Note: hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: . hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school. . hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework. She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends. Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Trang 1LÝ THUYẾT VÀ BÀI TẬP CÁC CHUYÊN ĐỀ NGỮ PHÁP ÔN THI
TUYỂN SINH LỚP 10 CONTENTS
PART 1 : GRAMMAR PRACTICE 2
Topic 1 : Tenses of the verb 2
Topic 2 : Forms of the verb 6
Topic 3 : The Passive voice .12
Topic 4 : Reported Speech 16
Topic 5 : Wish sentences .21
Topic 6 : Conditional Sentences .23
Topic 7 : Tag question .28
Topic 8 : Adverbs, Adjectives and Comparisons 31
Topic 9 : Phrases and Clause of 37
PURPOSE 37
RESULT .39
REASON AND CONCESSION 42
Topic 10 : Connectives 47
Topic 11 : Making suggestions 52
Topic 12 : Relative Clauses 53
Topic 13 : Phrasal verbs 60
Topic 14 : Prepositions 62
Topic 15 : Some important structures to rewrite sentences 69
PART 2 : MIXED EXERCISES 73
I Indentifying mistakes .73
II Verb tenses and forms 75
III Word form 76
IV Sentence transformation 78
MUPTIPLE CHOICE 81
READING 95
KEY ASNWERS 123
GRAMMAR PRACTICE TOPIC 1 : TENSES OF THE VERBS
(Các thì của động từ)
Trang 2- She often goes to
- dự định sẽ thực hiệntrong tương lai gần
- hành động có tính chất tạm thời
- at the moment, now, right now, at present
thường không dùng với
thì tiếp diễn: like, dislike, hate, love, want, prefer, admire, believe,
understand, remember, forget, know, belong, have, taste, smell, ….
- I can’t answer the
phone I’m having a
bath
- She is going to the
cinema tonight
- He often goes to work by car, but
today he is taking a
bus
PRESENT PERFECT
(HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
+: S + has / have +V3/ed
-: S + has/have + not +V3/ed
?: Has / Have + S + P.P?
- hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và cóthể tiếp tục trong tương lai
- hành động vừa mới xảy ra
- lately, recently (gần đây)
- so far, up to now, up to the present (cho tới bây giờ)
- already, ever, never, just, yet, for, since
- một thói quen trongquá khứ
- yesterday, last week, last month, …ago, in
(QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN)
+: S + was were + Ving
-: S + was /were + not +Ving
?: Was / Were + S + Ving…?
- hành động đang xảy
ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
- hai hành động cùng xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ
- at that time, at (9 o’clock) last night, at thistime (last week),
- He was doing his
homework at 8 o’clock last night
- The children were playing football
while their mother
was cooking the
meal
PAST PERFECT
(QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH - hành động xảy ra trước hành động khác
hoặc trước một thời
- already, ever, never, before, by, by the time, after, until, when, …
- When I arrived at
the party, they had already left.
Trang 3- một quyết định được đưa ra vào lúc nói
- tomorrow, next, in
2012, …
- I think / guess
- I am sure / I am not sure
- He will come back
- hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ:
hành động ngắn dùng thì quá khứ đơn, hành động dài dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ex: Yesterday morning, I met my friend while I was going to school.
hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì quá khứ đơn
Ex: She went out with her friends after she had finished her homework.
She had finished her homework before she went out with her friends.
Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề thời gian:
Main clause (Mệnh đề chính)
Adverbial clause of time (Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian)
Present tenses Present tenses
Future tenses Present tenses
1 TLĐ + until / when / as soon as + HTĐ I will wait here until she comes back
2 TLĐ + after + HTHT He will go home after he has finished his work
3 while / when / as + QKTD, QKĐ While I was going to school, I met my friend.
4 QKĐ + while / when / as + QKTD
It (start) - to rain while the boys (play) - football
5 QKTD + while + QKTD
Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games
6 HTHT + since + QKĐ I (work) - here since I (graduate) -.
7 After + QKHT, QKĐ After I had finished my homework, I (go) - to bed.
8 Before / By the time + QKĐ + QKHT
Before she (have) - dinner, she (write) - letter
Supply the correct VERB TENSE :
1 The coffee was all right, but the cream (be)……… sour
2 He has a piano and a violin, but he (not have)………….a flute
3 I (be)……….there when you arrive
4 They were still waiting when I ( get)……… there
5 He has worked very hard since he ( be)………here
6 We have just come in when you (call)…………
7 We’ll have already gone before you (get )………back
8 We decided to go home because it ( be )……….very late
9 We have been very busy while they ( be)………… here
10 I haven’t seen him since he (arrive)…………
Trang 411 He works on Sundays so that he (can)………earn money to pay his tuition.
12 I (be)……… busy since we last met
13 I’m very fond of Jane but I (not see)……….much of her lately
14 There (be)……… no guests at all since I left?
15 I never(see)………….anyone more beautiful than your wife
16 I (meet)……… your husband this afternoon at the station
17 He solved the problem more quickly than I (do)…………
18 This one of the best books that I (ever read)………
19 She has already telephoned the people who (come)………tomorrow
20 I’ll never forget the kindness that you (show)………me
21 She left her home last week and nobody (see)……….her since
22 The video film is so interesting that I (see)…………it twice
23 It is the first time I (meet)……… him here
24 The video film was so interesting that I (see)…………it twice
25 It was the first time they (ever meet)………
26 The news (be)………quite alarming yesterday
27 We (not live)……… in England for two years now
28 I (never forget) ……… what you (just tell) ………….me
29 They (prepare)………… the Christmas dinner at the moment
30 When I last (stay)……… in Cairo, I (ride)………to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow)
………… the day before
31 Our teacher (tell)……… us yesterday that he (visit)………England in 1970
32 George (work)………at the university so far
33 When he lived in Manchester, he (work)……… in a bank
34 Birds (build)………their nests in the summer and (fly)…….to the south in winter
35 I (lose)………my key Can you help me look for it?
36 My father (not smoke)……….for 5 years
37 My teacher wasn’t at home when I (arrive)…………He (just go)…….out
38 How long Bold and Mary (be)…………married?
39 You (receive)……….any letter from your parents yet?
40 My brother (join)…………the army when he (be)……….young
41 I (see)…… a car accident while I (wait)……… for you at this corner yesterday
42 Mr John (be)……… principal of our school since last year
43 Mr Smith (teach)……….at this school since he (graduate)……… in 1990
44 My father (not watch)……….TV every night
45 I (meet)……… Arthur 3 weeks ago
46 Yesterday the police (report)…………that they (capture)……… the thief
47 My friend (thank)………me for what I had done for him
48 Someone (steal)………… my handbag on the bus
49 The Browns (live)…… in Paris for 7 years when the second world war (break)……… out
50 Last month I (be)……….in the hospital for ten days
51 Don’t call me in the afternoon I usually (be)……… away in the afternoon
52 John (drive)……… that car ever since I (know)……….him
53 People (speak)……….English in most of Canada
54 The dog (wag)………his tail whenever he (see)………me
55 I (never see)…………anyone more punctual than your brother
56 I (meet)…… your brother this afternoon at Green Street
57 He (light)……… a cigarette and (walk)………to the window
58 The performance (begin)………….at 7 o’clock and (last)……… for 3 hours
59 “You (be)…….here before? ” - Yes, I (spend)…… my holidays here last year
Trang 560 He (leave)…………for London 2 years ago and I (not see)…… him since.
61 You (be)………to the laboratory this week?
62 By the time you (finish)………… cooking they (do)……… their homework
63 I don’t think he (change)………in the thirty years I (know)…… him
64 Then about a year ago he (disappear)………….and I (never hear)……… from him since
65 My father (fight)………… for 4 years in the last war
66 I’m taking my daughter out tonight She (not have)………… fun for a long time
67 When I (look)………… at my suitcase, I could see that somebody (try)……….to open it
68 When we (get)………… to the restaurant, we (find)……….that nobody (remember)……… to reserve a table
69 As soon as she arrived England, she (find)…… that the language (be)……quite different from the English that she (learn)……… at school
70 I’m going to bed I (work)……… for hours and I’m tired
71 I wanted to be the first to tell her the news, but I was too late Someone (already tell)………her
72 He (come) ………in to the room a moment after I (get)…… there
73 I hardly (be)………there 5 minutes when Mrs Brown (come)…………in with the coffee
74 Scarcely they (move)……… into the new house when their friends (come)…… in
75 I (meet)……… John before I (be)……… a fortnight in Paris
76 He no sooner (reach)…… the door than he (come)…….back
77 He (have) ……… a bad fall while he (repair)………his roof
78 It’s no using getting inpatient The plane (not arrive)…… until the weather (clear)……up
79 Don’t worry We (finish)……… …… the report by 11
80 Listen to this ! I think this news ( surprise)…………you
81 The Ajax shoe company (employ)…… 25 new men next month
82 We must take umbrella It (rain)………
83 Wood usually (float)………… on the water
84 Look out! The ceiling (fall)………in
85 At school, We (learn)…… two foreign languages
86 As a boy , I (always read)………….I always (have)……… my nose in a book
87 By the time I (recover)……… from the shock he (disappear)………round the corner
88 I am going to write John as soon as I (have)……….spare moment
89 The thief was arrested as he (leave)……… the bank
90 We (send)……… the money as soon as the goods are delivered
91 Before we (go)……very far we found that we (lose)……… our way
92 By the end of this year I (be)………… here for fifteen years
93 After I (hear)……… the news yesterday evening I (hurry)………… to see him
94 I (not give)………another cake till you (finish)……….your milk
95 I’m busy at the moment I (decorate)……….the living room
96 This is the house that Jack (build)……… three years ago
97 Mary (have)……… dinner when her friend called
98 John (live)……… in the same house since he left school
99 Shut all the windows before you (go)……….out
100 Up to now, the teacher (give)……… our class 5 tests
TOPIC 2 : FORMS OF THE VERBS
(Các dạng của động từ)
I Bare infinitives( nguyên mẫu không ‘to’) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
- Sau modal verbs: can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, be able to, have to, used to
- Sau các động từ : make( trong câu chủ động), let, would rather, had better
Ex: -She makes me feel happy
Trang 6- Sau các động từ tri giác: see, hear, notice, smell, taste, fell
Ex:- You had better think carefully before making a decision
II To- infinitives (nguyên mẫu có ‘to’) được sử dụng trong các trường hợp sau:
S + V + to-V To -infinitives còn được dùng trong các công thức sau:
1 ask (hỏi , yêu cầu)
20 beg (nài nỉ , van xin)
21 claim (đòi hỏi)
22 demand (yêu cầu)
23 fail (thất bại)
it + take + O + (time) + to-inf
Ex: It takes me an hour to do this homework.
S + V+ how/ what/when/where/which + to-inf.
Ex: I don’t know how to answer this question.
it + be + adj + (for-O) + to-inf
Ex: It ís not easy to speak English fluently.
S+ V + adj/adv + ENOUGH + to-inf
Ex: She is old enough to go to school alone.
S+ V + TOO + adj/adv + to-inf
Ex: That boy is too young to go to school by motorbike
III Gerund ( V-ing- danh động từ)
(quen dần với…) + be busy (bận rộn)
+ be worth (xứng đáng)+ look forward to(trông mong)+ have difficulty/ fun/ trouble
Trang 7Ex: They spend money buying apartment.
Note : Các trường hợp dùng V-ing hoặc to-inf nhưng mang nghĩa khác nhau:
Stop to V: có nghĩa là: dừng lại để làm một việc gì dó
Ving ~ give up: Bỏ thôi không làm một việc gì đó
Forget to V: quên làm gì đó
Ving: Quên là đã làm gì
Regret to V: tiếc nuối
Ving: Hối hận là đã làm gì
Remember V – ing: nhớ việc đã xảy ra
To-V: nhớ việc chưa xảy ra/ cần phải làm
Try V – ing: thử làm một việc gì
To –V: cố gắng làm một việc gì
Go on to -V : tiếp tục làm việc khác
V-ing : tiếp tục việc đang làm
Prefer + V-ing to V-ing: thích cái gì hơn cái gì
+S vật+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (bị động)
+S người+ need + to-inf: cần (chủ động)
Ex: I need to wash my car.
My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed.
+ Cấu trúc nhờ vả:
S + have + O người + V1 + O vật
S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)
S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật
S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)
I Use the correct verb form
1 Tourists could see fish (swim)……… along the brook
2 We enjoy (swim) ……… along this river
3 The form teacher has asked Jack (write) ………an essay on the Thames
4 It sometimes may be difficult (get) ……… a taxi during rush- hours
5 The principal noticed those pupils (try) ……… harder and harder
6 Children have just stopped ( play) ……… football
7 They keep (talk) ……… about an old friend they met yesterday
8 They’ve finished (do) ……… their homework
9 I advised him (wait) ……… for me at the airport
10 Would you mind (help) ……… me with this work?
11 Do you smell something (burn) ……… in the kitchen?
12 Mother requests her daughter not (come) ………back home late
13 We shall have the grass (cut)……… tomorrow
14 They noticed lots of sheep (graze) ……… in green meadows
Trang 815 Would you like (have) ……… something to eat?
16 It started (rain) ……… an hour ago Has it stopped (rain) ……… yet?
17 My family is trying (decide)………where to go on holiday
18 Our teacher made me (answer)……… all the questions
19 I’ve enjoy (meet) ……… you I hope (see) ……… you again
20 I hate (see) ……… a child (cry)………
21 They prefer ( play)……… in swimming pool all day
22 They refuse (go)……… out on trips if it’s too hot
23 I used (smoke)……… 20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up (smoke) …………
24 We decided (rent)……… a house with a swimming pool
25 Can you help me (get) ……… the dinner ready?
26 When we arrived, the people next door invited us (have)………a drink with them
27 We began (talk)……… about next year’s holiday two months ago
28 I remember (lock)………… the door when I left but forgot (shut) ………… the window
29 He agrees (start)……… the job as soon as possible
30 I finished (read)……… the book and went to bed
31 My teachers always expected me (do)……… well in exams
32 Let me (pay) ……… for the meal You paid last time
33 I used (smoke)……… 20 cigarettes a day, but now I give up (smoke)…………
34 We decided (rent)……… a house with a swimming pool
35 Can you help me (get)……… the dinner ready?
36 When we arrived, the people next door invited us (have)………a drink with them
37 We began (talk)……… about next year’s holiday two months ago
38 I remember (lock)………… the door when I left but forgot ( shut) ………… the window
39 I finished (read)……… the book and went to bed
40 My teachers always expected me (do)……… well in exams
41 It’s difficult (get) ………used to (eat) ……… with chopsticks
42 Gravity keeps the moon ……… around the earth instead of ……… off into space.(travel / shoot)
43 If you go on ……… the dog ……… after cars, he’ll end by ……… run over (let / run / be)
44 There is no point ……… about the bill (worry)
45 In order ……… ……… with bird flu, Ba suggested that chicken shouldn’t
……… (avoid / infect / eat)
46 He is too ill ……… anything (do)
47 He should be advised ……… a lot of milk (drink)
48 We remember ……… him before (meet)
49 They don’t allow ……… in the auditorium, they don’t want ………
……… it on fire (smoke / risk / set)
50 That boy was used to ……… from school by his mother (collect)
51 Do you know the man ………at the door ? (stand)
52 You should consider ……… on a picnic at the weekend (go)
53 She didn’t enjoy ……… by his neighbors (help)
54 On the way home, Long often stops ……… a newspaper (buy)
55 I tried ……… to take part in that competition essay (convince)
II.Choose the best answer :
1 We are looking forward _ you again soon
A to see B to seeing C saw D have seen
2 My mother was afraid to let the boy _ the tree
A to risk climbing B to risk to climb C risk climbing D risk to climb
Trang 93 I remember _ but he said I did not.
A to buy him a book B buy him a book
C buying him a book D to have bought him a book
4 Remember _ john a present today is his birthday
A send B to send C sent D sending
5 I suggest _ some more mathematical puzzles
6 Would you mind _ the door?
A open B to open C opening D opened
7 You should give up _ or you will die of cancer
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D smoked
8 The driver stopped _ a coffee because he felt sleepy
9 That old man tried to stop _ because of his bad health
10 There is nothing prevent us from the mystery of that palace
A discover B discovery C discovering D discoveries
11 Mr Thomas does not allow people _ in his office
A smoke B to smoke C smoked D smoking
12 We are not allowed _ in that restricted area
A to enter B enter C entering D to entered
13 You had better _ at home until you feel better
A stay B to stay C staying D stayed
14 The machine needs _
A B & C are correct B to be repaired C repairing D to repair
15 I couldn’t help _ when I heard the story
A laughing B to laugh C laughed D.laugh
16 She used that money _ a new car
A.buy B buying C to buy D for buying
17 Rex hotel was the best place for us _
A stays B staying C to stay D stay
18 You can’t stop me from _ what I want
A doing B do C to do D that I do
19 Peter usually help his mother
A to do housework B do housework C with housework D.all are correct
20 I must go now I promise _ late
A not being B not to be C to not be D I won’t be
21 Can you manage _ the report in the morning?
A finishing / to write B to finish / writing
C finishing / writing D to finish / to write
22 Do you want with you or do you want to go alone?
A me coming B me to come C that I will come D that I come
23 I’m sure I locked the door I clearly remember _ it
A locking B to lock C to have locked D to be locked
24 She tried to be serious, but she couldn’t help
A laughing B to laugh C that she laughed D laugh
25 I like _ the kitchen as often as possible
A not cleaned B clean C to clean D that I clean
26 He tried to avoid my question
A answering B to answer C answer D how to answer
Trang 1027 Could you please stop _ so much noise?
A to make B make C making D to have make
28 I enjoy to music
A listen B to listen C listening D listened
29 Have you finished your hair yet?
A wash B washed C washing D to wash
30 If you walk into the road without looking, you risk _ knocked down
31 Jim is 65, but he isn’t going to retired yet He wants to carry on _
32 Hello! Fancy _ you here! What a surprise!
A to see B seeing C seen D see
33 I’ve put off _ the letters so many times I really must do it today
A write B to write C written D writing
34 What a stupid thing to do! Can you imagine anybody _
35 Sarah gave up to find a job in this country and decided to go abroad
A apply B to apply C applying D application
36 Suddenly he stopped the car in order
A smoke B to smoke C smoking D has smoked
37 I can’t bear this dirty room
A seeing B to see C seen D saw
38 Have you considered _ to live in another country?
A going B to go C gone D goes
39 Cathy suggested _ to the cinema
A went B not to go C not go D going
40 They caused her _ a lot
A cried B crying C to cry D cry
41 Paula quit _ alcohol three years ago
A to drink B drank C being drunk D drinking
42 We must do something We can’t go on _ like this
A to live B living C life D live
43 My mother rarely allows me _ things for myself
A to buy B bought C buy D buying
44 She admitted _ the money
A to steal B steals C steal D having stolen
45 It was late, so we decided a taxi home
A to take B taken C taking D was taken
46 Simon was in a difficult situation, so I agreed _ him some money
A lend B lending C to lend D lender
47 How old were you when you learnt ?
A how to drive B how driving C how drive D how drivers
48 I waved to Karen but I failed her attention
A to be attracted B to attract C attracting D attracted
49 We decided because of the bad weather
A not going out B not to go out C not go out D not gone
50 She always encouraged her son _
A to jog B jogged C is jogging D jogging
51 They seem _ plenty of money
A are having B to have C having D had
Trang 1152 I like Simon, but I think he tends _too much
A to talk B talking C talk D is talking
53 Ann pretended me as he passed me in the street
A not seeing B not to seen C not see D not to see
54 Do you understand _?
A what done B what doing C what to do D what do
55 Can somebody show me the film in this cinema?
A how to changed B how change C how changing D how to change
56 Don’t forget _ the letter I gave you
A to post B posting C post D posted
57 Jill didn’t afford _ a car
A buy B to buy C buying D bought
58 They had a boy that yesterday
A done B to do C did D do
59 We get our mail yesterday
A been delivered B delivered C delivering D to deliver
60 We’ve got a new computer in our office I haven’t learnt how it yet
A to operate B operating C operate D be operated
61 Tom hopes _ a solution soon
A to be found B finds C to find D finding
62 You must a lot of people here
A to know B knowing C know D known
63 This involves having a good memory and hard
A work B to work C worked D working
64 I would rather this job
A not taken B not take C not to take D not taking
65 I spent some time around the shops in Elizabeth street yesterday
TOPIC 3 : PASSIVE VOICE
(Câu bị động)
I CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S + BE + Ved/3+ BY + O
II CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ
Simple present V1 / Vs(es) Am / is / are + P.P
Present continuous Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being + P.P
Present perfect Has / have + P.P Has / have + been + P.P
Past continuous Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + P.P
Simple future Will / shall + V1 Will / shall + be + P.P
Future perfect Will/ shall + have + P.P Will / shall + have + been + P.P
Trang 12Note:
- Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O
- Nếu chủ từ trong câu chủ động là từ phủ định thì đổi sang câu bị động phủ định
- Các chủ từ someone, anyone, people, he, she, they … trong câu chủ động thì có thể bỏ “by + O” trong câu bị động
III SPECIAL CASES : (Các trường hợp đặc biệt)
1 Reporting verb with THAT clause : (Động từ tường thuật với mệnh dề THAT)
- Động từ tường thuật: say, claim, report, show
- Động từ chỉ ý kiến: think, believe, consider, expect, feel, hope, understand
Dạng 1 : Active: People/They + V1 + (that) + S + V2 Passive: It + be + Ved/cột 3(V1) + (that) + S + V2 Ex 1 : People believe that the weather is changing dramatically → It is believed that the weather is changing dramatically (Người ta tin rằng thời tiết sẽ thay đổi đáng kế.) Ex 2: They said that he served in the army → It was said that he served in the army (Người ta nói rằng ông ấy đã phục vụ trong quân đội.) Dạng 2: Active : S1 + V 1 + (that) S 2 + V 2 Passive : - S2 + be + Ved/cột 3(V1)+ to +V bare-inf(V1=V2 ) - S 2 + be + Ved/cột 3(V1)+ to +have + Ved/cột 3(V2>V1) Ex1 : We know that he is an honest man. -It is known that he is an honest man - He is known to be an honest man Ex 2: They say that the castle was built in the 19th century -The castle is said to have been built in the 19th century - It is said that the castle was built in the 19th century I Use the correct PASSIVE tense of these verbs in brackets : 1 An island ……… by water (cover) 2 I ……… to the party last night but I didn’t come (invite) 3 Many accidents ……… by reckless driving (cause) 4 A new dormitory ……… in the university campus now (build) 5 Thank goodness ! My jewelry ……… in the robbery last night (steal / not) 6 If I didn’t do my job properly, I ……… (sack) 7 The electric light bulb ……… by Thomas Edison (invent) 8 Mickey Mouse cartoons ……… in sixty languages (translate) 9 If it is foggy, that sport event ……… (cancel) 10 The examinees ……… the result of the examination next week (tell) 11 This machine ……… for quite a long time (not use) 12 The clever dog saved Lan and her family from ……… in the typhoon (catch) 13 I am looking forward to ……… fairly (treat) II Change these sentences to the passive voice : 1 My students have met their friend at the station ………
2 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home ………
3 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow ………
4 How many trees did they cut down ? ………
5 This well-known library attracts many people ………
Trang 136 All students attended the meeting ………
7 People say that he is intelligent ………
8 He can’t repair my bike ………
9 Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock ………
10 Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years ………
11 They didn’t look after the children properly ………
12 Nobody swept this street last week ………
13 People drink a great deal of tea in England ………
14 People speak English all over the world ………
15 Tom was writing 2 poems ………
16 She often takes her dog for a walk………
17 She didn’t introduce me to her mother ………
18 Farmers usually collect milk cows twice a day ………
19 Our teacher used to bid us talk in class ………
20 Workers were digging a large hole in the ground ………
21 The car knocked a woman down in the street ………
22 Cows were eating grass on the meadow ………
23 My cousin will meet you at the station ………
24 Visitors must leave umbrellas in the cloakroom ………
25 My mother used to make us clean the house ………
26 John hasn’t finished his homework ………
27 They suggested banning advertisements on TV ………
28 I will shut the door if you like ………
29 We have just seen a horrible accident ………
30 What language do people speak in this country? ………
31 At 7 p.m., Mrs Smith was making cakes ………
32 He isn’t going to buy that house ………
33 This terrorist has kept 3 hostages for a week ………
34 He hasn’t seen you for years ………
35 The examiner will read the passage 3 times ………
36 An earthquake destroyed the town ………
37 He didn’t type the letter last night ………
38 They will pick me up at my house ………
39 When did you see him in that bank? ………
40 A man returned the keys to me ………
41 Mary will see her friends off at the station ………
42 They have to pull down that building ………
43 He gave me a knife to cut this bread ………
44 They used to drink beer in England ………
45 She can sew 3 shirts a day ………
46 We consider that she is the best singer ………
47 Nobody has used this room for ages ………
48 I am translating an article into Vietnamese ………
49 People said he had swallowed a safety pin ………
50 Someone is following me ………
51 The State will assign our students to different jobs ………
52 She read the letter again and again last night ………
53 This is the first time they have written to us about this ………
54 How many lessons are you going to learn next month?
Trang 1579 People think that Tom stole food in the supermarket 3 days ago.
TOPIC 4: REPORTED SPEECH
(Câu tường thuật)
I Thay đổi ngôi (Đại từ nhân xưng, Đại từ sở hữu và Tính từ sở hữu)
1 Ngôi thứ nhất: dựa vào chủ từ của mệnh đề tường thuật; thường đổi sang ngôi thứ ba
I → He / She me → him / her my → his / her
We → They us → them our → their
2 Ngôi thứ hai: (You, your)
- Xét ý nghĩa của câu và đổi cho phù hợp, thường đổi dựa vào túc từ của mệnh đề tường thuật
3 Ngôi thứ ba (He / She / Him / Her / His / They / Them / Their): giữ nguyên, không đổi
II Thay đổi về thì trong câu:
Simple present - V1 /Vs(es)
Present progressive – am / is / are + V-ing
Present perfect – have / has + P.P
Present perfect progressive – have / has been +V-ing
Simple past – V2 / -ed
Past progressive – was / were + V-ing
Simple future – will + V1
Future progressive will be + V-ing
Simple past – V2 / V-ed Past progressive – was / were + V-ing Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive - had been + V-ing Past perfect – had + P.P
Past perfect progressive – had been +V-ing Future in the past - would + V1
Future progressive in the past - would be + V-ing III Thay đổi các trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn:
NowHereThis
ThenThereThat
Trang 16TheseTodayTonightYesterdayLast yearTomorrowNext monthAgo
ThoseThat dayThat nightThe day before / the previous dayThe year before / the previous yearThe following day / the next day / the day afterThe following month / the next month / the month afterBefore
BẢNG ĐẠI TỪ Subject Object Adjective possessive
IYouHeSheItWeThey
meyouhimheritusthem
Myyourhisheritsourtheir
CÁC THAY ĐỔI CỤ THỂ CHO TỪNG LOẠI CÂU TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP
1 Câu mệnh lệnh, câu đề nghị
- Mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Direct: S + V + O: “V1 + O …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + to + V1 + ….
Ex: He said to her: “Keep silent, please.” → He told her
- Mệnh lệnh phủ định:
Direct: S + V + O: “Don’t + V1 + …”
Indirect: S + asked / told + O + not + to+ V1 ….
Ex: The teacher said to the students: “Don’t talk in the class.”
→ The teacher
-2 Câu trần thuật
Direct: S + V + (O) : “clause”
Indirect: S + told / said + (O) + (that) + clause
Note: said to → told
Ex: Tom said, “I want to visit my friend this weekend.”
→ Tom said (that)
She said to me, “I am going to Dalat next summer.”
→ She told me (that)
-3 Câu hỏi
a Yes – No question
Direct: S + V + (O) : “Aux V + S + V1 + O….?”
Indirect: S + asked + O + if / whether + S + V + O ….
Ex: He asked: “Have you ever been to Japan, Mary?” → He asked Mary
“Did you go out last night, Tan?” I asked → I asked Tan
Trang 17-Change these sentences into reported speech
1 Daisy said : “ Please lend me your history book, Joana ”
Trang 20TOPIC 5 : WISH SENTENCES
(Câu ước)
Có 3 dạng câu mong ước:
- Mong ước không thật trong tương lai
KĐ: S+ wish(es) + S + would + V1
PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + wouldn’t + V1
Ex: I wish you would stop smoking.
- Mong ước không thật ở hiện tại:
KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + V2/-ed + O (to be: were / weren’t)
PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + didn’t + V1
Ex: Ben isn’t here I wish Ben were here
I wish I could swim
- Mong ước không thật ở quá khứ:
KĐ: S + wish(es) + S + had + V3/-ed
PĐ: S + wish(es) + S + hadn’t + V3/-ed
Ex: She failed her exam last year She wishes she hadn’t failed her exam
Note: S + wish(es) có thể thay bằng If only
Ex: I wish I weren’t so fat = If only I weren’t so fat.
I Use the correct verb form :
1 I wish I ……… one twin sister like my friend Sally (have)
2 My parents wish they ……… to the beach this weekend (go)
3 I’m fed up with the rain I wish it ……… (stop)
4 Jimmy wishes he ……… old enough to drive a car (be)
5 I wish I ……… go to the moon for a vacation (can)
6 I wish you ……… all the time (not complain)
7 He wished he ……… harder during the examination (work)
8 We wish it ……… raining now (not be)
9 She wishes he ……… a lie with her (not tell)
10 My father wishes I ……… the entrance 10 next month (pass)
11 She wishes her father ……… here to help her now (be)
12 I wish you ……… them my phone yesterday (not give)
13 I wish they ……… us when we were in the town (visit)
14 He wishes someone ……… him a work next month (give)
15 If only I ……… a trip to Hanoi next week (take)
16 We wished we ……… the teacher’s explanation yesterday (understand)
17 He missed an exciting sport program He wishes he ……… it (watch)
18 If only I ……… more time to finish this work (have)
19 I wish she ……… to see me yesterday (come)
20 I wish that someone ……… able to marry her (be)
II Write sentences beginning with I wish :
1 I haven’t got much money
Trang 21TOPIC 6 : CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
(Câu điều kiện)
1 Type 1: điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
S + V1 / V s(es)
(don’t / doesn’t + V1)
S + will / can/ may + V1 (won’t / can’t + V1)
2 Type 2: điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại
S + V-ed / V2
(didn’t + V1)
To be: were / weren’t
S + would / could / should + V1 (wouldn’t / couldn’t + V1)
3 Type 3: điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ
S + had + P.P
(hadn’t + P.P) S + would / could / should + have + P.P (wouldn’t / couldn’t + have + P.P)
Trang 224 Những cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện:
a Unless = If ….not
If you don’t work hard, you can’t earn enough money for your living.
= Unless
-b Without: không có = if … not
Without water, life wouldn’t exist
= If
-Note:
1 Có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng if hay unless bằng cách đảo ngữ
Were I rich, I would help you.
= If I were rich, I would help you
Had I known her, I would have made friend with her.
= If I had known her, I would have made friend with her
If you should run into Peter, tell him to call me
= Should you run into Peter, tell him to call me
2 Mệnh đề chính trong câu điều kiện loại 1 có thể là một câu đề nghị hoặc lời mời
If you see Peter at the meeting, please tell him to return my book
If you are free now, have a cup of coffee with me
3 Đổi từ if sang unless:
Khẳng định Khẳng định (động từ trong mệnh đề chính đổi sang phủ định)
Phủ định Khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không thay đổi)
Ex: If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster
Unless
If she doesn’t work harder, she will fail the exam
Unless
-6 Dạng câu: Mệnh lệnh + or + Clause
- If you don’t + V1, Clause
- If you aren’t + …, Clause
Ex: Be carefull or you will cut yourself If
Go away or I will call the police If
-I Use the correct form of the verbs in parentheses :
a) Type 1 :
1 If the weather ………… good next weekend, we ……… away somewhere (stay / go)
2 Come on ! If we ………, we ……… the bus (hurry / catch)
3 There ……… big floods every year if the cutting down of trees continues (be)
4 If there ……… too much litter in the streets, the environment will become polluted (be)
5 If the sea level ………, there will be many floods in many parts of the world (rise)
6 They will be late for the meeting if they ……… now (not leave)
7 If you aren’t careful, you ……… the plates (drop)
8 If anyone ……… me, please tell them I’m out (phone)
9 If crops ……… with pesticides, they ……… by insects in soil (spray / destroy)
10 If he ……… too much pesticide on vegetables, they will become edible (not use)
b) Type 2 :
1 If you ………… a king, what ……… ? (be / you-do)
2 You would feel better if you ……… a short rest (take)
3 If she ………… two years older, she ……… part in the contest (be / take)
4 They ……… angry if you didn’t inform him (be)
Trang 235 The teacher ………… disappointed if I ……… lazy like this (not be / not be)
6 What ……… if the moon ……… ? (happen / disappear)
7 If the cats had wings, they ……… able to fly (be)
8 If the streets ………, there ……… so many accidents (widen / not be)
9 If you broke the traffic law like him, you ……… a fine (get)
10 He ……… better if he ……… his hair dried (look / not have)
c) Type 3 :
1 If I ……… that you were in the hospital, I ……… you (know / visit)
2 I shouldn’t have believed it if I ……… with my own eyes (not see)
3 If you ……… ten minutes earlier, you ……… a seat (arrive / get)
4 If you ……… more slowly, they ……… you (speak / understand)
5 If he ……… the instructions carefully, he ……… in hot water (read / wash)
d) Mixed practice :
1) If I were you, I ……….( invite) Jack to the party
2) She would get 100 pounds if she ……… (sell) this old shelf
3) If they had enough money, they……… ( buy) a new car
4) If it………(rain), I will stay at home
5) If the weather……….(be) fine, the children can walk to school
6) We……….( pass) the exam if we studied harder
7) If Pat……… ( repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us
8) Walter……….( help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening
9) If you come with me, I ……….( do) the shopping with you
10) Our teacher will be happy if we ………(learn) the poem by heart
11) If we meet at 9:30, we……….(have) plenty of time
12) Lisa would find the milk if she……….( look) in the fridge
13) The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she……… (feed) the animals
14) If you spoke louder, your classmates………(understand) you
15) Dan……… (arrive) safe if he drove slowly
16) You……… (have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework
17) If you………( swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold
18) The door will unlock if you……….( press) the green button
19) If Mel……….(ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions
20) I………(call) the office if I were you
21) If we………( cycle) to Dresden, it will be a fantastic trip
22) I……….( miss) the school bus if I don't get up early
23) Harriet would stay longer in Vienna if she………( have) more time
24) She……… (support) the people in Peru if she bought her coffee beans in this shop
25) If I don't see Claire today, I……… (phone) her this evening
26) If Carlos……….( go) sailing, he'll need a life-jacket
27) If my brother……….( park) his car here, the traffic warden would give him a ticket
28) You'll catch a cold if you………(not wear) a pullover
29) If you drink more of this sweet lemonade, you……… (get) sick
30) If Marcus sings under the shower, I………(turn up) the radio up to full volume
31) If I……… ( go) to Leipzig, I'll visit the zoo
32) If it……….(not rain), we'd be in the garden
33) If you……… (wear) a lighter jacket, the car driver would have seen you earlier
34) We……….(watch) TV tonight if Peter hadn't bought the theatre tickets
Trang 2435) She wouldn't have had two laptops if she………(sign) the contract.
36) If I were a millionaire, I………(live) in Beverly Hills
37) You would save energy if you………( switch off) the lights more often
38) If we had read the book, we……… (understand) the film
39) My sister could get 10 marks if the teacher……….( explain) the grammar once more
40) They……….(arrive) on time if they hadn't missed the train
41) If it rains, the boys………(not play) hockey
42) If he……… (grow) his own vegetables, he wouldn't have to buy them
43) Jim……….(see) whisky destilleries if he travelled to Scotland
44) Would you go out more often if you……… (not have to do) so much in the house
45) She wouldn't have yawned the whole day if she……….(not stay up) late last night
46) If you……….( wait) a minute, I'll come with you
47) If we arrived at 10, we……….(miss) Tyler's presentation
48) We………(help) John if we'd known about his problems
49) If they……….(use) new batteries, their camera would have worked correctly
50) If I went anywhere, it……… (be) New Zealand
II Use UNLESS instead of IF :
1 If she doesn’t hurry, she’ll be late ………
2 If we had more rain, our crops would be better ………
3 If you don’t like this one, I will bring you another ………
4 If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
1 Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up ………
2 I don’t know the answer, so I can’t tell you ………
3 We got lost because we didn’t have the map ………
4 My friend was so late, so he missed the train ………
5 Be calm, or you’ll make a wrong decision ………
6 Today isn’t Sunday, so the students don’t go swimming
Trang 25TOPIC 7 : TAG QUESTION
(Câu hỏi đuôi)
1 Quy tắc chung:
- Câu nói và phần đuôi luôn ở dạng đối nhau
Ex: The children are playing in the yard, aren’t they?
They can’t swim, can they?
- Chủ từ của câu nói là đại từ, ta lặp lại đại từ này
Ex: She is a doctor, isn’t she?
- Chủ từ là danh từ, ta dùng đại từ tương ứng thay thế
Ex: People speak English all over the world, don’t they?
- Đại từ bất định nothing, everything: được thay bằng “it”
Ex: Everything is ready, isn’t it?
- Các đại từ no one, nobody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody: được thay bằng “they”
Ex: Someone called me last night, didn’t they?
- Đại từ this / that được thay bằng “it”; these / those được thay bằng “they”
Ex:That is his car, isn’t it?
These are your new shoes, aren’t they?
- “There” trong cấu trúc “there + be” được dùng lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: There aren’t any students in the classroom, are there?
- Câu nói có trợ động từ (will / can / shall / should / is / are …): trợ động từ được lặp lại ở phần đuôi
Ex: You will come early, won’t you?
- Câu nói không có trợ động từ: trợ động từ do / does / did được dùng ở phần đuôi
Ex: It rained yesterday, didn’t it?
She works in a restaurant, doesn’t she?
Câu khẳng định, đuôi phủ định?
Câu phủ định , đuôi khẳng định?
Trang 26- Câu nói có chứa các từ phủ định thì phần đuôi khẳng định
Ex: He never comes late, does he?
Note: Động từ trong phần đuôi ở phủ định thì luôn được viết ở dạng rút gọn.
2 Một số trường hợp đặc biệt:
- Phần đuôi của I AM là AREN’T I
Ex: I am writing a letter, aren’t I?
- Phần đuôi của Let’s là SHALL WE
Ex: Let’s go out tonight, shall we?
- Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
+ dùng phần đuôi WON’T YOU để diễn tả lời mời
+ dùng phần đuôi WILL / WOULD / CAN / CAN’T YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Have a piece of cake, won’t you?
Close the door, will you?
- Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định: dùng phần đuôi WILL YOU để diễn tả lời yêu cầu lịch sự
Ex: Please don’t smoke her, will you?
- Phần đuôi của ought to là SHOULDN’T
Ex: She ought to do exercise every morning, shouldn’t she?
I.Add a correct question tag to each sentence
1 You aren't afraid of snakes………?
2 Ann isn't at home……… ……?
3 You don't know French………?
4 Tom didn't see her………?
5 This isn't yours………?
6 Mary wasn't angry………?
7 Bill hasn't had breakfast………?
8 You won't tell anyone………?
9 I didn't wake you up………?
10 Tom doesn't like oysters………?
11 You don't want to sell the house………?
12 It doesn't hurt………?
13 People shouldn't drink and drive………?
14 You aren't going alone………?
15 They couldn't pay the rent………?
16 You don't agree with Bill………?
17 There wasn't a lot to do………?
18 I needn't say anything………?
19 That wasn't Ann on the phone………?
20 You didn't do it on purpose………?
21 This won't take long………?
22 She doesn't believe you………?
23 It didn't matter very much………?
24 Mary couldn't leave the children alone………?
25 You aren't doing anything tonight………?
26 You wouldn't mind helping me with this………?
27 George hadn't been there before………?
28 The children weren't surprised………?
29 You wouldn't like another drink………?
30 Tom doesn't have to go to lectures………?
31 Bill hasn't got a car………?
Trang 2732 Bill couldn't have prevented it………?
33 I needn't wait any longer………?
34 There weren't any mosquitoes………?
35 The fire wasn't started deliberately ………?
36 The children can read French………?
37 He's ten years old………?
38 Bill came on a bicycle………?
39 The Smiths have got two cars………?
40 Your grandfather was a millionaire………?
41 Tom should try again………?
42 It could be done………?
43 Your brother's here………?
44 That's him over there………?
45 George can leave his case here………?
46 This will fit in your pocket………?
47 His wife has headaches quite often………?
48 She's got lovely blue eyes………?
49 The twins arrived last night………?
50 Mary paints portraits………?
51 Bill puts the money in the bank………?
52 Prices keep going up………?
53 I've seen you before………?
54 Bill's written a novel………?
55 His mother's very proud of him………?
56 The twins used to play rugby………?
57 Tom might be at home now………?
58 We must hurry………?
59 You'd been there before………?
60 You'd like a drink………?
61 The boys prefer a cooked breakfast………?
62 Mary ought to cook it for them………?
63 That was Ann on the phone………?
64 The Smiths need two cars………….……?
65 He used to eat raw fish………….………?
66 You'd better wait for Bill………?
67 You'd come if I needed help………?
68 You could come at short notice………?
69 You take sugar in tea………?
70 But you don't take it in coffee………?
71 The lift isn't working today………
72 It never works very well………?
73 The area was evacuated at once ………?
74 There was no panic ………?
75 Though everybody realized the danger…… …………?
76 There was a lot of noise……… ……?
77 But nobody complained………?
78 Mary hardly ever cooks………?
79 She buys convenience foods………?
80 She'd save money if she bought fresh food………?
81 Mr Smith usually remembered his wife's birthdays………?
Trang 2882 But he didn't remember this one………?
83 And his wife was very disappointed………
84 He ought to have made a note of it………?
85 Neither of them offered to help you………?
86 They don't allow pet dogs in this shop………?
87 But guide dogs can come in………?
88 He hardly ever leaves the house………?
89 That isn't Bill driving………?
90 Nothing went wrong………?
91 Lions are loose in this reserve………?
92 It'd be unpleasant to be attacked by a lion………….……?
93 He is never at home on Sunday, ………?
94 It is a pity Ann didn't come with us………?
95 Lives were lost unnecessarily………?
96 There used to be trees here………
97 There isn't any point in waiting………?
98 He'll hardly come now………?
99 You’ ve already done your homework,……….?
100 They don’t walk regularly,………?
TOPIC 8 : ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS & COMPARISONS
(Tính từ, trạng từ và các dạng so sánh)
1 Tính từ:
- Đứng trước danh từ: adj + N
Ex: She is a good teacher
- Sau động từ to be
Ex: He is handsome
- Sau các động từ liên kết như: become, get, feel, look, seem, taste, smell, sound,…
Ex: My mother looks tired
- Trước enough
Ex: Nam is old enough to drive a car
- Trong cấu trúc so + adj + that
2 Trạng từ:
- Đứng sau động từ thường
Ex: John drives carefully
- be + adv + V3/-ed
Ex: The ship was badly damaged by the storm
- Một số từ vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ: fast (nhanh), hard, early, late (trễ)
Trang 29S + V + MORE + adj / adv + THAN + …
Good / well better the best
Bad / badly worse the worst
Far further the furthest
farther the farthest
Much / many more the most
Little less the least
Happy happier the happiest
Lazy lazier laziest Clever cleverer the cleverest
Narrow narrower the narrowest
I.Use the correct tense or form of the words in parentheses :
1 Most of the students did ……… on their test Their test results were ………… (good)
2 James looked very (sad) ……… because she lost the game
3 The children seemed ……… They played ……… in the garden (happy)
4 He is a ……… man He always drives ……… (careful)
5 The weather was so ……… yesterday (awful)
6 I can’t remember ……… what happened (clear)
7 I was disappointed that I did so ……… in the exam (bad)
8 It was raining ……… so we stayed at home (heavy)
9 Mary speaks English very ……… (fluent)
10 Nam is a ……… student (good)
II Use the correct kind of comparison form of adjectives and adverbs :
1 Your house is ……… than my house (big)
2 These books are ……… than those books (thick)
3 Hoi An Ancient Town is the ……… town in Vietnam (old)
4 The Great Wall of China is the world’s ……… structure (long)
5 Nam is ……… than Ba He is ……… boy in class 6A (tall)
6 This girl is ……… than that girl (clever)
7 Mary is ……… as her sister (pretty)
8 The Nile River is the ……… river in the world (long)
9 A new house is ……… than an old one (expensive)
10 We’ve had ……… difficulty with this part than that one (little)
11 His English is ……… of these students (good)
12 Mount Everest is ……… mountain in the world (high)
13 Travelling by air or car, which is ……… ? (interesting)
14 It’s too noisy here Can we go somewhere ……… ? (quiet)
15 Hanoi is ……… than Ho Chi Minh City (small)
16 PETRONAS Twins Towers are ……… than Sears Towers (tall)
17 Thanks to the progress of science, our life is becoming ………… and ………… (good)
18 In order to get good marks, we have to do ……… practice (far)
19 John is much ……… than I thought (strong)
Trang 3020 Mr Kelly is ……… man in that organization (popular)
III Rewrite these sentences, keeping the original meaning:
1. My house is bigger than your house
→Your house is
2. The black car is cheaper than the red car
→The red car
3. This film is more interesting than that one
7. I can’t cook as well as my mother
→ My mother can cook
8. He does not play tennis as well as Jack
12 This is the most interesting film of all.
→ No other films are
13 No cars in the world are more expensive than Japanese ones.
Japanese cars
14 This exercise is easier than that one.
→ That exercise is not
15 He drives more carefully than Jack does.
→ Jack
16 No one in the group plays better than he.
→ He can
17 No hotel in the city is as comfortable as this.
→ This hotel is the
18 Other oceans in the world aren’t as large as the Pacific one.
→ The Pacific Ocean is
IV Choose the best answer among A, B, C or D to complete each sentence
1 Ms Jones isn't as nice Ms Smith
2 The rooms in Graduate Towers are Patterson Hall
A larger than B larger than that of
C larger than those in D larger than in
3 Although she is very popular, she is not her sister
4 Tuition at an American university runs …… six thousand dollars a semester
A so high as B as high to C as high as D as high than
5 Everyone looks much today than they did yesterday
Trang 31A happy B more happily C happily D happier
6 Mr Brown receives a salary than anyone else in the company
A big B more bigger C bigger D the bigger
7 The Boeing 747 is twice the Boeing 707
8 "Do you know that beautiful lady over there?" "Yes, that's Wanida She's in her group.
A more beautiful than any girl
B more beautiful than any other girl
C so beautiful as other girl
D beautiful more than another girl
9 My young brother grew very quickly and soon he was my mother
A more big than B so big than C as big as D too big than
10 He is not ………tall as his father
11 John’s grades are ……… than his sister’s
A higher B more high C high D the highest
12 Deana is the ……… of the three sisters
A most short B shorter C shortest D more short
13 She speaks English as ……… as her friend does
14 Of the three shirts, this one is the ………
A prettier B most prettiest C prettiest D most pretty
15 The baby’s illness is ……… than we thought at first
16 Today is the ……… day of the month
A hot B hotter C hottest D hottest than
17 He works more ……… than I
18 My book is as ……… as yours
A good B well C better D the best
19 I love you ……… than I can say
20 It’s ……… to go by bus than by car
21 That house is ……… one on the street
A oldest B the oldest C old D older
22 This hotel must be ……… than the small one next door
C the most expensive D the more expensive
23 An orange is ……… than a plum
A more large B more larger C larger D the largest
24 What is the ……… thing you have ever done?
C difficulty D difficult than
25 This river is than that river
26 The test is not ………….… difficult ……… it was last month
Trang 32A as / as B so / as C more / as D A and B
27 Peter usually drives ……… Mary
A more fast B more fast than C faster than D B and C
28 My brother sang of all the pupils of the group
A more beautifully B the most beautifully
C less beautifully D most beautifully
29 At 3,810 meters above sea level in Bolivia stands Lake Titicaca, …… in the world.
A the highest large lake B largest high lake
C high largest lake D the high largest lake
30 The hotel was any one we had stayed at before
A more expensive than B more expensive as
C most expensive than D better expensive than
31 A: It's a long way from Britain, isn't it?
B: Yes, but it isn't as as Hong Kong
32 A: It's hot there, isn't it? B: It's very during the day
A hot B hotter C hottest D hotter than
33 Japan is usually Saudi Arabia in summer
A hot than B as hot so C cooler than D so hot as
34 apples are grown in Washington State
A Best B The better C The best D The most good
35 She is now she used to
A more busy than B busier than
C more busier than D busier that
36 This play is than the one we saw last week
A as good B good C more good D better
37 Of Charles Dickens’ novels, Great Expectations is perhaps to many readers
A the most satisfying one B most satisfying one
C more than satisfying one D the more satisfying than
38 He says: “These neighbors are the others.”
A friendlier than B friendly than
C friendlier as D more friendly than
39 The Mississippi is The Thames
A the longer than B longer than
C the longest than D more long than
40 tools are screwdrivers, hammers and saws
A The usefulness B The most useful
C The more useful D The best useful
41 Some computers can work 500,000 times any person can
A faster than B fast than C fatter than D more fast than
42 This pen is the other two pens
A more expensive as B the most expensive of
C more expensive than D as expensive than
43 The exam was quite easy; we expected.
A more easy that B more easy than
C easier than D easier as
44 The story was really boring It was I’ve ever read.
A most boring story B the more boring story
C the story more boring D the most boring story
45 The picture he gave you is more valuable the one he gave me
Trang 33A over B above C to D than
46 Australia’s one of the places in the world for holiday
47 Nam runs than any boy in his class
A faster B more faster C the fastest D fastest
48 The Sears Tower is ……… building in Chicago
C the tallest D taller and taller
49 Peter is ……… John
A younger and more intelligent than
B more young and intelligent than
C more intelligent and young than
D the more intelligent and younger than
50 The Mekong Delta is ……… deltas in Vietnam
A the largest of the two B the more larger of the two
C one of the two largest D one of the two larger
TOPIC 9 : PHRASES AND CLAUSES
(Mệnh đề và cụm từ)
A PHRASE AND CLAUSE OF PURPOSE
I/ Clauses and phrases of purpose (mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ mục đích):
1 Để chỉ mục đích ta dùng 1 số cụm từ sau: to V, in order to, so as to.
Vto not Vto
In order to + V- inf hoặc phủ định in order not to + V-inf
So as to so as not to
Ex :I try to study to pass my next exam.
I try to study in order to pass my next exam.
I try to study so as to pass my next exam.
2 mệnh đề chỉ mục đích được dùng với so that/in order that
S + V + so that/in order that + S + can/ could/ will/ would + V-inf
I try to study so that/in order that I can pass my next exam
I Rewrite these sentences, using CLAUSE OF PURPOSE :
1 We hurried to school so as not to be late
Trang 3410 We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world so as to develop our national money
………
II Rewrite these sentences, using PHRASE OF PURPOSE :
1 Leave early so that you may get home before dark
III Use phrase or clause of purpose to combine each pairs of these sentences :
1. The boy stood on the chair He wanted to get better view
Trang 35S + V + Adj/ Adv + enough (for+O) + to V
S + V + not + Adj/Adv + enough (for+O) + to V
Ex : He is tall enough to reach the top shelf.
I didn’t run fast enough to catch up the bus
* TOO TO: quá không thể
S + V + too + Adj/Adv + ( for + O) + to V + O
Ex : He is too short to play basket ball.
2.Mệnh đề chỉ kết quả: là mệnh đề phụ dùng để chỉ kết quả do mệnh đề chính gây ra
* SO……THAT: Qúa đến nổi
S + V + so + Adj / Adv + that + S + V + O
Ex : She speaks English so quickly that we can’t understand her.
Có thể dùng với danh từ:
SO many + Nđđ + that + S + V
SO much + Nkđđ + that + S + V
* SUCH…… THAT: qúa đến nổi
It + be + such + a/an + Adj + N + that + S + V
They + be + such + Adj + Ns + that + S + V
Ex : The exercise is very difficult so we can’t finish.
= The exercise is so difficult that we can’t finish.
= It is such a difficult exercise that we can’t finish
Nếu S1 là vật mà O2 nhắc lại vật đó và dùng với từ “it”:
Trong cấu trúc: So/ such … that, ta giữ lại từ “it”
Trong cấu trúc: Too … to; enough … to ta bỏ từ “it”.
Ví dụ:
The water was so cold that the children couldn’t swim in it
→ It was such cold water that the children couldn’t swim in it
→ The water was too cold for the children to swim in
→ The water is not warm enough for the children to swim in
* SO : cho nên
Clause ( nguyên nhân) , so + clause ( kết quả)
Ex : The weather was very cold , so we couldn’t go out.
She didn’t study harder ,so she didn’t pass the exam
I Combine each pairs of these sentences, using TOO…TO :
1 Tom is short He can’t touch the ceiling ………
2 Alice is very young She can’t stay at home alone ………
3 It’s very late We can’t see a movie ………
4 She lives far from school She can’t walk there ………
5 It’s very cold We can’t go swimming today ………
Trang 366 The jacket is very small He can’t wear it ………
7 Peter is very tired He can’t study ………
8 The pencil is very short She can’t use it ………
9 The meeting is very important We can’t miss it ………
10 Sarah can’t take a day off She was very busy ………
11 You speak so fast that I can’t catch up with your words
II Combine each pairs of these sentences, using ENOUGH TO :
1 It’s not warm today We can’t go outside ………
2 The coat isn’t warm I can’t wear it in winter ………
3 Tom doesn’t have money He can’t pay his bills ………
4 The ice is very thick People can dance on it ………
5 The ladder is rather long We can use it ………
6 The shirt is big He can wear it ………
7 That bookcase is large It can hold 150 books ………
8 The box is light She can lift it ………
9 The weather is very rough We can’t swim in it
III Combine each pairs of these sentences, using SO / SUCH THAT :
1 Combine these pairs of sentences using "so…… that":
1 That woman was very tall She could almost touch the ceiling
Trang 375 The stadium is very large It can hold 60,000 people.
2 Combine these pairs of sentences using "such that" :
1 Tom was a tall man He could almost touch the ceiling
IV.Rewrite the following sentences as directed:
1 It was such an expensive house that nobody can buy it
→ The house was so
2 The food was so good that we ate all of it
→ It was
3 The patient was too weak to get up
→ The patient was so
4 This room is too dark for me to study
→ This room is so
5 This room is too small for us to take the meeting
→ This room isn’t _
6 The test was so difficult that we couldn’t do it
→ The test was not
7 The map is so old that I couldn’t read it
→ The map is too _
8 He spoke so fast that we couldn’t hear him well
→ He didn’t
Trang 38C PHRASE AND CLAUSE OF REASON and CONCESSION
(Mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ nguyên nhân và sự nhượng bộ)
C
lauses and phrases of reason : ( mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ lí do)
1 Cụm từ chỉ lí do :
Because of / Due to/ owing to + N / Pro/ V-ing
Ex : We couldn’t go out because of the bad weather
2 Mệnh đề chỉ lí do:
Because/As /Since + S + V
Ex: We couldn’t go out because the weather was bad
IV/Clauses and phrases of concession( mệnh đề và cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ)
1 Cụm từ chỉ sự nhượng bộ:
Inspite of / Despite + N / Pro/ V-ing
Ex : Inspite of the bad weather , we had a wonderful holiday.
2 Mệnh đề chỉ sự nhượng bộ
Though
Although + S + V + O
Eventhough
Ex : Although the weather was bad , we had a wonderful holiday.
THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE
Despite his laziness, he passed the test
Ex2: Though he was poor, he lived a happy life.
2- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ là danh từ (noun) + be + adj khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ Be, đổi chủ từ thành sở hữu cỏch (possessive case), đổi tớnh từ thành danh từ.
Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless.
The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness
3- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ + V(ordinary) khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing.
Subject (pronoun) + be + adj
Subject (noun) + be + adj
possessive case + noun
Subject + V(ordinary)
V-ing
Trang 39Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test.
In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test
4- Mệnh đề cú There be + noun, khi chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be.
Ex: Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him
Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him
I Complete these sentences by using although / in spite of / because / because of :
1 ……… the meeting is at 2pm, I won’t be able to see you
2 ……… I told you the absolute truth, no one would believe me
3 My mother is always complaining ……… The untidiness of my room
4 I didn’t get the job ……… I have all necessary qualifications
5 It’s unsafe to travel in that country ……… the ongoing civil war
6 The villagers refused to leave ……… the drought
7 ……… everything looked different, I had no idea to go
8 ……… his age, John was not hired ……… he had enough qualifications
9 It was difficult to deliver the letter ……….the sender had written the wrong address on the envelope
10 We decided to leave early ………the party was boring
11 Rescue attempts were temporarily halted ………the bad weather
12 Paul may not go to the football game……….his grades
13 ……… the traffic jam, I came to the meeting late
14 ……… having a bad cough, she was able to sing in the choir
15 She walked slowly ……… her leg was injured
16 Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted ……… the extreme heat
17 I had to work the yesterday ……… I was still feeling unwell
18 ……… there was a shortage of water, many trees died rapidly
II Choose the best answer :
1 _it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat
2 _he wasn’t feeling very well, he went to visit his aunt as usual
3 He was offered the job his qualifications were poor
4 we were in town, we often met him
5 She didn’t get the job she had all the necessary qualifications
6 I could not eat I was very hungry
A even though B in spite C despite D in spite the fact that
7 In pite _, the baseball game was not cancelled
A the rain B of the rain C it was raining D there was a rain
8 he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car
9 , he walked to the station
A Despite tired B In spite being tired C Although to be tired D Despite being tired The children slept well, despite _
A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy
10 She left him she still loved him
There + be + Noun
Trang 40A even if B even though C in spite of D despite
11 _ her lack of hard work, she was promoted
A In spite B Even though C in spite of D despite of
12 _ they are brothers, they do not look like
13 We are concerned with the problem of energy resouces we must think of our environment
14 some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority of Japanese companies are run by men
15 In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris
A Even though Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris
B Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French
C Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French
D Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris
16 Mr Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi
A Even though taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting
B In spite of taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting
C Mr Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi
D Mr Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi
17 We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy
A Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time
B In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time
C Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time
D Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time
18 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert
A Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not
B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi
C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert
D Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it
19 Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car
A She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes
B Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car
C The car is too expensive for her to buy
D She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot
20 Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill
A Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill
B In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill
C Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill
D Sue stayed up late talking to Jill As a result, she was tired
III Rewrite these sentences, using BECAUSE / BECAUSE OF :
A.
1 Because I am sick, I do not go out Because of ………
2 Because the water is polluted, we can’t swim in that river