai canh
gic, tuin phdng Trdn vgng gic mii Thuy, sau khi cd bac
sat phat lin nhau, bgn Ifnh met mdi, lan quay ra ngii Gid
Ddng Bic thdi vti vu Trdi mua phtin, tdi den nhu muc
Dd'n chan mii, cic ddng chi soil lai nhirng thii mang
theo Tdi dinh cao nhit, ddng chi Hoan theo ddi su ddng
tinh ciia djch, cdn anh Tuy binh tinh ludn cd, budc luu
dan gia vao cin cin than rdi cim chat vao hoc di Cd vin
chic Ydn tam, cac ddng chi lai lin xud'ng mii Liic ay, ca
thj xa im lim, khdng mdt tid'ng ddng Cac ddng chf lai
tid'p tuc giii truydn don, dan ap phfch d nha ga, chg Rdng,
trudng hge Hoan thanh nhidm vu, trdn dudng trd ve,
khdng ai bio ai, mdi ngudi deu thay sung sudng NghT
dd'n budi sdm mai, giiia sio huyet ciia djch, li cd dd biia
liem tuai thim, hidn ngang phit phdi tung bay, ldng mdi
ngudi deu rao rue mdt niem vui khdn xidi
Trang 29Sang ngay mdng 7 thing 11 nam 1929, gid nhe, mat trdi t o i ning i m xud'ng khdng gian Trdn dinh cao nhai ciia mii Thuy, l i cd biia liem dd thim tung bay theo gid nhu viy ggi nhan dan Ninh Binh theo i n h sing cich mang, theo tid'ng ggi cua Ddng Duong Cdng sin Ding, vung ldn lat dd i p biic bde lot cua che do thuc dan, phong kid'n de gianh lai ddc lap, tu do Nhin la cd biia liem phap phdi tung bay trdn dinh niii Thuy, ngudi dan Ninh Binh
tu hao, sung sudng, tin tudng, ke thti thi tiic td'i, lo au
De khud'ch truong thing lgi vide c i m cd Dang trdn mii Thuy, anh Tuy lai dugc phan cdng tid'p tuc in bao
"Ddn cdy" Trdn trang diu td bao, anh ve canh mii Thuy
phoi minh trong inh ning ban mai Trdn dinh niii, la cd
dd biia liem dang ngao nghd tung bay O trang khic, anh
ve mdt tdn trum thuc dan Phip, mui Id, bung phd, beo y canh ngudi ndng dan gay gd, rich rudi, de vach tdi ic bgn thuc dan, khoi cam thti va kdu ggi ndng dan diing len da'u tranh
Sau su kidn c i m cd Ding, bgn djch long ldn, kham xet, bit bd d nhidu noi Va ngay 18 thing 11 nam 1929
chiing ap dd'n vay bit anh Hoan, anh Tuy tai nha ba D6
Dinh (thdn Phiic Am), dua vd n h i lao Ninh Binh giam giir mdi ngudi mdt nai
Trang 30Ldng ydu nudc thidi tha, y chf bat khuat, kidn cudng, dao dire each mang tdi dep ciia cic ddng chf da lam cho nhieu ngudi d nha lao trong dd cd ci nhirng ngudi lam vide cho djch, rat cim phuc, kfnh trgng Dugc ngudi quin nguc giiip dd, trong mdt ddm, anh Tuy vi ddng chf Hoan dugc gap nhau Anh Tuy rat mtmg, ndi:
- Em da nhan tat ci vide cam cd, rai truyen don
Em nghi, anh la cin bd cua Dang, em phai bao vd anh Anh ra tti sdm ngay nao se cd lgi nhieu cho cich mang ngay ay Bgn mat thim hdi, em chi ndi, anh la phdng vidn nha bio, khdng cd luong bdng nhat djnh, ndn thiy
em mdi anh ve nha di day em hge them, anh khdng bidi
gi vd nhirng hoat ddng ciia em Bgn mat thim cii cho em
la ndi ddi, khdng tin
Tha'y anh Tuy it tudi lai thdng minh, diing cam, bidi hy sinh de bio vd cich mang, ddng chf Hoan rat cim ddng va cang thuang men anh Ddng chf ndi:
- Chiing ta da bj bit rdi! Da cd chi lam each mang, chiing ta ciing cd gan chju dung mgi su dau ddn nhat, khdng bao gid diu hang ke thti, dti phii chdt, chiing ta vin la ngudi chid'n thang
Tuy ydn lang ling nghe, rdi ndi:
- Em hieu tat ca nhiing ldi anh ndi Cd le, anh sg
em cdn nhd, khdng cd gan chju dau ddn Em se lam diing nhu ldi anh Anh cii tin em!
Trang 316 nha lao Ninh Binh, bgn djch de doa, dinh dap,
du dd, nhmig chiing vin khdng moi dugc gi d anh Tuy Chiing xoay ra danh ddn tinh cim, bit cha anh vd nha lao Ninh Binh de giam cim, tra khao Bidi rd am muu tham ddc ciia djch, ddng chf Luong Van Thang vin binh tinh tim mgi each nhic nhu con giii viing y chi each mang Cang thuang cha bao nhidu, anh Tuy cang uat lie cam thu bgn giac va cang kidn cudng, diing cam bay nhidu
Ngay 24 thing 1 nam 1930, djch md phidn toa xir
"vii dn cdng sdn ddu tien" d Ninh Binh, trong dd cd cac
ddng chf Nguydn Van Hoan, Ta Uydn, Luang Van Tuy
va mdt sd quin chiing yeu nudc khic Trudc toa in ciia
ke thu, cac ddng chf vin hidn ngang bat khuat Khi "xir" dd'n anh Tuy, djch gid gigng nhan nghia:
- Cau Tuy! Cau cdn nhd dai, chua bidi suy nghT phii trii, trudc sau, trdt nghe ngudi xiii giuc Cau dtmg
sg, ndi hdi di, toa se md lugng an xa!
Anh Tuy rat cam tiic, dung phit day, tra ldi:
- Tdi khdng sg gi ca! Cdn nhd tudi that, nhung tdi
da bidi suy nghi NghT nhieu rdi! Mat nude thi ai ciing phii danh dudi ke cudp nudc Ngudi Viet Nam nhat djnh khdng chju lam diy td cho Tay Vide tdi lam khdng do ai xui giuc!
Trang 32Bgn djch rat tiic tdi Theo luat Id cua "Nhd nudc
hdo ho", djch khdng thd kdi tdi nhiing ngudi chua dd'n
tudi vj thanh nien Bidi anh Tuy la "phdn tu rd't nguy
hiem" ndn chiing da tring trgn tang tudi anh, de kdi an
Anh Tuy bj kdi i n 15 nam tu khd sai
Tham ddc hon, djch lai de anh Tuy dugc gap cha lin cudi cting, hdng kidm chic d anh sir mem yd'u ve tinh cam va nhut y chf each mang, nhung chiing da thai bai hoan toan Trong giay phiit cudi cting phii ttr biet cha, anh Tuy ldng dau nhu cit Tinh ydu nude cdn ldn hon long thuang cha, anh cd nen thuang dau, khdng de mdt gigt nudc mit roi trudc mat ke thti Anh ndi vdi cha:
- Con di! Thiy d lai! Thiy tin d con Con quydi lam diing nhirng ldi thiy dan
Ngay 28 thing 4 nam 1930, djch dua cac ddng chf ra xir d toa thugng thim Ha Ndi Tai day, trudc mat bgn quan toa, dai didn cho c i chd' do thuc dan phong kid'n, cac ddng chf da hidn ngang tuydn bd:
- Hdm nay, d day, cac anh la ngudi xir chiing tdi Ngay mai, cung tai noi nay, khdng phai la c i c anh, ma chfnh chiing tdi se la ngudi xir cac anh
Trudc tinh thin bat khuat va nhiing ldi ndi danh thep ciia cic ddng chf, bgn djch hoing sg, vdi ving tuydn
bd "v dn" Rdi djch dua cic ddng chf di Cdn D i o
Trang 33Khi chuyen tiu d cira bien 6 Cap (Sai Gdn), cic ddng chi da tung cd dd biia lidm, hd khiu hidu:
"Ddng Cong sdn Ddng Duang mudn ndm!"
"Cdch mgng thdnh cdng mudn ndm!"
Hang tram anh em thuy thu, cdng nhan, nhan dan
da hd theo Djch bdi rdi, hoing sg, dung gay gdc, dui cui danh cic ddng chf tiii bui rdi vdi va day vao him tiu, sap cira lai Tau vdi va nic cdi, nhd neo, rdi dat lidn
Trdi bien mdnh mdng, mdt mau xanh ngit Cd do biia lidm cung nhirng tid'ng hd vang ddng trong giay phiit vtra qua li nhiing hinh inh mai mai khic sau trong tam khim nhirng ngudi cd mat luc nay Chide tiu dua cac ddng chi ra Cdn Dao cii xa dan, xa dan dai lien cua Td qud'c
Ra Cdn Dao, dugc Ding diu dit, anh Tuy lai hang hii hoat ddng Nam 1932, theo chu ttruong ciia Dio uy, anh cting mdt sd anh em khac vugt bien ve dat lidn Gap gid to, sdng ldn, anh Tuy va nhirng anh em cimg di da hy sinh
Nam a'y, anh vtra trdn 18 tudi
(Bai trong cud'n "Vi nudc hy sinh" - Ban nghidn ciiu
ljch sir Ding tinh Ninh Binh - xuit bin nam 1975)
Trang 34NGHE VA LANG NGHE
1 - NGHE TRONG LUA NUOC
Ngudi dan Nho Quan cung nhu nhan dan cic noi khic trdng liia nudc la nghd chinh trong hoat ddng kinh te
Diu tidn phai lam dit de gieo ma Trudc khi gieo
ma mdt thing ngudi ta phai lam dai Dat dugc ciy lat, sau
dd thio nudc vao ngam trong vai ngay, rdi btra cho nhao dai, dd phan chudng xud'ng, lai btra ky de dio phan, tiep
dd gat cho phang mat rudng
Mud'n gieo ma, phii ngam ma trudc Thdc ngam
ma la thdc tdt (thdc gidng) Thdc dugc cho vao nhiing cii sgt Idt la chudi xung quanh va dem ngam nudc ba ngay
ba ddm (vdi ma chidm) hai ngay hai ddm (vdi ma mua) Ngam nudc xong, thdc dugc vdt ra, rira sach rdi cho vao nhung chid'c sgt lot li, day kin 3 ngay ddm, hat liia se mge rd, nay mim Liic dd mdi dem gieo vao rudng ma
Trang 35Hidn nay, cd mdt so gidng liia mdi ngudi ra khdng gieo ma d rudng ma gieo ma tren san
Trong thdi gian chd ma ldn xanh, ngudi ta lim dat
de cay liia Trudc dd khi rudng da gat liia xong, ngudi ta cay btra ludn rdi phoi cho dat i i Sau dd thio nudc vao rudng de ngam, tid'p dd lai btra nira Khi ma dugc cay ngudi ta nhd ldn dem dd'n rudng de cay Liia ldn xanh, ngudi ta tid'n hanh lam cd, giir nude cho du, ddng thdi bdn thdm cic loai phan cho liia tdt
Khi Ilia chin ngudi ta tid'n hanh di gat liia
Ngudi Mudng trudc day gat liia cd k h i c ngudi Kinh mdt chiit, liia dugc c i t va bd thanh ttmg bd nhd, sau dd tiim phin bdng vdi phan gd'c, huge lai rdi phoi ngay trdn rudng
Ngay nay, ngudi Mudng va ngudi Kinh d Nho Quan trdng cay liia nudc nhu nhau
Trang 362 - NGHE TRONG M A U
Nho Quan la huydn mien mii, chu yd'u la vung dat ban son dja, ndn nghd trdng miu dugc phit trien O cac vung ddi thap ngudi ta trdng cac loai cay nhu ngd, sin, mia, lac, khoai mdn, khoai sg Ngoai ra ngudi ta cdn trdng xen canh mdt vai loai gid'ng cay trdng khac nhu
dd, vimg d nhirng nuong trdng sin, trdng ngd Rdi lai
cd nhirng nuong biu, bf, du du, dt
{I
r :
Trang 373 - NGHE DET v A l CUA N G U 6 l M U C J N G
Trudc day, nghd ddt vai cua ngudi Mudng la nghe quan trgng nhat vi nd phuc vu true tid'p cho trang phuc cua hg
San phim ddt vai cua ngudi Mudng la miu tring, miu cham, miu den, miu xanh li ma va miu vang Cac miu sic nay lay li cay de nhudm La cay lay ttr cay tu trdng hoac lay ttT trong rtmg Dd la li cay cham de tao mau cham, cay phang de tao miu dd, cay vang de tao miu vang, cii nau ngam vai nhudm bun dat tao ra miu den Nguydn lieu de nhudm vii la nudc tro lgc lay nudc trong, dem ngam vdi cac loai li trdn Li cham bd vao nudc tro ngam khoang 5 ngay, la se nhuydn, vit lay nudc, rdi cho vii ngam vao dd, vai se cd mau cham Mud'n co miu den thi dem vai cham dun vdi cu nau bam nhd, hoac dem vii da nhudm dd ngam dudi bun nhidu ngay Mud'n
cd vai miu dd thi lay cay phang chat nhd dun ky vdi sgi Mud'n cho cic miu dd phai ngudi ta cho thdm cinh kid'n vao khi nhudm
Trang 38Ngudi Mudng ddt vii bang khung ciri, cd cic thoi van chuydn Ddt hoa van la khd nhat, hg phii dting ttr 7 dd'n 10 go rdi ludn ttmg sgi ciia go hoa qua lan sgi trdn khung ciri de tao ra nhirng tam thd cam Dd li nhirng biic tranh sdng ddng phan inh ddi sd'ng sinh hoat ciia ngudi Mudng
Nghd ddt vii cua ngudi Mudng, chii yd'u ddt cic loai vii tring, cham de may quin ao, viy, gdi, chan, cap viy
Vii gdi la vii miu hoac thd cam dung de bgc gdi Vii chan thudng ddt thd cam Cap viy la mang hoa van duy nhai trdn bd trang phuc cua phu nir Mudng ndn dugc ddt mdt each ty my cd nhieu mau sic, dugc giii gin lau dai
Trang 394 - NGHE DAN L A T TRE, N U A CUA NGUClI
MUdNG T H d l XUA
Nghd dan lit tre niia la nghe phd bidn ciia ngudi Mudng Nho Quan trudc day Nghe nay cung cap cho cac gia dinh hiu nhu toan bd dd dung bdp mic, van chuyen Ngoai ra trong dim cudi Id hdi va ddi sd'ng tam linh, cac sin pham nhu chide trd d dung quin io cd dau, chide mam he dung de bay cic mdn an te Id td tidn cung lam bang tre, mia
Trong cac loai cay, ridng cay tre dugc ngudi Mudng trdng nhieu d quanh nha O Nho Quan lai cd nhidu tre, mia trong rtmg
Thdng thudng, tir sau thing 9 am ljch trd di, mua mua da hdi, ngudi ta chgn ngay cud'i tuin trang de vao rtmg chat tre, mia Theo kinh nghidm, thdi gian nay chat tre, mia dung dan lit se khdng bj mdi mgt Ngudi ta chi chat nhiing cay tre cd do tudi ft nhat ttr 1 dd'n 3 nam, cd ddng dai va deu
Trang 40Chat tre, mia ve, ngudi ta dung dao sic de che nan Khi che nan phai deu va mdng, chi lay dd'n lugt thir hai, cdn phin bung tre bd di
Tuy theo ttmg loai sin pham dan lit ma che nan to, nhd, diy, mdng, ngin, hay dai
Ndu che nan de dan cdt, dan nong, dan nia thi che
to khoing ttr 1 dd'n 1,5 cm, hoi day va ciing Nan dan nhiing dd dting nhd nhu rd, r i thi dugc che nhd
Che nan xong, ngudi ta vdt cho that bdng, nhan, cao hdi ldp vd xanh, dem nhung qua nudc rdi cd the dan ngay Ngudi ta cd the chat nan trdn gic bdp de khi cin lay xudng dan din
De phu hgp vdi ttmg loai sin phim ngudi ta chgn ttmg loai tre de che nan Loai tre ciing dung de dan lid'p che vich nha, dan nong, dan nia de phoi thdc, ngd Loai tre cd do deo mdm dting de dan cic loai dd gia dung nhu: rd, ra, met, gian, sang, bung, trd d, mam may, ra dung cam
Ridng sgt dugc dan bing nira, cd loai dan theo kieu mat cio dung de ganh sin, ngd, khoai cd loai dan theo kieu dan ra dung de ganh thdc, ginh gao, ganh phan