Chapter 18 - Inventory and overhead. In this chapter, the learning objectives are: List the key assumptions of each inventory method, calculate the cost of ending inventory and cost of goods sold for each inventory method, calculate the cost ratio and ending inventory at cost for the retail method, calculate the estimated inventory using the gross profit method, explain and calculate inventory turnover, explain overhead; allocate overhead according to floor space and sales.
Trang 1Inventory and Overhead
Trang 21 List the key assumptions of each
inventory method
2 Calculate the cost of ending inventory
and cost of goods sold for each inventory method
Inventory and Overhead
#18
Learning Unit Objectives
Assigning Costs to Ending Inventory Specific Identification; Weighted
Average; FIFO; LIFO
LU18.1
Trang 31 Calculate the cost ratio and ending inventory at cost
for the retail method
2 Calculate the estimated inventory, using the gross
profit method
3 Explain and calculate inventory turnover
4 Explain overhead; allocate overhead according to
Inventory and Overhead
#18
Learning Unit Objectives
Retail Method; Gross Profit Method; Inventory Turnover; Distribution of Overhead
LU18.2
Trang 4 keeps a running account of
inventory by updating with
each transaction
Inventory Systems
Periodic Inventory System Relies on a physical count of inventory done periodically
Trang 5Number of Cost Total Units Purchased per unit cost
Beginning Inventory 40 $8 $320
First Purchase (April 1) 20 9 180
Second Purchase (May 1) 20 10 200
Third Purchase (Oct. 1) 20 12 240
Fourth Purchase (Dec. 1) 20 13 260
Goods available for sale 120 $1,200 Units Sold 72
Units in ending inventory 48
Blue Company Inventory Information
Step 1
Trang 6Step 2. Calculate the cost of ending inventory
Step 3. Calculate the cost of goods sold (Step 1 Step 2)
Step 1. Calculate the cost of goods (Merchandise
available for sale)
Beg
Specific Identification Method
Trang 7Cost per unit Total cost
20 Units from April 1 $ 9 $180
20 Units from Oct. 1 $12 240
8 Units from Dec. 1 $13 104 Cost of ending inventory $524
Cost of goods Cost of ending = Cost of
available for sale inventory goods sold
$1,200 $524 = $676 Step 3 Step 2
Specific Identification Method
Trang 8Weighted avg = Total cost of goods available for sale = $1,200 = $10
Unit cost Total number of units available for sale 120
Average cost of ending inventory: 48 units at $10 = $480 Cost of goods sold = $1,200 $480 = $720 Number of Cost Total Units Purchased per unit cost Beginning Inventory 40 $8 $320
First Purchase (April 1) 20 9 180
Second Purchase (May 1) 20 10 200
Third Purchase (Oct. 1) 20 12 240
Fourth Purchase (Dec. 1) 20 13 260
Goods available for sale 120 $1,200 Units Sold 72
Units in ending inventory 48
Trang 920 Units from Dec. 1 at $13 $260
20 Units from Oct. 1 at $12 240
8 Units from May 1 at $10 80
48 units in ending inventory $580
Cost of goods sold: $1,200 $580 = $620 Number of Cost Total Units Purchased per unit cost Beginning Inventory 40 $8 $320
First Purchase (April 1) 20 9 180
Second Purchase (May 1) 20 10 200
Third Purchase (Oct. 1) 20 12 240
Fourth Purchase (Dec. 1) 20 13 260
Goods available for sale 120 $1,200 Units Sold 72
Units in ending inventory 48
Trang 1040 Units from beginning inventory at $8 $320
8 Units from Apr 1 at $9 72
48 units in ending inventory $392
Cost of goods sold: $1,200 $392 = $808 Number of Cost Total Units Purchased per unit cost Beginning Inventory 40 $8 $320
First Purchase (April 1) 20 9 180
Second Purchase (May 1) 20 10 200
Third Purchase (Oct. 1) 20 12 240
Fourth Purchase (Dec. 1) 20 13 260
Goods available for sale 120 $1,200 Units Sold 72
Units in ending inventory 48
Trang 11Step 1. Calculate the cost of goods available for sale at
cost and retail
Step 2. Calculate a cost ratio using the following formula Cost of goods available for sale at cost
Cost of goods available for sale at retail
Step 3. Deduct net sales from cost of goods available for sale at retail
Step 4. Multiply the cost ratio by the ending inventory at retail
Trang 12Cost Retail Beginning Inventory $4,000 $6,000 Net purchases during month 2,300 3,000 Cost of goods available for sale (Step 1) $6,300 $9,000 Less net sales for month (Step 3) 4,000 Ending Inventory at retail $5,000 Cost ratio ($6,300/$9,000) (Step 2) 70% Ending Inventory at cost ($5,000 x .70) (Step 4) $3,500
Estimating Inventory Retail Method
Trang 13Step 1. Calculate the cost of goods available for sale
(Beginning inventory + Net purchases)
Step 2. Multiply the net sales at retail by the complement of the gross profit rate. This is the estimated cost of goods sold
Step 3. Calculate the cost of estimated ending inventory (Step 1 Step 2)
Assuming the following, calculate the estimated inventory Gross profit on sales 30%
Beginning inventory June 1, 2009 $20,000 Net purchases 8,000 Net sales at retail for June 12,000
Trang 14Beginning Inventory, June 1, 2009 $20,000
Cost of goods available for sale (Step 1) $28,000
Less estimated cost of good sold:
Net sales at retail $12,000
Cost Percentage (100% 30%) x .70 (Step 2)
Estimated cost of goods sold 8,400
Estimated ending inventory, June 30, 2009 $19,600 (Step 3)
Estimating Inventory Gross Profit Method
Trang 15The number of times inventory is replaced during a specific time
Inventory turnover at retail = Net sales
Average inventory at retail Inventory turnover at cost = Cost of goods sold
Average inventory at cost
Trang 16Net sales $32,000 Cost of goods sold $22,000 Beginning inventory at retail 11,000 Beginning inventory at cost 7,500 Ending inventory at retail 8,900 Ending inventory at cost 5,600
Average inventory = Beginning inventory + Ending inventory
2
At retail = $32,000 = $32,000 = 3.22
$11,000 + $8,900 $9,950 2
At cost = $22,000 = $22,000 = 3.36
$7,500 + $5,600 $ 6,550 2
Usually higher due to theft,
spoilage, markdowns, etc
Trang 17by Floor Space
Step 1. Calculate the total square feet in all departments
Step 2. Calculate the ratio for each department based on
floor space
Step 3. Multiply each department’s floor space ratio by the total overhead
Trang 18Department A 6,000 square feet Department B 3,000 square feet Department C 1,000 square feet Overhead of $90,000
Floor space Ratio Department A 6,000 6,000 = 60%
10,000 Department B 3,000 3,000 = 30%
10,000 Department C 1,000 1,000 = 10%
10,000
Department A 60 x $90,000 = $54,000 Department B 30 x $90,000 = $27,000 Department C 10 x $90,000 = $ 9,000 Step 1 & 2
Calculating the Distribution of Overhead
by Floor Space (Roy Company)
Trang 19of Overhead by Sales
Step 1. Calculate the total sales in all departments
Step 2. Calculate the ratio for each department based on sales
Step 3. Multiply each department’s sales ratio by the total overhead
Trang 20of Overhead by Sales (Morse Company)
Sales Ratio Department A $80,000 $ 80,000 = .80
$100,000 Department B 20,000 $20,000 = .20
$100,000 $100,000
Department A 80 x $60,000 = $48,000 Department B 20 x $60,000 = $12,000 $60,000
Total Overhead Expenses
Morse Company distributes its overhead expenses based on the sales of its departments. For example, last year Morse’s
overhead expenses were $60,000. Sales of its two departments were as follows, along with its ratio calculation