MODULE TOURIST DESTINATION 1 hà nội CAPITAL

Ngăm Nam Định; Kỳ Lân,Non Nước Ninh Bình;Ngọc, Hàm Long, Cấm HàNam, Sáng Sơn Range, TamĐảo, Sáng Vĩnh Phúc; LạnKha, Dạm, Thiên Thai BắcNinh; An Phụ, PhượngHoàng – Kỳ Lân Range, CônSơn Hả

HO CHI MINHCITY UNIVERSITY

OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

-FACULTY OF TOURISM – HOSPITALITY

MODULE: TOURIST DESTINATION 1

HÀ NỘI CAPITAL

LECTURER: MÃ XUÂN VINH

GROUP: 1 CLASS: DL1901

SEMESTER I SCHOOL YEAR 2021-2022

Hồ Chí Minh City, 12 th September

2021

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY

OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF TOURISM HOSPITALITY

MODULE: TOURIST DESTINATION 1

HÀ NỘI CAPITAL

MEMBERS:

1. Nguyễn Văn Hải Hoàng – 19DH130280

2. Dương Minh Huệ - 19DH130044

3. Phạm Nhật Huy – 19DH130449

4. Nguyễn Quang Mai Huyền – 19DH130489

5. Trần Quốc Hưng - 19DH13 0022

SEMESTER ISCHOOL YEAR 2021-2022

Hồ Chí Minh City,12 th September 2021Table of contents

3.8 Imperial Citadel of Thăng Long (Hoàng thành Thăng Long) 27

3.8.2 The 18 Hoàng Diệu Archaeological Site (Khu khảo cổ 18 Hoàng Diệu) 29

5.1 The culinary culture of Hà Nội 43

RED RIVER DELTA

Area: 14,860 km2Population: 22,5 million people (2019)

HÀ NỘI

Area: 3,359 km2Population: 8,418 million people (2021)

1 Overview

1.1 Geography

1.1.1 Red River Delta

The Red River Delta region includes 10 provinces and centrally-run cities Hà Nội, Hải Phòng,Hải Dương, Bắc Ninh, Vĩnh Phúc, Hưng Yên, Thái Bình, Nam Định, Hà Nam, Ninh Bình The RedRiver Delta is the gateway in the East Sea to the world The Red River Delta stretches fromlatitude 21°34´N (Lập Thành district) to the alluvial area about 19°5´N (Kim Sơn district), from105°17´E (Ba Vì district) to 107°7´E (on Cát Bà island) The whole region has an area of over

14860 km², accounting for about 4.5% of the total area of the country

The north and northeast are the northeast (Việt Nam), the west and the southwest are thenorthwest, the east is the Gulf of Tonkin and the south is the North Central region The plaingradually lowers from the northwest to the southeast, from the ancient alluvial terraces 10 -15m down to the alluvial flats 2 - 4m in the center and the tidal flats daily are still flooded withtidal water

The relatively flat terrain with a dense system of rivers has created favorable conditionsfor the development of the land transport system and infrastructure of the region

1 Areas bordering the Red River Delta

content/uploads/2020/07/ban-do-dong-bang-song-hong.jpg? fit=1600%2C1200&ssl=1?v=1594618027

Provinces and centrally-run cities in Red River Delta

Province Vehicle registration plate number

Hanoi capital has four poles:

- The North Pole is Bắc Sơn commune, Sóc Sơn district

- The Western Pole is Thuận Mỹ commune, Ba Vì district

- The South Pole is Hương Sơn commune, Mỹ Đức district

- The East Pole is Lê Chi commune, Gia Lâm district

Provinces bordering Hanoi

https://images.app.goo.gl/pwisv7g7W2JtQprU8

1.2 Topography

● Red River Delta:

As the name of the region is, the Red River has been associated for thousands ofgenerations with the inhabitants of this delta The topography of the region is relatively flat,with an altitude of 0.4 - 12m above sea level In addition, the topography also has a number ofhilly areas with limestone karsts along the southwest and northeastern flanks

Rivers Red River, Đuống River, Tô

Lịch River, Đáy River, NhuệRiver, Tích River

Red River, Mã River, ĐáyRiver, Đuống River, CuốngRiver, Cầu River, Cà Lố River,Kinh Thầy River, Nhuệ River,

Lô River, Ngòi Thia River, KìCùng River, Bứa River, ĐàRiver, Phó Đáy River, LuộcRiver, Trà Lý River,…

Mountains Ba Vì, Trầm, Hàm Lợn, Sái,

Tiên Lữ, Sài Sơn, Sóc, ThanhTước, Câu Lậu, Nương Ngái -Hương Sơn, Khán, Nùng,Sưa, Mã, Tử Trầm

Thái Bình and Hưng Yên aretwo provinces with flattopography, without hillsand mountains

Ngăm (Nam Định); Kỳ Lân,Non Nước (Ninh Bình);Ngọc, Hàm Long, Cấm (HàNam), Sáng Sơn Range, TamĐảo, Sáng (Vĩnh Phúc); LạnKha, Dạm, Thiên Thai (BắcNinh); An Phụ, PhượngHoàng – Kỳ Lân Range, CônSơn (Hải Dương); Voi – XuânSơn (Hải Phòng)

Coastline Hanoi has no coastline,

however, the main riverflowing into the sea with BaLat estuary is the Red River

180km long start at Đình Vũ(Hải Phòng) and end at CồnThoi (Ninh Bình)

Famous beaches: Cát Bà, ĐồSơn (Hải Phòng), Quất Lâm,Hải Thịnh (Nam Định)

Others (Lake, Park, Cave,

Waterfall, Beach )

Hoàn Kiếm Lake, Tây Lake,Thủ Lệ Park, Thống NhấtPark, Hòa Bình Park, TâyPhương Pagoda,…

Phù Lãng pottery village,Đông Hồ picturesque village(Bắc Ninh)

National Parks: Cúc Phương

(Ninh Bình), Ba Vì (Hà Nội),Tam Đảo (Vĩnh Phúc), Cát Bà(Hải Phòng)

Hot mineral springs: Kênh

Gà (Ninh Bình), Tiên Lãng(Hải Phòng)

Caves: Hương Sơn (Hà Nội),Vân Trình, Tam Cốc - BíchĐộng (Ninh Bình),…

Historical and cultural relics:Một Cột Pagoda, TâyPhương Pagoda (Hà Nội),Bút Tháp Pagoda, ĐôTemple (Bắc Ninh), KeoPagoda (Thái Bình), Cổ LễPagoda (Nam Định), BáiĐính Pagoda, Hoa Lưancient capital (Ninh Bình)…

● Hà Nội:

At present, Hà Nội has mountains, hills and terrain is gradually lower from North toSouth, from West to East, in which delta accounts for a quarter of the natural area of the city.The average altitude of Hà Nội is from 5 to 20 meter above sea level, high hills and mountainsare concentrated in the North and West The highest peaks are Ba Vì 1,281 meters; Gia Dê 707meters; Chân Chim 462 meters; Thanh Lanh is 427 meters and Thiên Trù is 378 meters Theinner city has a number of low hills, such as Đống Đa mound and Nùng mountain

Area of land used for distribution (332889,0 ha)

- Land for agriculture, forestry and fisheries: 188601,1 ha

- Non-agricultural land: 134947.4 ha

- Unused land: 9,340.5 ha

1.3 Climate

1.3.1 Red River Delta

Characteristics of climate in Red River Delta are diversified according to terrains and seasons.Winter in this region lasts from October to April It is also the dry season In spring, it is drizzlingand cold Meanwhile, summer and autumn in this region is portrayed by high temperature andhumidity Climatic conditions of the region facilitate the development of agriculture

The weather in Red River Delta is different from that in other plain regions This is the onlyregion in Vietnam has a real winter with three months having the average temperature below18°C Thus, there is a form of humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons Moreover,climate in this region is erratic with cold and wet northeast monsoon, resulting hot and humidmonsoon in summer It is very cold in high mountains in winter, but cool in summer Coastalareas are described by mild climate with abundant humidity which is adapted to thedevelopment of tropical flora and fauna Moreover, these places will be ideal attractions fortraveling all four seasons The hottest period in summer runs from May to September, whichfacilitates development of marine tourism in Ha Long Bay, Cat Ba Island and Do Son Beach

1.4 Transportation

The system of highways has the North-South expressway; Highway Hà Nội – Hải Phòng,expressway Hà Nội – Lào Cai and is building the expressway Ninh Bình – Hải Phòng – QuảngNinh

The system of national highways with National Highway 1A through Vietnam, intercity road

Hà Nội – Hưng Yên, also known as road 39B, highway 5A linking Hà Nội to Hải Phòng through

the provinces, Hà Nội, Hưng Yên, Hải Dương, Hải Phòng, New expressway 5B Hà Nội – Hải Phònggoing through the provinces, Hà Nội, Hưng Yên, Hải Dương, Hải Phòng; Highway 10 linking NinhBình to Hải Phòng, Highway 18 linking Hà Nội – Bắc Ninh – Hải Dương; Highway 39 from NộiHưng Yên street to Diêm Điền port; Highway 21 linking Hà Nam to Thịnh Long, Highway 21Blinking Hà Nội – Hà Nam – Nam Định – Ninh Bình, Highway 38 linking Bắc Ninh to Hà Nam goingthrough Hưng Yên; Highway 38B connects Hải Dương to Ninh Bình, Highway 45 connecting NinhBình – Thanh Hóa, other highways such as National Highway 2, National Highway 3, NationalHighway 6, National Highway 32, Highway 35, National Highway 37, National Highway 37B,National Highway 37C, National Highway 17 … North – South railway line and discharge to othercities; Nội Bài international airport, Cat Bi airport.

1.5 Religion and beliefs

Under the dark ages of foreign invader’s ruled, the people of Việt Nam lived in pain andagony When our country regain independence, a certain uncertainty still exist until today,pushing the necessity to be saved by some supernatural force, called gods

During the Ngô, Đinh, Lê, Lý, Buddhism and Taoism are heavily worshipped Both religionstaught people about love and compassion, to help each other in life

The citizen of Thăng Long worshipped many gods who protected the people’s land Thereare also ceremonies for heroes at pagodas, shrines and temples, attracting many visitors everyyear to come to these grands and majestic worshipping grounds

People all over the Northern part gather to Tây Hồ Temple to pray for wealth and fortune,luck in their business, pray for everything to be smooth In front of the shrine of Guan Yu (QuanCông), people made solemn vow, and wished to be testified by Guan Yu In ancient time, manyconfucianists and candidates before having tests, come to Văn Xương and pray to WenchangWang (Văn Xương Đế Quân), the god of Culture and Literature

Hà Nội now has 7 religious State recognizes the legal status personnel : Buddhist teachings ,Catholic , Protestant, Cao Dai, Islamic teachings , Baha'i and Master religion; simultaneously, exists in some current object religious others

Buddhism: the number of followers is about 800,000 Religious activities at 2,059 temples

and monasteries

Catholic: has about 250,000 adherents Working in 400 places of worship, 83 parishes, 306

parishes Hanoi has 19 religious communities with over 270 monks, religious activities in 20 monasteries

Protestant: there are 33 denominations and more than 10,000 adherents.

CaoDai religion : nearly 400 adherents.

Islam: has about 800 followers.

Baha'i: there are 15 local Spiritual Assemblies, with more than 400 adherents.

Master Dao: 50 adherents.

2 History

2.1 Overview of Hà Nội

Nearly 1000 years ago, in "Chiếu Dời Đô" from Hoa Lư - Ninh Bình to Thăng Long,which is nowknown as Hà Nội (Trong Song), Lý Thái Tổ has affirmed the position of "Center of heaven andearth tall but bright, the people are not miserable about flooding in darkness, all good thingsare prosperous ” The prophecy that has passed through 1,000 years is still effective And bythe 21st century, Hà Nội has become the political, cultural and economic center of the country.After taking the throne in 1009 at Hoa Lư, in 1010, Lý Thái Tổ decided to move the capital toĐại La According to a popular legend, when Lý Thái Tổ came to Đại La, Lý Thái Tổ saw a dragonfly, so the new capital was named Thăng Long Thăng Long Citadel was then limited by threerivers: the Red River in the east, the To River in the north and the Kim Ngưu river in the south.The royal citadel was built near West Lake with the royal palace and political works The rest ofthe metropolis is residential areas, comprising wards of both agriculture, industry andcommerce Even in the tenth century, many religious works were quickly built, Diên Hựupagoda west of the citadel was built in 1049, Bảo Thiên pagoda was built in 1057, Văn Miếu wasbuilt in 1070, Quốc Tử Giám was built in 1076 Only after a century, Thăng Long became thecultural, political and economic center of the country

In the 13th century, Thăng Long had "vacant houses" three times (1258, 1285, 1288) toconquer Nguyên – Mông invaders into hunger, passive and then wiped out It was again inThăng Long that the hero of "peach coat fabric" Nguyễn Huệ made a mark for the history of thecountry by the glorious victory - the victory of Đống Đa defeated the 30,000 Thanh soldiers onthe fifth day of Tết 1789 Nguyễn Huệ became a king of Đại Việt , Emperor Quang Trungchanged his name from Thăng Long to Bắc Thành, started Tây Sơn Dynasty.

The Tây Sơn dynasty was collapsed after a short time, Gia Long ascended the throne in 1802

to take the capital at Phú Xuân, starting the Nguyễn Dynasty In 1805, Gia Long demolished theold citadel of Thăng Long, built a new citadel that remains to this day, surrounded by streets ofPhan Đình Phùng, Hùng Vương, Trần Phú and Phùng Hưng In 1831, during the administrativereform of Minh Mạng, the country was divided into 29 provinces, Thăng Long belonged to HàNội province With the meaning of being in the river, Hà Nội province at that time consisted of

4 municipalities, 15 districts, located between the Red River and Đáy River

When the French colonialists conquered Việt Nam, Hà Nội was the cradle of therevolutionary movement The pinnacle of the revolutionary movement was on August 19, 1945

Hà Nội uprising established revolutionary government, opening the total national uprising Also

in Hà Nội, Ba Đình Square witnessed President Hồ Chí Minh's declaration of independencegiving birth to the Democratic Republic of Việt Nam

2.2 Name of Hà Nội through the dynasties

With a history of development over a thousand years, Hà Nội has gone through many upsand downs in the history of Việt Nam, and the name of Hà Nội has also changed over the period.Before 1945, Hà Nội had undergone 7 dynasties and 2 surbodinates :

- The Lý Dynasty ( 1010 – 1225)

- The Trần Dynasty ( 1225 – 1400)

- The Hồ Dynasty ( 1400 – 1407)

- The later Trần Dynasty (1407 – 1413)

- The Minh Dynasty ( 1413 – 1428)

- The later Lê Dynasty (1428 – 1788)

- Tây Sơn (1788 – 1802)

- The Nguyễn Dynasty (1802 – 1882)

- Thuộc Pháp (1882 – 1945)

- Name of Hà Nội through the dynasties :

3 Tourist destination

3.1 Temple of Literature

The Temple of Literature (Văn Miếu) was founded in October 1070 to worshipConfucianism's saints and sages Six years later (1076), Quốc Tử Giám house ( closed to VănMiếu), at beginning it is a place to educate the sons of mandarins, later admitted talent pupils inthe country Văn Miếu enclosed by brick wall, inside there are 5 court yards divided by walls

The first area started from the gate, on it heaped 3 letter Văn Miếu Môn, two sides of gatethere are a pair of stone dragons bearing Lê Sơ dynasty style (15th century) A path leads to ĐạiTrung Môn gate to start the second area Two sides there are also two small gates And this pathcontinues leading to the Khuê Văn Các area; on the two sides of belaying there are also two smallgates The third ones started from Khuê Văn Các pavilion to Đại Thành Môn On the center ofthis area here is a square lake called Thiên Quang Tỉnh surrounded by low walls Two sides ofthe lake there are stale gardens, though 116 examinations were held between 1442 and 1778,when the practice was discontinued only 82 stelea are extant, and the most ancient is a stale aboutthe examination in 1442, and the latest is in 1779 Those are precious relics of this fourth areacalculated from Đại Thanh gate A large yard on the two sides there are two houses now.The farside of the yard is Đại Bái house with colorful and monumental architecture In this area, there is

a statue casted in 1768 on the left and a stone going on the right on which carved a literatureregarding effectiveness of this instrument Follow that is a stone, in where laid a statue ofConfucius (Khổng Tử) and his disciples Nhàn Tử, Tăng Tử , Tử Tư and Mạnh Tử Behind ĐạiBái area under Lê dynasty this place was a Quốc Tử Giám university In 1802, Emperor GiaLong transferred this university to his new capital, Huế This place was used to set up a KhảiThánh temple to worship Khổng Tử parents But this temple was destroyed in the war In 1999,there started a construction of a chain building in ancient architecture style for socio scientificactivities center Văn Miếu is the first abundant complex of relics of Hà Nội

Map of visiting monument Văn Miếu – Quốc Tử Giám

https://images.app.goo.gl/nRNwc4Lv4BZ2HbaSA

3.2 Hoàn Kiếm lake

"Rủ nhau xem cảnh Kiếm hồ Xem cầu Thê Húc, xem chùa Ngọc Sơn Đài Nghiên, tháp Bút chưa mòn Hỏi ai gây dựng nên non nước này"

● History The lake has existed for a long time, a few thousand years ago, but before its officialname is Hoàn Kiếm, the lake has many names associated with different stories such as the name

of Lục Thủy Lake because the lake water is colored Blue all year round, Thủy Quân Lake is the

court used to browse the marines According to the tradition is from Lê Thái Tổ It is said that

King Lê Thái Tổ before the uprising in Lam Sơn against the invaders invaded the Ming Dynasty,was given a sword In 1428, completely regained the country, became a king, built the capital inThăng Long, and one day the king sat in a boat playing in the lake, suddenly saw a golden turtleemerge

The King was holding the sword in his hand and slicing along, the turtle raised his neck tograb the sword and then settled down to the bottom of the lake The king wrongly slapped the

lake to search, the turtle could not find anywhere but the sword also lost, so it was supposed thatthe god gave the sword to kill the enemy, now the enemy was quiet and then took the swordaway, so the lake was changed to Hoàn Kiếm, meaning Return the magic sword That nameappeared from the beginning of the XV century (1428-1433)

● Location

Hồ Gươm is located in the center of Hà Nội capital, with an area of 12 hectares, the length

of south-north, the width of east-west is 200 meters Hồ Gươm is an old stretch of the Red Riverleft over when it diverted to the east, which is a natural freshwater lake of Hà Nội city.Previously, the lake was also called Lục Thủy Lake because the colors of the water were green allfour seasons During the Lý Dynasty, King Lý Thánh Tông chose this place to build Sùng KhánhPagoda to pray for peace and prosperity In 1057, the Lý Dynasty erected the Đại Thắng TựThiên stupa to remember the victory in defeating the Chiêm Thành people In the Trần Dynasty(at that time, the lake area was very large, and it was connected to Tô Lịch River), so the TrầnDynasties often practiced on the lake, hence the lake was named Thủy Quân Lake During thereign of Lê Thái Tổ, after defeating the invaders of the Ming Dynasty, the king sat on the dragonboat on the lake, when he saw a golden turtle appearing to claim the king to return the god whohad loaned the pig to fight the enemy, the king changed the name of the lake to Hoàn KiếmLake

The name that people still use is Hồ Gươm At the end of the 16th century, the Trịnh Lorderected the Lord in Báo Thiên Ward, Hoàn Kiếm Lake at that time surrounded from the right tothe left of Phủ Chúa, so once again changed its name, the two parts of a lake into two lakes were

Tả Vọng và Hữu Vọng

Hoàn Kiếm Lake

https://images.app.goo.gl/xmYR6ufdSvXgunU46

3.2.1 Ngọc Sơn Temple

● Location

Ngọc Sơn Temple Hà Nội is located on Ngọc Sơn Island in Hoàn Kiếm Lake, also known

as Hồ Gươm The temple was built on a small island to the north of Hồ Gươm with luxurious andancient beauty Ngọc Sơn Temple is located on an island also named Ngọc Island Leading to thetemple is a system of gates and a wooden bridge Located on Hàng Dầu Street, the first gateconsists of four pillars made of bricks and two Mezzanine sections On each pillar, there are HánChinese couplets, ght in the two main pillars have sentences:

“Lâm thủy đăng sơn nhất lộ tiệm nhập giai cảnh Tầm nguyên phỏng cổ thử trung vô hạn phong quang”

Meaning:

“Đến cõi nước, trèo lên non, một lối dẫn dần vào cảnh đẹp

Tìm nguồn cội, hỏi chuyện xưa, trong chốn này biết mấy phong quang”

On the two sides of the wall are two large Phúc and Lộc words, painted as a blessing forgoodness Phúc is happiness and joy Lộc is prosperous and enjoyable Those are two conceptsthat wish for everyone and also something that everyone wants to have

Entering through the gate, on the left stands a stone tower built on the mountain Thismountain has a diameter of 12m and a height of 4m The square tower has five floors, the bottom

of the first floor is 2m, up to the fifth floor is 1,2m The whole floor is 28m high On the fifthfloor is the brush tip, both the handle and the nib are 0,9 m high Thus the total tower height of28,9m That is the Tháp Bút architecture cluster Tháp Bút, to the second gate class: The path islimited by two pillars, on top of a couple of opposing recommended sentences:

“Nhân gian văn tự vô quyền toàn bằng âm đức Thiên thượng chủ hữu nhãn đơn kháng đan điền.”

The first side means: In this world, the righteous right is the moral upbringing, which isthe negative virtue, the immoral virtue (which is an indifferent blessing) On the second side, hesaid: In heaven, he considered the examination of the world, but only examined the heart of man

On both sides of the pillar, there are two fake eight-storey armpits with curved roofs On the front

of these two doors, one dragon is curled up to welcome the fish fighting each other two wordsLong Môn According to oriental culture, Long Môn is the success in examinations Hổ Bảng isliterally a tiger table, literally meaning a board showing the names of doctorates Through theabove ideas, it can be considered as a symbol of encouraging study according to Confucianism

Through the gates of Long Môn and Hổ Bảng, the road to the temple is narrowed becausethe two rows of low flower beds are built on both sides At the end of the road is the third gateclass This gate layer has high walls, roofs, rolling doors, and painted wooden doors On the roof,there is a stone stand, so the gate is also called Nghiễn đài, which means "Đài Nghiên'' The studymust also be proportionate to the pen This is a study carved out of an entire blue, figured rocklongitudinal cross-section peaches, hollowed out the hollow, 0.97m long peaches, 0.8m high0.3m wide, about 2 meters in circumference There are three platforms (toads) like a tripod There

is an opinion that when building Tháp Bút, Đài Nghiên: On the morning of the 5th of the 5thmonth of the Lunar Calendar, when the sun rises, the shadow of the pen will be applied to theink Exit from Đài Nghiêng is the Thê Húc Bridge which means "save the early morningsunlight" After all 15 spans of red painted bridge, you can reach the Đắc Nguyệt Floor with themeaning of being the moon floor

● History

Ngọc Sơn Temple was built in the middle of the 19th century, exactly in the late 40s ofthe nineteenth century At first, it was called Ngọc Sơn Pagoda, but it was later renamed NgọcSơn Temple because in the temple, worship only gods and not Buddha In 1841 Hướng Thiệnrepaired a temple, built a place of worshiping more worshiping God to enter the bell tower thatTín Trai had built and this whole complex was called Ngọc Sơn Đế Quân Temple, later calledNgọc Sơn Temple Thus, from 1841-1842 in the temple has just worshiped Buddha, worshipQuan Đế and Văn Xương Now the temple is completely new, in front of an embankment andwater to the Trấn Ba communal house, which implies that the pillar stands firmly in the middle ofthe Văn line On the left, on the east side of Thê Húc Bridge, there is Đài Nghiên, and in the east

on Độc Tôn Mountain, to build Tháp Bút, representing the objects Originally when King LýThái Tổ decided to move the capital to Thăng Long, the temple has been built here ever since and

is called Ngọc Tượng Under the Trần Dynasty, the name was changed to Ngọc Sơn Previously,

in the Trần Dynasty, the temple was a place of worshiping heroic martyrs and national heroeswho had merit in the resistance war against Nguyên Mông Army, but later the temple collapsed.Lord Trịnh Giang erected Thụy Khánh Palace and built two mountains on the east opposite NgọcSơn called Đào Tai and Ngọc Bội Mountains At the end of the Lê Dynasty, Thụy Khánh Palacewas destroyed by Lê Chiêu Thống A philanthropist named Tín Trai, on the basis of the oldpalace, established a temple called Ngọc Sơn Pagoda So in history, in the area of Ngọc SơnTemple today there was a temple named Ngọc Sơn Pagoda A few years later, the temple gaveway to a charity to change to Tam Thánh Temple The association is composed of people fromthe past few years At its inception, the association's purpose was primarily to encourage gooddeeds It worships Văn Xương Đế Quân but there is no temple Tin Trai's children were closelyrelated to the association, so they volunteered to return this temple to the association

● Construction

Ngọc Sơn Temple was built in the shape of Tam In the temple there are couplets,diaphragms and sacred objects The roof of Ngọc Sơn Temple is square, with three roofs, and atwo-storey roof with eight pillars supporting it The system of the four outer pillars of the temple

is made of stone and the four inner pillars are wooden The main temple is two connectedtemples, worshiping Hưng Đạo Đại Vương - Trần Quốc Tuấn and Văn Xương Đế Quân Inaddition, the temple also worships Amitabha Buddha, Lã Động Tân and Quan Vân Trường This

way of worship reflects the spirit of solidarity and religious harmony of Vietnamese The statue

of Trần Hưng Đạo is placed on a 1m high stone pedestal, flanked by two stone stairs, the symbol

of Văn Xương stands up solemnly, holding a pen in his hand, showing an elegant and elegantappearance

Ngọc Sơn Temple : https://tinyurl.com/yt8adhm2

3.2.2 Tháp Bút

The tower was built on a mountain by stones, diameter 12m and height 4m The squaretower has five floors and 28m high The top is an erected pen Both handle and nib 0,9m high.Tháp Bút (1865) as of 2020, was 155 years old Tháp Bút, according to the ideas of the designers,

is an image for culture, Tháp Bút architectural cluster has both performed a literary proclamationand a martial arts demonstration at the same time, here the Lord Trinh's martial arts insuppressing the uprising of Nguyễn Danh Phương This is the implication of the designers,because we see Tháp Bút built on a mound filled with rocks This hill represents a mountaincalled Độc Tôn At the foot of the mountain, there is a small shrine with the name of Sơn ThầnMiếu

Tháp Bút https://tinyurl.com/2tzczn5v

3.2.3 Đài Nghiên

Nguyễn Văn Siêu built next to Tháp Bút is Đài Nghiên Nghiên is located on the firstbuilding leading into the temple, it was a piece of blue stone ink carved in the shape of a halfpeach, cut vertically, cut concave The length of the peach is 0,97m, the width of 0.8m, the height

of 0,3m, the circumference of 2m, there are three sickle thorns (toads), such as three tripod legs.Especially, the stone of Đài Nghiên is engraved with the article of author Nguyễn Văn Siêu.There are only 64 words (Hán), but the words are very interesting There are many interpretationsand so far there are many different translations Here we temporarily translate as follows: "Usingthe soil cavity to study, commenting on “Đạo đức kinh”, brooding on the large side, writing HánXuân Thu books From the stone split to do research, there is no shape Not square round, used to

do everything miraculously, not high or low, in the middle, bent over Hoàn Kiếm Lake, lookingback at the stone tip, applying to Thái Dương, making all changes” Perhaps this is an ontologicalconception of Đài Nghiên and also about people's ideas

Đài Nghiên https://tinyurl.com/883fkn3v

3.2.4 Thê Húc Bridge

This ancient bridge was built during the reign of King Tự Đức (the fourth king of theNguyễn Dynasty) In 1865, Nguyễn Văn Siêu built a bridge connecting the lake with Ngọc SơnTemple and named it Thê Húc, meaning "light drops back" or "halo gathering halo" The bridgehas undergone two reconstructions since its completion The first time was in 1897, Thành Tháidynasty The second time was in 1952 after a bridge span broke on New Year's Eve in the NhâmThìn because the guests of the Ngọc Sơn Temple were overcrowded The bridge was rebuilt,instead of wood, the foundation was re-cast with cement The bridge has a circular shape, with 16rows of piles, beams of horizontal and vertical casting by concrete The deck and the bridge arestill wooden At present, the bridge is 45m long, 15 spans, each span 3m, the sphere is 2,6m wide.The bridge is oriented to the east, oriented to the rising sun to catch the integrity of that gas Withsuch a meaning, the bridge should always be red to symbolize the color of life, the color of allhappiness, and the desire to pass on the ancient life up to now, this is the symbol of the sun god

Thê Húc Bridge https://tinyurl.com/ptv3csmb

3.2.5 Đắc Nguyệt Floor

The reason that the floor is called a moonlit floor is because in this position you can enjoythe full moonlight The architecture is a lovely small floor, consisting of 2 floors, 8 roofs, asmaller upper floor planted on a larger lower floor Each floor has 4 roofs, on the 2nd floor there

is a circular window facing the East, above the window there is a sign painted with yellowlipstick with 3 words Đắc Nguyệt Lầu

Đắc Nguyệt floor https://tinyurl.com/3sy7v949

3.3 Ba Đình Square

● Location

Ba Đình Square was the west gate of Thăng Long Citadel with a dense population Duringthe French colonial period, Ba Đình was the headquarters of the administrative offices of theFrench Governor General in Indo China

● History

After the August Revolution 1954, the new Vietnamese Government also decided to getthe name of Ba Đình Revolution to name this special land of Hà Nội After September 2, 1945,both domestic and foreign media reported simultaneously: On September 2, 1945 at Ba ĐìnhSquare, Hà Nội, President Hồ Chí Minh read the Declaration of Independence, giving birth to theDemocratic Republic of Việt Nam After that time, the Square was also called Độc Lập Square.During the anti-French resistance war, Ba Đình Square was also called Hồng Bàng From January

1, 1955, a solemn meeting was held to welcome President Hồ Chí Minh, the Central PartyCommittee and the Government back to Hà Nội Capital, this place was again called Ba ĐìnhSquare After Hồ Chí Minh read the Declaration of Independence on September 2, 1945, thesolemn meeting on January 1, 1955 was the second most important ceremony of the nationalhistory and Hà Nội Capital of Hồ Chí Minh Era After President Hồ Chí Minh's death, this placebecame a particularly important relic of our country

● Architectural

In addition to Hồ Chí Minh Mausoleum, the Ba Đình Square is also home to manyhistorical works, attractive attractions such as the Presidential Palace, The Stilt House, One PillarPagoda,

● Architecture

The mausoleum consists of three floors: The first floor is a series of stands built in theshape of a ladder to facilitate important ceremonies at Ba Đình Square The second floor is theCentral part of the Mausoleum containing the corpse room, the corridors and stairs up and down.The remains of President Hồ Chí Minh are housed in a glass cage The upper floor is a three level

Mausoleum On the main side of the Mausoleum is engraved with the words "President Hồ ChíMinh" in plum colored ruby stones

The entire mausoleum has a height of 21,6 meters, Ba Đình Square has a length of 320m,

a width of 100m with 240 green fields all year round On the west side of Ba Đình Square is thememorial area for President Hồ Chí Minh, including Hồ Chí Minh Museum, people's stilt house,fish pond, coconut trees and hibiscus fences,

Hồ Chí Minh Mausoleum

https://images.app.goo.gl/WHBQVpZnk4rbv3aq7

3.3.2 President Palace (Phủ Chủ Tịch)

President Hồ Chí Minh lived and worked at the Presidential Palace for 15 years (from

1954 to 1969) Many historic sites here have been associated with the exciting revolutionaryactivities and daily life of President Hồ Chí Minh such as: Presidential Palace building, House 54,House on stilts, H.67 house, Room meeting of the Politburo, Tunnel H.66 and outdoormonuments such as: mango street, orchard, fish pond, flower trellis of the President Palace,

The Presidential Palace relic area is located in Ngọc Hà ward, Ba Đình district, Hà Nộicity The site is bordered on the North by West Lake, the South by One Pillar Pagoda and Hồ ChíMinh Museum, The West is adjacent to Bách Thảo, the East looks straight out to Hùng VươngStreet, Uncle Hồ's Mausoleum and Ba Đình Square - where President Hồ Chí Minh read theDeclaration of Independence that gave birth to the Democratic Republic of Việt Nam in theautumn year 1945 The entire area of the relic is more than 10 hectares, including houses, green

gardens, lawns, fish ponds and yards, paths According to the nature of the architectural worksand activities of President Ho Chi Minh in those places, the relic is divided into three areas:

Zone A: is the place where President Hồ Chí Minh lives and works The monuments hereare directly related to the daily life and activities of him in the last 15 years of his life That is:

House Ruins 54 - where President Hồ Chí Minh lived and worked (from late 1954 to midMay 1958) Wooden stilt house relic - where President Hồ Chí Minh lived and worked (from midMay 1958 to 1969) Relic house 67 - where President Hồ Chi Minh worked during the fiercebombardment of the North (1967 - 1969), where the healer died

Other relics such as green gardens, fish pond, kitchen and car President Hồ Chi Minhused Areas B and C: including the President Palace guest house, the Government Office and thegardens surrounding these places Currently, this sector State and Government are still working.The first relic in the journey to visit the Hồ Chi Minh relic at the President Palace is thePresidential Palace building This is a luxurious, superficial, four storey building overlookingHùng Vương Street

This Renaissancestyle work was built in the early years of the twentieth century (1900 1906), designed by French-German architect Lichelen Sensor The usable area of the building isnearly 1300 square meters The entire building has more than 30 rooms, each of which isdecorated in its own style During the French colonial rule, the building was called the GovernorGeneral of Indochina From the time the house was completed to the successful August 1945revolution, there were 29 Governor General and Governor General in residence and work

-With international guests, President Hồ Chí Minh welcomes from heads of state, partyleaders from brother countries, ambassadors of other countries to present national letters, artdelegations, sports, writers, houses newspapers, scientists, mass organizations and friends all overthe world come to Việt Nam, support the cause of the revolution and help the people of Việt Nambuild new lives

With the people of Việt Nam, he meets with representatives from all parts of society,regardless of their religion, party, or profession In 15 years, from 1945 to 1969, at thePresidential Palace, President Hồ Chí Minh received more than 1000 domestic and foreigndelegations The Presidential Palace is also the place where President Hồ Chí Minh repeatedlyread poems for the New Year's Day

After President Hồ Chí Minh passed away (September 2, 1969), the Presidential Palacebecame one of the monuments of the State ranked as a particularly important relic in the overall

relic area Hồ Chí Minh at the Presidential Palace However, since then, this building hasremained the workplace of the President of Việt Nam The activities of our Party and State arestill solemnly conducted here

● History

The temple started construction in October 1049 lunar year According to historicalbooks, the pagoda was built according to a dream of King Lý Thái Tông (1028 -1054) Told thatthere was a mistake, King Lý Thái Tông dreamed of Quan Âm Buddha sitting on the lotus andleading him to the lotus The King told my superiors and was suggested by the monk Thiền Tuệ

to build the temple and the king followed the monk’s design to build this temple

● Architecture

The pagoda has a square structure made of wood, roofing tiles, each side 3m, with fourroofs, four curved heads with dragon heads The stone pillar consists of two blocks attached toeach other, 1,2m in diameter and 4m high The path to the temple is a small staircase made ofbricks The upper part of the cylinder consists of a system of wooden bars that form a solid framesupporting the temple built above, similar to a lotus rising from the lake, this is a very uniquearchitecture of One Pillar Pagoda

In the pagoda, the statue of Buddha Quan Âm sits on a wooden lotus painted with goldenveneer, at the highest position Above the Buddha image is the diaphragm “Liên Hoa Đài”reminiscent of the dreaming legend of King Lý leading to the construction of the temple Fromthe yard to the pagoda floor to chant the worship ceremony, you have to go through 13 steps of1,4m wide, on both sides of brick walls, with stone steles to introduce the history of the temple

The pagoda was built in the middle of a lotus pond, 20m on each side of the lake,surrounded by a low wall Although the scale of the temple is not large, it brings a very uniquebeauty, erected by only one pillar but can still stand firm, nothing can be demolished over time.The pagoda today is not shaped like lotus petals on the old stone pillar, but the image of a temple

in the middle of rising water still reminds of a lotus flower – a beautiful flower, symbolizing thebeauty of the planet drug topping – located right in the middle of the lake Not only that, it is also

a symbol of wisdom, of longevity, liberation through intellectual awareness to reach nirvana OnePillar Pagoda is not like any other Buddhist tower, the pagoda is full of philosophical humanitywith a square outer ring representing yin (âm), and a round column symbolizing yang (dương),law of yin and yang, this is the law of reciprocity, the analogy of the universe It’s beauty hasboth the majesty of the Buddha realm

One Pillar pagoda

https://images.app.goo.gl/BP5Puh6rN3RtPqC99

3.4 Bát Tràng pottery village

Location: on the left bank of the Red River, now in Bát Tràng commune, Gia Lâm district,

Hà Nội, more than 10km southeast of the city center This is a famous traditional craft village forceramic products

History: This craft village was formed in the Lý Dynasty, over 500 years of history withmany ups and downs at the same time, but the name Bát Tràng still exists and continues todevelop until now

Bát Tràng pottery is circulated all over the country, even abroad Bát Tràng pottery village isnot only a place to make a national product brand, contributing to preserving the cultural value ofthe capital

Bát Tràng pottery village https://tinyurl.com/2rzca4zt

3.5 Vạn Phúc silk village

Geography: also known as Hà Đông silk weaving village in Vạn Phúc ward, Hà Đông.Having existed for more than 1000 years, Vạn Phúc silk village is one of the most beautiful silkweaving villages in Việt Nam

History: Vạn Phúc silk village was formerly known as Vạn Bảo Due to the Nguyễn Dynasty,the village was renamed Vạn Phúc In 1931, for the first time, Vạn Phúc Hà Đông silk waspromoted to the international market at the Marseille fair and was rated by the French as one ofthe most beautiful and delicate silk lines of Indochina By 1958, Vạn Phúc silk was exported toEastern European countries and so far Hà Đông silk is popular in many countries around theworld

Vạn Phúc silk village https://tinyurl.com/nstp6k5w

3.6 Phú Vinh bamboo and rattan village

Geography: Phú Vinh craft village in Gò Đậu, Phú Nghĩa commune, Chương Mỹ Famous forthe craft of bamboo and rattan from about the 17th century, about 20 km from the center of HàNội

The village is famous for delicate and beautiful bamboo and rattan products, ranging fromitems such as baskets, baskets, to souvenirs, decorations such as couplets, photo frames, royalduels, or objects such as tables, chairs, vase, The materials that make up the products arecarefully selected by the craftsmen from the highlands and carefully handled: bamboo drying,peeling, polishing, drying, splitting small,