efficient Adj Có năng suất, có hiệu quả -> enormously Adv Rất, vô cùng -> efficiently Adv Một cách hiệu quả 14.. effectively Adv Một cách có hiệu quả -> effective Adj Có hiệu quả 32.. co
Trang 1UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY
(Tiết kiệm năng lượng)
dryer
N Máy sấy quần áo
5 bill N Hóa đơn thanh toán 6 efficient Adj Có năng suất, có hiệu quả
-> enormously Adv Rất, vô cùng -> efficiently Adv Một cách hiệu quả
14 to drip V Nhỏ giọt, chảy nhỏ giọt -> ultimate Adj Cuối cùng, sau cùng
16 to waste V Lãng phí, uổng phí 17 to sum up V Tóm tắt, tổng kết
-> solar energy N Năng lượng mặt trời 20 separate Adj Riêng, riêng biệt, khác nhau
21 nuclear Adj Thuộc hạt nhân -> to separate V Tách ra, chia ra
-> nuclear power N Năng lượng hạt nhân 22 to draft V Viết nháp, vẽ phát thảo
-> a source of power Ngồn năng lượng 24 to label V Dán nhãn
-> a power source Nguồn năng lượng -> label N Nhãn, nhãn hiệu
25 to install V Lắp đặt, cài đặt 26 tumble
dryer
N Máy sấy quần áo -> installation N Việc lắp đặt
27 resource N Nguồn, nguồn lực
-> resources N Tài nguyên
-> natural resources N Tài nguyên thiên nhiên
28 luxury N Vật xa xỉ, đồ xa xỉ
29 consumer N Người tiêu thụ, người tiêu
dùng -> to consume V Dùng, tiêu thụ
30 effectively Adv Một cách có hiệu quả
-> effective Adj Có hiệu quả
32 account for st V Chiếm, là nguyên nhân của
(gì)
34 standard Adj Chuẩn, phù hợp với tiêu
chuẩn -> standard N Chuẩn, tiêu chuẩn
-> to scheme V Lập kế hoạch, âm mưu
36 standard Adj Chuẩn, phù hợp với tiêu
chuẩn
UNIT 7: SAVING ENERGY
Trang 2NEW WORDS
1 electric (adj): có điện
electrical (adj): thuộc về điện
electricity (n): điện
electrician (n): thợ điện
2 power (n): năng lượng, sức mạnh
powerful (adj): hùng mạnh
powerfully (adv)
empower (v): ủy quyền
3 cloud (n): mây → cloudy (adj): có mây
cloudless (adj.): không mây
4 sun (n): mặt trời
sunny (adj): có nắng
sun (n): mặt trời
solar (adj): thuộc mặt trời
5 fog (n): sương mù
foggy (adj): có sương mù
6 wind (n): gió
windy (adj): có gió
7 snow (n): tuyết
snowy (adj): có tuyết
8 rain (n,v): mưa
rainy (adj): có mưa
9 install (v): lắp đặt, cài đặt
installation (n): sự lắp đặt
10 necessary (adj): cần thiết
necessarily (adv): nhất thiết
necessity (n): thứ thiết yếu
unnecessary (adj): không cần thiết
unnecessarily (adv): không nhất thiết
11 produce (v): sản xuất
producer (n): nhà sản xuất
production (n): sự sản xuất
product (n): sản phẩm
productive (adj): có năng xuất
12 consume (v): tiêu thụ
consumption (n): sự tiêu thụ
consumer (n): người tiêu dùng
time-consuming (adj): tốn thời gian
13 effect (n): hiệu ứng, hiệu quả
effective (adj): có hiệu quả
effectively (adv): có hiệu quả
ineffective (adj): không có hiệu quả
ineffectively (adv)
effectiveness (n): tính hiệu quả
efficient (adj): hiệu quả, có năng xuất
inefficient (adj): không hiệu quả
efficiently (adv): có hiệu quả
inefficiently (adv): không hiệu quả
efficiency (n): năng xuất, việc làm có hiệu quả
inefficiency (n): việc làm không có hiệu quả
14 ultimate (adj): cuối cùng
ultimately (adv)
15 innovate (v): có sáng kiến innovative (adj): sáng tạo
innovation (n): sáng kiến
innovator (n): người cải cách
16 conclude (v): kết luận conclusion (n): cái kết, kết luận
In conclusion: kết luận lại
17 regular (adj): thường xuyên regularly (adv) = usually: thường xuyên
18 conserve: giữ gìn, bảo tồn conservation (n):sự bảo tồn, bảo toàn conservationist (n): người ủng hộ bảo tồn
19 profit (n):lợi nhuận, tiền lãi profitable (a): có lãi, có lợi ích, lợi nhuận profit (v): thu lợi, làm có lợi
profitably (adv):1 cách có lợi nhuận, sinh lãi
20 suggest(v): gợi ý suggestion (n): sự gợi ý suggestive (a): có tính gợi ý, gợi nhớ suggestively (adv): 1 cách gợi ý, gợi nhớ đến
21 receive (v): nhận được, thu được receipt (n): công thức, giấy biên nhận, biên lai receiver (n): người nhận, người thu lĩnh reception (n): sự đón nhận, tiếp đón , tiếp nhận receptive (a): có tính đón nhận, lĩnh hội
22 connection (n); sự kết nối connect (v): kết nối disconnect (v): mất kết nối connected (a): đã kết nối, được kết nối, nối kết
23 understanding (n): sự hiểu biết, trí tuệ, am hiểu understandable (a): có thể hiểu được
understanding (a): có thể thông cảm với understand (v): hiểu
understandably (adv): 1 cách có thể thông cảm
24 luxury (n): sang trọng, xa hoa luxurious (a): lộng lẫy, xa hoa, sang trọng, xa xỉ luxuriously (adv): 1 cách lộng lẫy, xa hoa
25 standard (n): chuẩn, tiêu chuẩn, trình độ, mức standard (a): làm chuẩn, phù hợp tiêu chuẩn standardize (v): tiêu chuẩn hóa, chuẩn hóa
26 compare(v): so sánh, ví comparable (a): có thể so được comparative (a):tương đối, so sánh comparison (n):sự so sánh
comparatively (adv): 1 cách tương đối
Trang 3I Adjectives and adverbs (tính từ và trạng từ):
A Adjectives (tính từ):
- Tính từ đứng trước một danh từ và sau một số động từ như: to be, seem, keep, look, feel, taste, sound, smell, get, become …
- Tính từ bổ nghĩa danh từ và đại từ.
Ex: It is a white shirt (while là tính từ đứng trước danh từ shirt và bổ nghĩa cho danh từ shirt )
Ex: - She is intelligent.
- He looks happy.
a Adverbs(trạng từ):
Ex: He is a good student He studies well.
=> Trạng từ có chức năng bổ nghĩa cho tất cả các từ loại ngoại trừ danh từ và đại từ.
Eg: - She spoke softly (trạng từ softly bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường speak).
- He runs fast (trạng từ fast bổ nghĩa cho động từ thường run).
- She answered me coldly
- It is terribly hot today (trạng từ teriblly bổ nghĩa cho tính từ hot).
- The little girl was badly treated.
* Cách thành lập trạng từ chỉ thể cách: Tính từ + ly → Trạng từ
bad + ly → badly
slow + ly -> slowly
happy + ly → happily
* Một số trường hợp ngoại lệ: good → well
early → early
late → late
hard → hard
fast → fast
* Một số tính từ tận cùng là "ly":
friendly: thân thiện, lovely: dễ thương, likely: chắc chắn, lonely: cô đơn, lively: sống động,
silly: ngốc, ngớ ngẫn, ugly: xấu xí
EXECISE 1 Choose the correct form:
1.- I heard Daniel isn’t very ………….(good/ well)
- Well, he fell and hurt himself quite ……… (badly/ bad)
2 – There was a ……….(terrible/ terribly) accident on this road two days ago, wasn’t there?
- Yes, two people were killed and the driver of the car was …………(serious/ seriously) injured
3 - The weather was so ……….awful/ awfully) yesterday
- yes, it was raining quite ……… (heavy/ heavily) so we stayed at home all day
4 You haven’t cleaned the floor ………….(proper/ properly) It still …………(dirty/ dirtily)
Oh,sorry I is still………… (dirty/ dirtily)
5 You didn’t look very ……….(happy/ happily) last night
Well, I was disappointed that I did so ……… (bad/ badly) in the exam
6 – Can you remember what happen?
- I can’t remember …….(clear/ clearly).It all happened so ………(sudden/ suddenly)
7 Don’t go up that ladder It doesn’t look ……….(safe/ safely)
- Don’t worry I’ll climb …………(careful/ carefully)
8 Did you go to Sally’s birthday party?
- Yes, It was really a ……… (cheerful/ cheerfully) party Everybody at the party was (colorful/ colorfully) dressed
9 – Why do you look so … (nervous/ nervously)?
- Oh, my! I’ve just got a mistake I interrupted my boss while he was on the phone, and he looked at me (angry/ angrily) when I interrupted him
10 – Have you seen Richard ……… (recent/ recently)?
- yes, I just met him at Rose’s party two days ago He seemed very (unhappy/ unhappily) He smiled … (sad/ sadly) at
me when he saw me
11 I am staying in a very (comfortable/ comfortably) hotel in the South of France, near a (nicely/ nice) beach
Unfortunately, it has been very (coldly/ cold) and the hotel itself is very (expensive/ expensively)
12 Another problem is that the chief cooks (badly/ bad) The food is not (delicious/ deliciously) and I have been (hungry/ hungrily) most of the time because I have had (great/ greatly) difficulty in finding anything (suitable/ suitably)
on the menu
Trang 413 However, I have been very impressed by the (beautifully/ beautiful) surroundings and the (kind/ kindly) people It
is true that I have suffered a bit from boredom but I always do when I’m not (fully/ full) occupied Sometimes I feel (sleepy/ sleepily) in the middle of the day and have a (shortly/ short) nap, which I am very (thankfully/ thankful )for Unfortunately, I sleep quite (bad/ badly) at night because the people in the room next to me snore (terribly/ terrible)
14 Anyway, I’m leaving this Friday The driver will (probable/ probably) take me two or three days as long as the
traffic isn’t too (bad/ badly) I’ll get in touch (immediately/ immediate) as soon as I get home and maybe we can
arrange to meet up for the meal
EXECISE 2 Put in the adverbs:
1 Emma’s toothache was terrible Emma’s tooth ached ………
2 Henry was angry Henry shouted ………
3 I’m happy sitting here I can sit here ………
4 He was very thoughtful standing there He stood there ………
5 The chidren seemed cheerful The children played ………
6 The switch is automatic The machine switches itself off ………
7 james is very good at speaking English James speaks English ………
8 The debate should be public We need to debate the matter ………
9 She was charming She walked ……… In front of the audience 10 Everyone was enthusiastic Everyonr discussef the idea ………
11 The man had a soft voice The man spoke ………
12 Claire wears expensive clothes Claire dresses ………
13 The runners made a low start They started the race ………
14 The building has to be secure Did you lock all the doors ………
15 I had a strange dream last night I dreamed ………
B Thành phần theo sau tính từ: 1 Adjective + to + Vo (Tính từ được theo sau bởi động từ nguyên mẫu có to): Form: S + be chia + adj + to + Vo Ví dụ: It is interesting to learn English S be adj to + Vo 2 Adjective + that-clause: Form: S + be chia + Adjective + That – clause (that + S + V) Trong đó “that-clause” bổ sung nghĩa cho adjective; mang nghĩa “rằng, là, mà” Ex: I am pleased that you are working hard adj that-clause Mệnh đề that (that- clause) thường đứng sau tính từ diễn tả cảm xúc, sự chắc chắn: sad, pleased, excited, disappointed, delighted, glad, afraid, sorry, thankful, certain, sure,
EXECISE 1 Combine these sentences using Adj + that clause : 0 He is worried His business is not going well -> He is worried that his business is not going well 1 We were disappointed She didn’t keep her promise
2 I’m sorry I came late
3 The boss was angry I misplaced all the documents
4 I am happy The article has been very well received
5 We are glad You come
6 His parents are pleased He won the best prize
7 It is important She should accept the offer
8 We are afraid The goods won’t be delivered on time
9 I’m sure They will never give him a refund
10 It is necessary You are prudent
EXECISE 2 Make sentences with the words suggested: 0 I / pleased / work hard -> I am pleased that you are working hard 1 We / grateful / you / take / interest / us
2 You / sure / her child / disappeared?
3 No one / sorry / our manager / resigned
4 Everybody / not surprised / they / divorce
5 I / disappointed / you / not / see / me / yesterday
6 We / thankful / she / nit tell / truth
7 Children / excited / go / zoo / last Sunday
8 We amuse / you / love / him
9 I / glad / they / come / here
10 I / proud / my team / win / the first award of the competition
Trang 5II Adverb clauses of reason (mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do):
Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ lý do bắt đầu bằng Because / Since / As nói lên lý do của sự việc được thể hiện qua mệnh đề chính Hai mệnh đề trong câu có thể đổi chổ cho nhau
Ex: Ba is tired because / since / as he stayed up late watching TV
Form: S + V … + because / since / as + S + V
1 Because/ As/ Since + Mệnh đề (S+V):
- We decided to leave early because/ as/ since the party was boring.
2 Because of + Danh từ/Cụm danh từ
- We cancelled our flight because the weather was bad.
-> We cancelled our flight because of the bad weather.
3 Cách chuyển các câu từ Because về Because of:
Quy tắc 1) Nếu chủ ngữ 2 mệnh đề giống nhau, cùng chỉ chung người hoặc vật
=> Bỏ chủ ngữ , động từ BE và V thêm ING
Because Tom got up late, he didn’t get to school on time.
=> Because of getting up late, he didn’t get to school on time.
Quy tắc 2) Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ + be + tính từ
=> Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ ,bỏ Động từ BE
Because the rain is heavy, we didn’t go to school
=> Because of the heavy rain, we didn’t go to school
Quy tắc 3) Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ chỉ người + be + tính từ
=> Đổi đại từ thành sỡ hửu ,đổi tính từ thành danh từ ,bỏ động từ BE
Because He was sick, his mother took care of him
=> Because of his sickness; his mother took care of him
Quy tắc 4) Nếu câu có dạng : there be + (số lượng) + danh từ Hoặc : S + have + (số lượng) + N
=>-Thì bỏ there be , Because of + (số) + N
Because there was an accident, we can’t go to work on time
=> Because of an accident, we can’t go to work on time
Quy tắc 5) Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ chỉ người + động từ + trạng từ
=> Đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, V thành danh từ ,trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ
Because He behaved politely, many girls like him
=> Because of his polite behavior, many girls like him
EXERCISE 1 Combine these sentences using BECAUSE/ AS/ SINCE:
0 I’m going to the post office I have some postcards to send
-> I’m going to the post office because/ as/ since I have some postcards to send
1 Jane was worried She stayed at home alone
………
2 Tom couldn’t get the job He was not confident during the interview
………
3 I have to work extra hours I want to help support my family
………
4 We adore him He is very talented
………
5 She has to depend on us She is an orphan
………
6 I enjoy reading books They help broaden my knowledge of the world
………
7 Don’t believe him He is always being a liar
………
8 I haven’t finished my assignment yet I don’t have enough materials
………
9 You must do it right now It’s very urgent
………
10 I feel attracted to her Her voice is very sweet
………
EXERCISE 2 Supply either BECAUSE or BECAUSE OF :
1 It was difficult to deliver the letter ……… the wrong address
2 We have to cut down on our driving ……….there is an oil shortage
Trang 63 Rescue attempts were temporarily stopped ……… the bad weather.
4 They visited their friends often ……….they enjoyed their company
5 Paul could not go to the football game ………his illness
6 Marcella was awarded a scholarship ………her superior ability
7 Nobody ventured outdoors ………the hurricane warnings
8 We plan to spen our vacation in the mountains……….the air is purer there
9 We have to drive around the bay ………the bridge was destroyed in the storm
10 The chickens have died ……… the intense heat
EXERCISE 13.Join the following pairs of sentences using because and because of:
1 He didn’t go to school It was raining
-> He didn’t go to school because it was raining.
-> He didn’t go to school because of the rain.
2 The student arrived late There was a traffic jam
………
3 We decided to leave early The party was boring ………
4 It was a public holiday All the shops were shut ………
5 I lost my job I was ill ………
III Câu đề nghị, câu mời 1 S + suggest + (that ) + S2 + should + Vo (chỉ S2 làm) 2 S + suggest + Ving (S1 và S2 cùng làm) 3 Why don’t we + Vo (S1 và S2 cùng làm) 4 Why don’t you + Vo ( chỉ S2 làm) 5 Let’s + Vo (S1 và S2 cùng làm) 6 What about + Ving (S1 và S2 cùng làm) 7 How about + Ving (S1 và S2 cùng làm) EXERCISE 1: Use the correct verb form : 1 Lan suggested ……… to the zoo on the weekend (go) 2 The movie is not interesting How about ……… to the concert ? (go) 3 You don’t like Chinese food What about ……… English food ? (eat) 4 Our teacher suggests ……… a meeting to discuss the problem (hold) 5 Her former leader suggested that she ……… harder for the exam (train) 6 I suggest that fans ……… instead of air conditioners (use) 7 Would you like ……… milk or water ? (drink) 8 What is the purpose of ……… energy-saving bulbs ? (use) 9 Tom suggested ……… to the zoo by his father (take) 10 Our class suggested that the leader ……… very good and patient (be) EXERCISE 2: Rewrite these sentences : 1 Shall we use gas instead of burning coal ? I suggest ………
2 Shall we play badminton ? How ………
3 What about buying energy-saving bulbs ? Shall ………
4 Let’s use electricity economically Why don’t ………
5 Why don’t you ask her yourself ? I suggest you ………
6 I suggest decorating our classroom again →I suggest our ………
7 What about organizing a charity event to raise money ? I suggest a charity ………
8 I suggest that helmet should be used to protect our heads What ………
9 Let’s organize a cultural festival to celebrate Lunar New Year I suggest a ………
10 I suggest unused clothes should be collected for the victims →What about ………
11 “Why not take the garbage to recycling centers ?” said the local authorities The local authorities suggested garbage ………
12 “Shall we go to the English speaking club ?” Andrew said Andrew suggested ………
13 “Why don’t you put an advertisement in this local newspaper ?” they said to me They suggested that an advertisement ………
14 “Why don’t you repair the electric fan, Nam” Ba asked →Ba suggested ………
15 “Let’s not tell anyone until we are certain that the report is true”, said Tom
Trang 7Tom suggested ………