Bài tập lớn Ngữ âm lý thuyết

MY ASSIGNMENT Write about the Vowels in English. I. Introduction: Vowels can be monophthongs, diphthongs or triphthongs. It is obviously necessary to be able to make sounds different, distinctive, make one word different from all the other words.

HANOI OPEN

UNIVERSITY

END OF TERM TEST ON ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY (1)

FOR STUDENTS OF ENGLISH (No 1)

Subject Code: EN10 Full name:

Date of birth:

Group:

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (1)

Write about the Vowels in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of vowels and how to describe them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (2)

Write about the Consonants in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of

consonants in English and how to describe them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (3)

Write about the Stress Patterns in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and rules of stress patterns

in English and how to apply them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (4)

Write about the Weak and Strong Forms of Grammatical Words in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: The cases of weak and strong forms of grammatical words in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (5)

Write about the Elision and Linking in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Elision and Linking in English how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (6)

Write about the Assimilation in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Assimilation in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (7)

Write about the Variation in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Variation in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (8)

Write about the Rhythm units and Tune shapes in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of

Rhythm units and Tune shapes and how to use them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (9)

Write about the Intonation in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and importance of

intonation in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (10)

Write about the Overview Phonetics and Phonology in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Overview of Phonetics and Phonology, Speech organs

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

END OF TERM TEST ON ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS AND

PHONOLOGY

No 1.

MY ASSIGNMENT Write about the Vowels in English.

I Introduction:

Vowels can be monophthongs, diphthongs or triphthongs It is obviously necessary to be able to make sounds different, distinctive, make one word different from all the other words If we count up the sounds which are distinctive in initial and final position we will find that there are 24 consonants altogether, and 20 vowels There are 44 sounds in English divided into different kinds of speech: vowels and consonants The vowels are divided into 12 monophthongs and 8 diphthongs

II Development:

1 Definition of vowels:

- Vowels are one of the two principal classes of speech sounds, the other being the consonant Vowels vary in quality, in loudness and also in quantity (length) They are usually voiced and are closely involved in prosodic variation such as tone, intonation and stress

- Vowels are made by voiced air passing through different mouth-shapes; the different shape of the mouth is caused by different positions of the tongue and of the lips We can definition of vowel: a speech sound made with your mouth open and your tongue in the middle of your mouth not touching your teeth, lips, etc And

it is a letter (such as a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y in English) that represents a vowel

- There are 12 pure vowels or monophthongs in English – /i:/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /u:/, /e/, /ə/, /ɜ:/, /ɔ:/, /æ/, /ʌ/, /ɑ:/ and /ɒ/ There are 8 diphthongs sounds in common english pronounciation namely – /aɪ/ , /eɪ/ , /əʊ/ ,/aʊ/ ,/eə/ ,/ɪə/ ,/ɔɪ/, /ʊə/ In the English consonants there are 2 semivowels: The /w/ sound (letter "w") and /j/ sound (letter "y") are the only two semi-vowels (also commonly called glides) in English

2 Classification of vowels:

In the sense of classification we must have the criteria, the principles, and the ways Ex male ≠ female sex = criteria There have been different ways of describing vowel sounds Vowel sounds are classified according to the following questions:

- How high is the tongue?

- What part of the tongue is involved? (What part is raised lowered?)

- How long or short is the vowel?

- How are shapes of lips?

- Shapes of lips (mouth): when somebody says or pronounce we look at his or her mouth then we can find different shapes

Thus, it can be classified in three ways:

1 Tongue hight

2 Part of the tongue which is raised

3 Degree of lips rounding

* According to tongue hight:

- High vowels:

- Low vowels:

- Mid vowels:

It refers to how high or low our tongue is Thus we can say that /i/ is a high vowel sound, /e/ is intermediate, and /a/ is low You may notice the movement of the tongue if you pronounce these three sounds

* According to the part of the tongue raised:

- Front vowels

- Back vowels

- Central vowels

When we make a vowel sound, our tongue is in a specific position inside our mouth For example, if you make the vowel sound /i/ and then /u/, you will notice that your tongue moves back, and if you make the sound /i/ and then /a/, your tongue moves down The following chart shows the position of the tongue when

we pronounce the English vowel sounds You have to imagine that this chart is inside the mouth For each sound, there is one phonetic symbol that belongs to the International Phonetic Alphabet

* According to degree of lips rounding:

- Rounded vowels

- Unround vowels

- Neutral vowels

It refers to the position of our lips, when we make the vowel sounds When

we make the sound /i/, the corners of our mouth are further apart, so we can say that this is a spread vowel sound When we pronounce /u/, our lips are rounded, and for the sound /a/ our lips are neither spread nor rounded, so we say that it is an unrounded vowel or neutral

3 Categories of vowel sounds:

3.1 The English Monophthongs:

- Definition: Monophthongs provide a single sound while pronouncing the words

In general, a monophthong is a pure vowel sound When we pronounce it the organs of speech does not change, i.e the organs of speech remain in a given position for a period of time During the process of pronunciation, from the beginning to the end there is no the changing of the organs of speech Monophthongs are not the sounds but are representing symbols of the sounds The mouth is not moving, changing The air stream pass through the mouth easily, it doesn’t form any obstacles, no obstruction; we call monophthongs

There are 12 pure vowels or monophthongs in English – /i:/, /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /u:/, /e/, /ə/, /ɜ:/, /ɔ:/, /æ/, /ʌ/, /ɑ:/ and /ɒ/

3.2 Diphthongs:

- Definition: Diphthong is a sound formed by the conjunction of two vowels

in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves towards another (as in rain, slow, and chair) Therefore diphthongs are also called gliding vowels

There are 8 diphthongs sounds in common english pronounciation namely – /aɪ/, /eɪ/ , /əʊ/ ,/aʊ/ ,/eə/ ,/ɪə/ ,/ɔɪ/, /ʊə/

* 2 semivowels: The /w/ sound (letter "w") and /j/ sound (letter "y") are the

only two semi-vowels (also commonly called glides) in English These sounds can

be created with slightly greater restriction in the vocal tract than vowels, but less restriction than most other consonants

- Example of 2 semivowels

+ Vowel sounds spelled with a "w":

aw /ɑ/ saw

ew /u:/ new

ew /ju:/ few

ow /oʊ/ snow

ow /aʊ/ cow

+ Vowel sounds spelled with a "y":

y /i/ happy

y /aɪ/ by

y /ɪ/ mystic

oy /oɪ/ toy

ay /eɪ/ day

3.3 The English Triphthongs

Triphthongs are the most complex sounds of the vowel type of English They can be rather difficult to pronounce and very difficult to recognize A triphthong is

a glide from one vowel sound to another and then to a third, all its pronunciation occurs rapidly and without interruption The principal causes difficulty for the foreign learner is that in present-day English the extent of the vowel movement is very short, except in very careful pronunciation Because of this, the middle of the three vowel qualities of the triphthong can hardly be heard and the resulting sound

is difficult to distinguish from some of the diphthongs and long vowels

4 Describing and identifying vowels:

- Describing vowels:

Vowels are commonly described according to the following characteristics The portion of the tongue that is involved in the articulation: front, central or back

The tongue's position relative to the palate: high, mid or low

The shape of the lips: rounded or unrounded (spread)

The length or duration of vocalization: long or short

A four-sided vowel chart is often used to demonstrate the front–back and high–low positions The chart roughly represents the tongue position in the oral cavity

- Identifying vowels:

Linguists classify vowels according to four pieces of information: tongue height, tongue backness, lip rounding, and tenseness

III Conclusion

Summary, vowels are open sounds because they involve no obstruction to the flow of air from the lungs as it passes up through the windpipe (trachea), through the voice box (larynx) and out of the mouth Other than positioning the tongue, jaws and lips there is nothing to obstruct the airflow All vowels are produced with the vocal folds vibrating and are said to be voiced sounds Learn about English vowels, we will see the interesting of this type in terms of their classification and description

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (1)

Write about the Vowels in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of vowels and how to describe them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (2)

Write about the Consonants in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of

consonants in English and how to describe them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (3)

Write about the Stress Patterns in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and rules of stress patterns

in English and how to apply them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (4)

Write about the Weak and Strong Forms of Grammatical Words in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: The cases of weak and strong forms of grammatical words in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (5)

Write about the Elision and Linking in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Elision and Linking in English how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (6)

Write about the Assimilation in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Assimilation in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (7)

Write about the Variation in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and cases of Variation in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (8)

Write about the Rhythm units and Tune shapes in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and classification of

Rhythm units and Tune shapes and how to use them

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (9)

Write about the Intonation in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion

Your writing should focus on some aspects: Definition and importance of

intonation in English and how to use them in conversation

You should give examples to illustrate your ideas

ASSIGNMENT ON PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY (10)

Write about the Overview Phonetics and Phonology in English

Notes:

You should write in 1000-1200 words

Your assignment should be in 3 parts: Introduction, Development (the main one) and Conclusion