Tổng hợp ngắn gọn các chuyên đề căn bản nhất ôn thi tiếng Anh vào lớp 10, dành cho các bạn học sinh lớp 9 đang có nhu cầu ôn tập luyện đề, các bậc phụ huynh cũng như giáo viên tham khảo cho kì thi tiếng ANh vào lớp 10
Trang 11 Thì Hiện tại đơn (The present simple tense):
* The form:
- Đối với ĐT ‘to be’ :
You/We/They areHe/She/It is
- Đối với ĐT thờng (ordinary verbs): Verb + (s, es)
+ ĐT tận cùng bằng o, ch, sh, x, ss, z ở ngôi thứ ba số ít ->thêm es
The sun rises in the east
The Earth goes around the sun
Leaves fall in the Autumn
- Để nói về một khả năng (ability):
He teaches English in gade 9
Lan eats very little She never has breakfast in the morning
Trang 2- Để diễn tả một hành động thờng xuyên ở hiện tại hay một thóiquen đợc lặp đi lặp lại trong HT (thờng đi với các trạng từ nh:always, never, often, sometimes, usually, rarely, ).
I always get up at 6 o’clock
The weather here is not very good It often rains
My father usually goes to work by car but he sometimeswalks
* Averbs used: always, usually, often, sometimes, never, rarely,every day/morning/aternoon/evening/Sunday,
2 Thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn (The present progressive tense):
* The form: am/is/are + Verb-ing
* Usage: Dùng để diễn tả một hành động đang đang diễn ra ởhiện tại (lúc đang nói)
* Averbs used: at the moment, at this moment, now
3 Thì Quá khứ đơn (The past simple tense):
* The form: is/are/am - > was/were
Verb + edDạng bất quy tắc
* Usage:
Trang 3- Để diễn tả một hành động đã hoàn tất trong một thời gian xác
định ở quá khứ
He wrote this letter yesterday
I didn’t have breakfast yesterday
She bought that dress two weeks ago
- Để diễn tả các hành động đợc lặp đi lặp lại hay nói cách khácdiễn tả một thói quen trong quá khứ
I studied English three days a week last year
They went swimming almost every morning while they were
4 Thì Quá khứ tiếp diễn (The past progresive tense):
* The form: was/were + Verb-ing
* Usage:
- Để nói một hành động đang diễn ra tại thời điểm xác địnhtrong QK
I was having dinner at 7 o’clock last night
Were you watching TV at 8 o’clock last night?
- Để nói một hành động diễn ra trong suốt một thời gian xác
định trong quá khứ
Yesterday from 8 to 10 a.m I was playing tennis
All last week they were staying with us
- Một hành động bắt đầu trớc và đang diễn ra trong quá khứthì một việc khác xảy ra
As I was walking down the street I saw Lan
The phone rang while I was having breakfast
Trang 4- Một hành động diễn ra đồng thời với một hành động kháctrong quá khứ.
It was raining while I was playing soccer yesterday
He was reading while she was setting the table
5 Thì Tơng lai đơn (The Future simple tense).
* The form: Will/Shall + Verb
* Usage:
- Để diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra mà không có sắp đặt haytrù liệu trớc
Tomorrow will be Monday
Some day I shall/ I will be rich
Who do you think will pass the examination?
Ngoài ra chúng ta dùng câu hỏi: Shall I/We ? khi muốn đềnghị hoặc thỉnh cầu một điều gì một cách lịch sự
Shall I carry your bag?
Shall I wash your dishes for you?
Còn với Will you ? dùng để yêu cầu, nhờ vả ai đó giúp bạnviệc gì:
Will you get me a newspaper when you’re out?
Will you have some tea?
* Averbs used: tomorrow, in the future
6 Thì tơng lai dự định (be going to):
- The form: Be going to + Verb
- Usage: Dùng để diễn tả một dự định trong tơng lai
VD :
I am going to stay at home tomorrow
We are going to go for a walk
She is going to do her homework this evening
* Averbs used: tomorrow, next + (week/month/year/Monday, )
7 Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành (The present perfect tense).
* The form: have/has + Past participle
* Usage:
- Chỉ hành động đã hoàn tất trong quá khứ nhng không xác
định thời gian
I have visited the city museum
He has published last book recently
I have just come back from Dalat
- Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong QK nhng cha chấm dứt, cha hoàntất
I have studied English for three years
He has lived with his aunt since 1995
Trang 5* Averbs used: never before, recently, just, ever, already, yet,since, for,
8 Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành (The past perfect tense).
* The form: had + past participle
* Usage:
- Thì QKHT đợc dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra tr ớc mộtthời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
He had gone to bed before 10 o’clock last night
- Thì QKHT dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra tr ớc mộthành động khác cũng ở trong QK
Yesterday, when I arrived at the station, the train had left.Helen had learned English before she cam to England
I realized that we had met before
Phần II: Bài tập (Exercises).
* Give the correct form of the verb in blankets.
1 The sun always (rise) in the east Look, it(rise) !
2 I don’t think I (go) out tonight.I’m too tires
3 Where you (spend) your summerholiday lastyear, Hoa?
4 In my country, it (not rain) much inwinter
5 Let’s wait for Minh (arrive) and we(have) dinner
6 The moon (move) around the earth
Trang 67 Mai (be) very happy when she(receive) a letter from her sister this morning.
8 My father (read) now He always (read) a bookafter dinner
9 A friend of my brother’s (call) him last night, but he(not be) at home So I (take) a message for him
10 Are you busy this evening? - Yes, I (meet) Tuan atthe library at seven We (study) together
11 Mai (telephone) you when she comesback
12 What you (do) last weekend? - I (go) tothe theater with my family
13 John and I (be) a pen pals for nearly threeyears
14 Mary (stay) with us at the moment She(be) my sister’s friend
15 He (wear) the same old coat since he(move) here
16 Mr and Mrs Ba (take) some beautiful photos.They (take) them a few days ago
17 Lan (write) to her pen pal for three years, and theyfirst (meet) each other last week
18 Her brother (talk) to his pen pal on the phone atthe moment They (not contack) to each other for along time
19 I (not see) your brother recently - No, he (notbe) out of his room since he (buy)
a new computer
20 When I (come) to see Mr.Robinson last night, he(read) a newspaper and his two children(listen) to an English song
21 I (write) to my friend two months ago, but I (notreceive) his reply since then
22 I can’t go out now because it (rain) and I (nothave) a raincoat
23 She (say) she’d phone me this morning, but it
is now 12.30 and she (not phone) yet
24 He had a bad fall while he (repair) his roof
25 Listen to those people! What language they(speak) ?
26 Who (carry) our bag when we climb themountains?
27 It (not rain) in our country in winter
Trang 728 When I got to the station, my pen pal (wait) for me.
29 When we (be) small, our family (live) in thecountryside
30 Miss Trang is in hospital - Yes, I know I (visit) hertomorrow
31 I (read) an interesting book at the moment I(lend) it to you when I finish it
32 Look at those black clouds It (rain)
33 I (not invite) her to the party because I(forget) her phone number
34 Look our new teacher (come) She(have) long, black hair
35 There (be) many volunteers in SEAGAMES 22nd in VietNam in 2003
36 How long you (know) Mrs.Chi? - I
(know her for five years
37 Our dog ever (bite) anyone?- Yes, he (bite) apoliceman last week
38 We (not see) her since we (be) on holiday
in Ha Long Bay
39 Phuong (not finish) her homework yet
40 Would you like some coffee? I just(make) some
41 She (feed) the cat yet? - Yes, she (feed) it half
44 I (not go) out this evening I (stay) at home
45 The film (begin) at 7.30 or 8.00?
46 You (be) away? - Yes, I (go) to thecountry last Sunday
47 They just (phone) to say that they (not come) backtill Friday night
48 My uncle (not visit) us since he (move) to thenew town
49 It (get) hotter and hotter in June
50 The movie (start) at 8.15 this evening
51 We already (finish) the first semester exams
Trang 852 Mr.Binh (learn) Chinese at school, but he(forget) most of it.
53 We (have) a party next Sunday Would you like(come) ?
54 While my sister and I (watch) a movie on TV lastnight, our uncle in the USA (phone)
55 Ha Long Bay in Viet Nam (be) a World HeritageSite
56 I myself (witness) an accident on the Main Roadyesterday A boy (knock) down by a car Then he(take) to the nearest hospital
57 My uncle just (open) a new internet house onTrang Thi street
58 Her grandfather (die) 20 years ago She (nevermeet) him
59 Linh’brother (lose) his job last month and since then he(be) out of work
60 You (see) Mrs.Chi recently? - Yes, I (see) her atthe school gate three days ago
61 Nam (not buy) a new computer since he(sell) the old one last month
62 I (not have) a good night sleep for a long time
I now feel very tired
63 Past simple or Past continous:
Last summer I (stay)1 in London with my friendSue and Dennis One day Sue and Dennis(do)2 something and I was alone in thehouse I (decide)3 to have a bath I(go)4 to the bathroomand (turn on)5 the taps Then while the bath (fillup)6 , I (go)7 tothe bedroom Unfortunately, while I (lie)8
on the bed, I (fall)9 asleep I had a verystrange dream I (sail)10 a boatalong a river, when suddenly I (come)11
to a waterfall The water (make)12 aterrible noise While I (struggle)13 to stopthe boat, I (wake up)14 I(hear)15 a noise downstairs Sue andDennis (come)16 into the house Then
I (realize)17 that I could still hear thewaterfall It was the bath, of course I(jump)18 off the bed and
Trang 9(run)19 to the bathroom There(be)20 water everywhere.
Trang 10- Chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động sẽ bị bỏ đi nếu nh chủ ngữ đókhông rõ, không quan trọng Trờng hợp giữ lại, nó sẽ biến thànhtân ngữ (Object) và theo sau giới từ “by” trong câu bị động.
3 Các thể bị động:
a) Câu bị động ở HT đơn (Passive voice of Present simple):
is/are/am + Past Participle
Ex: Active: Students clean the classroom everyday
Passive: Classroom is cleaned everyday
b) Câu bị động ở HTTD (Passive voice of Present progressive):
is/are/am + being + Past Participle
Ex: Active: I am speaking English now
Passive: English is being spokeb now by me
c) Câu bị động ở QK đơn (Passive voice of Past simple):
was/were + Past Participle
Ex: Active: My father wrote this book
Trang 11Passive: This book was written by my father.
d) Câu bị động ở thì QK tiếp diễn (Passive voice of Past progressive):
was/were + being + Past Participle
Ex: Active: She was watching a news at 7 o’clock last night
Passive: A news was being watched at 7 o’clock last night byher
e) Câu bị động ở thì tơng lai đơn (Passive voice of Future simple):
will/shall + be + Past Participle
Ex: Active: They will buy a car tomorrow
Passive: A car will be bought tomorrow
f) Câu bị động thì HTHT (Passive voice of Present Perfect):
have/has + been + Past Participle
Ex: Active: We have studied French for 5 years
Passive: French has been studied for 5 years
g) Thể bị động thì QKHT (Passive voice of Past Perfect):
had been + Past Participle
Ex: Active: He had had dinner when I came
Passive: Dinner had been had when I came
h) Thể bị động của một số động từ khuyết thiếu (Modals):
can may might ought to + be + Past Participle have to
used to
be going to
* Cách chuyển câu hỏi sang câu bị động (Passive questions):
1 Câu hỏi Yes/No (dùng trợ động từ ‘Do’):
- Tân ngữ của câu hỏi chủ động làm chủ ngữ trong câu hỏi bị
động
- Động từ chính chuyển sang dạng quá khứ phân từ
- Trợ động từ đổi sang động từ ‘be’ tơng ứng theo thì của
Trang 12- Tân ngữ trong câu hỏi chủ động làm chủ ngữ trong câu hỏi
bị động
- Động từ chính đổi sang dạng QK phân từ
- Thay thế trợ động từ bằng động từ ‘be’ tơng ứng với thì củacâu hỏi chủ động
Ex: Active question: When did they build this street?
Passive question: When was this street built?
Phần II: Bài tập câu bị động (Exercises).
I Change the following sentences from active into the passive.
1 People don’t use this road very often
This road isn’t used very often
2 We will grow a lot of trees in the parks
A lot of trees will be grown in the park
3 They are painting the living-room light blue
The living-room is being painted light blue
4 People have develop many different paper products
Many different paper products have been developed
5 He asked us many difficult questions
We were asked many difficult questions (by him)
Trang 136 They must widen the road soon.
The road must be widened soon (by them)
7 She advised me to reuse milk bottles
I was advised to reuse milk bottles (by her)
8 My sister cleans these rooms every day
These rooms are cleaned everyday (by my sister)
9 Wastes from chemical factories have caused a lot of pollution
A lot of pollution has been caused by wastes from chemical
factories.
10 When does he usually do his homework?
> When is his homework usally done?
1 They made the fire in the traditional way
The fire was made in the traditional way (by them)
12 You must collect four bottles of water
Four bottles of water must be collected (by you)
13 Irving Berlin wrote the famous song “White Christmas”.
The famous song “White Christmas” was written by Irving
Berlin.
14 How do people cook this kind of food?
How is the kind of food cooked ?
15 The children are redecorating the sitting-room
The sitting-room is being decorated by the children
16 Have you tied the kitchen?
Has the kitchen been tied?
17 People didn’t organize this festival some years ago
This festival wasn’t organized some years ago
18 When I came, they were pulling down the old theater
When I came, the old theater was being pulled down
19 You should open the wine about an hour before you use it
The wine should be opened an hour before it is used
20 They have just given the children some gifts
The children have just been given the gifts
or The gifts have just been given to the children.
21 The scientists are carrying out a important experiment
An important experiment is being carried out by the scientists
22 People make cheese from milk
Cheese is made from milk
23 Did Wright brothers build the first plane in 1903?
Was the first plane built in 1903 by Wright brothers?
24 Witcomb L Judson invented the zipper in 1893
The zipper was invented in 1893 by Witcom L.Judson
Trang 1425 People have used the ballpoint pens for many years.
The ballpoint pens have been used for many years
26 They will publish a book on space travel next month
A book on space travel will be published next month
27 When I came, he was repairing the computer
When I came the computer was being repaired by him
28 Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in 1592.
Romeo and Juliet was written in 1592 by Shakespeare
29 Viet is going to repaint these rooms tomorrow
These rooms are going to be repainted tomorrow by Viet
30 Our factory doesn’t produce this kind of paper
This kind of paper isn’t produced by/in our factory
31 My sister gave me a new pair of jeans on my fifteenthbirthday
I was given a new pair of jeans on my fifteenth birthday by my
sister.
or: A new pair of jeans was given to me on my fifteenth birthday
by my sister.
32 The workers are building a supermarket on our street
A supermarket is being built on our street
33 The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day
The animals are fed twice a day
34 They have sold their car to pay their debt
Their car has been sold to pay their debt
35 We are going to grow flowers in the front garden
Flowers are going to to be grown in the front garden
36 You must’n use this machine after 5.30 pm
This machine musn’t be used after 5.30 pm
37 My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me
A new sweater is being knitted for me by my grandmther
38 Did people make jeans two hundred years ago?
Were jeans made two hundred years ago?
39 We don’t use this kind of cloth to make shirts?
This kind of cloth isn’t used to make shirts by us
40 Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and
fashionable Ao dai.
The unique and fashionable ao dai continues to be worn by
Vietnamese women.
II Change these sentences from passive into the active.
42 This tree was planted by my granfather
My grandfather planted this tree
43 The rubbish hasn’t been collected
Trang 15 They haven’t collected the rubbish/ Nobody has collected the
rubbish.
44 Is recycleed paper being used?
Are you using recycled paper?
45 Will a new shool be built very soon?
Will they build a new school very soon?
46 A lot of work is done everyday
We do a lot of work everyday
47 Many trees are cut down to make paper
They cut down many trees to make paper
48 English is considered the most international language
People consider English the most international language
49 These doors should be shut before 5 p.m
You should shut these doors before 5 pm
50 Many lakes and rivers have been destroyed by pollution fromfactories
Pollution from factories has destroyed many lakes and rivers
51 I was given a beautiful glass on my birthday by Hung
Hung gave me a beautiful glass on my birthday
III Change the following sentences into passive or active.
52 A note was written on the board by Mai
Mai wrote a note on the board
53 They will recycle the waste paper in a local factory
The waste paper will be recycled in a local factory
54 Mr Ba grows vegestables in his small garden
Vegetables are grown in Mr Ba’s small garden
55 The bicycle has just been repaired by my brother
My brother has just repaired the bicycle
56 The artists are painting a big picture in front of the Town Hall
A big picture is being painted in front of the Town Hall by the
Trang 16- Giáo án, tài liệu tham khảo, thiết kế hệ thống bài tập.
1 Direct speech: Là lời nói đợc thuật lại đúng nguyên văn của
ngời nói Câu trực tiếp đợc viết giữa dấu trích hay dấu ngoặckép (quotation marks) và ngăn cách bởi mệnh đề tờng thuật(reporting clause) bởi dấu phẩy ( a comma)
Ex: Lan said, “I like reading science books”
My teacher said: “I’ll give you a test tomorrow”
2 Reported speech: Là lời nói đợc thuật lại với ý và từ của ngời
thuật, nhng vẫn giữ nguyên ý Câu tờng thuật (gián tiếp) không
bị ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy hay dấu ngoặc kép và luôn kết thúcbằng dấu chấm câu (a full stop)
* Câu trực tiếp và câu gián tiếp gồm 2 phần:
- Mệnh đề tờng thuật (reporting clause)
- Lời nói trực tiếp (direct speech) hay lời nói gián tiếp(reporting speech)
Ex: Tom says: “I go to college next summer.”
Mệnh đề tờng thuật Lời nói trực tiếp
Tom says (that) he goes to college next summer
Mệnh đề tờng thuật Lời nói gián tiếp
B Cách đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp (Transfforming directspeech into reporting speech)
* Khi đổi câu TT sang câu GT phải đổi ngôi (persons), đổithì của động từ (tenses) và từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn (time andplace words) theo qui tắc sau đây:
1 Persons (ngôi):
* First persons (ngôi thứ nhất): I, me, my mine, myself, we,
us, our, ours, ourrselves: đợc đổi theo ngôi của chủ ngữ trongmệnh đề tờng thuật
Trang 17Ex: Hoa said: “I live in the suburbs”
=> Hoa said (that) she lived in the suburbs
* Second persons (ngôi thứ hai): you, your, yours, yourself,yourslves: đợc đổi theo ngôi của tân ngữ trong mệnh đề tờngthuật
Ex: He said to me: “You can take my book.”
=> He told me (that) I could take his book.
+ Lu ý: Nếu mệnh đề tờng thuật không có tân ngữ, thì đợc
đổi thành ngôi thứ ba
Ex: The boss said: “You can have a day off.”
=> The boss said (that) he could have a day off.
* Third persons (ngôi thứ ba): He, him, his, himself, she, her,hers, herself, they, them, their, theirs, themselves: đợc giữnguyên
Ex: Mai says: “They come to help the students.”
=> Mai says (that) they come to help the students.
2, Tenses and time and place words (thì, từ chỉ thời gian
và nơi chốn):
* Look at the table:
Direct speech (Lời nói TT) Reported speech (Lời nói
GT)
1 Tenses (Thì)
- Present simple tense - Past simple tense
- Present progressive tense - Past progressive tense
- Past simple tense - Past perfect tense
- Present perfect tense - Past perfect tense
- Past progressive tense - Past perfect progressive tense
- Present perfect progressive
- Future simple tense - Conditional type 2
- Future perfect tense - Conditional type 3
- Future progressive tense - would/should/could + be +
V-ing
- Past perfect tense - Past perfect tense
- Present conditional - Present conditional
- Past conditional - Past conditional
- Past perfect conditional - Past perfect conditional
2 Time words (Từ chỉ thời gian):
- tomorrow - the next day / the following
Trang 18- yessterday - the day before / the previous
day
- the day before yesterday two days before
- the day after tomorrow - in two days’ time
- last week / month / year - the previous week / month /
yearnext wweek / month / year - the following week / month /
* Lu ý: Một số trờng hợp không đổi thì (No tense change):
- Động từ ở mệnh đề tờng thuật ở thì HT đơn (Present simple),Tơng lai đơn (Future simple), HT hoàn thành (Present perfect)
- Lời nói trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật, một địnhluật khoa học dù động từ của mệnh đề tờng thuật ở thì QK
đơn (Past simple)
- Sự kiện vừa xảy ra hay vừa nói
- Những động từ nh: should / had better / ought to hay động từcủa mệnh đề wish
- Khi đổi lời câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp (câu khẳng
định và câu phủ định): đổi động từ tờng thuật ‘said’ bằng
‘told me’
- Nếu this / these + noun -> đổi ‘this’ thành ‘the’
- Nếu this / these : là đại từ chỉ định (demonstrative pronouns) > đổi ‘this / these’ thành ‘it / they / them’
Ex: + He says: “Tom won the scholarship last week.”
=> He says (that) Tom won the scholarship last week.
+ He said: “Ice smelts in the sun.”
=> He said (that) ice smelts in the sun.
+ Anna said: “The students have already done this
Trang 19- Đối với câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu ở dạng khẳng định hay phủ định, ta dùng động từ (ask / tell) để tờng thuật:
Ask/tell + object + (NOT) to-infinitive
- Đối với lời khuyên ở dạng khẳng định hay phủ định, ta dùng
động từ (advice) để tờng thuật:
ADVICE + OBJECT + (NOT) TO-INFNITIVE
- Riêng với động từ (should/had better/ought to), chúng ta thuật lạibằng cách lặp lại cấu trúc:
SHOULD/HAD BETTER/OUGHT TO +(NOT) + INFINITIVE
* Lu ý: Đối với câu mệnh lệnh và yêu cầu, khi thuật lại ta bỏ dấuchấm than(!), bỏ từ (please)
Ex: Mr.Brown saaid: “Get out of the class!”
=> Mr.Brown asked him to get out of the class
4 Reported questions (Câu hỏi tờng thuật):
- Dùng các động từ sau trong tờng thuật câu hỏi: ask / want toknow (muốn biết) / inquire (hỏi) / wonder (tự hỏi) /
a) Yes/No-questions:
* Với Modals: Sau mệnh đề tờng thuật:
- viết từ if hay whether
- hoán vị trợ động từ với chủ ngữ và đổi thì theo qui tắc
- đổi ngôi
- đổi từ chỉ thời gian hay nơi chốn theo qui tắc
Ex: Mary said to Nam: “ Can you speak English?”
=> Mary asked Nam if/whether he could speak English
Tom asked Mr.Jones: “Shall we have a test next week?”
=> Tom asked Mr.Jones if/wwhether they would have a testthe next week
* Với “DO”: Sau mệnh đề tờng thuật:
- viết từ if / whether
- bỏ trợ động từ “DO”
- đổi động từ chính của thì theo qui tắc
- đổi ngôi, đổi từ chỉ thời gian, từ chỉ nơi chốn theo quitắc
Ex: “Do you go to school?” he asked
=> He asked me if/whether I went to school
Peter said to Mary: “Did you see the film last night?”
=> Peter asked Mary if/whether she had seen the film thenight before
b) Wh-questions: