Chapter 17 – Depreciation. In this chapter, the learning objectives are: Concepts of depreciation and the straight-line method, units-of-production method, declining-balance method, modified accelerated cost recovery system (MACRS) with introduction to ACRS.
Trang 1Depreciation
Trang 21 Explain the concept and causes of
depreciation
2 Prepare a depreciation schedule and
calculate partialyear depreciation
Depreciation
#17
Learning Unit Objectives
Concepts of Depreciation and the StraightLine Method
LU17.1
Trang 31 Explain how use affects the unitsof
production method
2 Prepare a depreciation schedule
Depreciation
#17
Learning Unit Objectives
UnitsofProduction Method
LU17.2
Trang 41 Explain the importance of residual
value in the depreciation schedule
2 Prepare a depreciation schedule
Depreciation
#17
Learning Unit Objectives
DecliningBalance Method
LU17.3
Trang 51 Explain the goals of ACRS and
MACRS and their limitations
2 Calculate depreciation using the
MACRS guidelines
Depreciation
#17
Learning Unit Objectives
Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) with Introduction
to ACRS
LU17.4
Trang 6Estimated Useful Life Number of years or time periods for which the
company can be use the asset
Depreciation An estimate
of the use or deterioration of
an asset
Asset Cost Amount paid
for an asset including
freight charges
Concept of Depreciation
Accumulated Depreciation The total amount of the asset’s depreciation taken to date
Trang 7Value) Expected cash
value at the end of an
assets useful life.
Concept of Depreciation
Book Value The unused amount of the asset cost that may be depreciated in
future accounting periods Book Value = Asset cost Accumulated
Book value
Book value cannot be less than residual value
Trang 8Causes of Depreciation
Trang 9Distributes the same amount of expense to each period of time
Depreciation expense = Cost Residual value
Ajax Company buys equipment, the company estimates how many
units the equipment can produce. Let’s assume the equipment has a
useful life of 4,000 units. After 5 years the residual value is $500.
Calculate depreciation expense and complete a depreciation schedule
$2,500 $500 = $400
Trang 10Book value at end Depreciation Accumulated of year (Cost End of Cost of expense for depreciation Accumulated
year equipment year at end of year depreciation)
Equa
ls
Resid
ual
Valu e
Trang 11Assume Ajax Company bought equipment for $2,500. What would be depreciation for the first year? The
estimated useful life is five years.
Depreciation expense = Cost Residual value
$2,500 $500 = $400 x 8 = $266.67
15th Rule
May, June, July,
Trang 12Depreciation determined by how much the company uses the asset
Depreciation expense = Cost Residual value
Ajax Company (in Learning Unit 17–1) buys equipment, the company estimates how many units the equipment can produce. Let’s assume the equipment has a useful life of 4,000 units. After 5 years the residual value is $500. Calculate depreciation expense and
complete a depreciation schedule
Depreciation = Unit x Units
Trang 13Depreciation Accumulated Book value End of Cost of Units expense for depreciation at end
year equipment prod. year at end of year of year
$2,500 $500 = $.50 per unit
Trang 145 years
Ajax Company (in Learning Unit 17–1) buys equipment, the
company estimates how many units the equipment can produce. Let’s assume the equipment has a useful life of 4,000 units. After 5 years
the residual value is $500. Calculate depreciation expense and
Depreciation expense = Book value of equip. x Depreciation
each year at beginning of year rate
Accelerated method which computes more depreciation expense
in the early years of the asset’s life. Uses up to twice the
straightline rate
DecliningBalance Method
Trang 15Accumulated Book value at Depreciation Accumulated Book value End of Cost of depreciation beginning expense for depreciation at end
year Truck at beg. of year of year year at end of year of year
1 $2,500 0 $2,500 $1,000 $1,000 $1,500
2 $2,500 $1,000 $1,500 $ 600 $1,600 $ 900
3 $2,500 $1,600 $ 900 $ 360 $1,960 $ 540
4 $2,500 $1,960 $ 540 $ 40 $2,000 $ 500
5 $2,500 $2,000 $ 500 $ 0 $2,000 $ 500
$1,500 x .40
Rate = 100% x 2 = 40%
5 years
Trang 16(MACRS) with Introduction to (ACRS)
Federal tax laws state how
depreciation must be taken
for income tax purposes
Provides users with tables giving
the useful lives of various assets
and the depreciation rates
Trang 171. It calculates depreciation for tax purposes
2. It ignores residual value
3. Depreciation if the first year (for personal property) is based on the assumption that the asset was purchased halfway through the year. (A new law adds a
midquarter convention for all personal property if more than 40% is placed in service during the last 3 months of the taxable year.)
4. Classes 3,5,7, and 10 use a 200% decliningbalance method for a period of years before switching to straightline depreciation. You do not have to determine the year in which to switch since Table 17.6 builds this into the calculation.
5. Classes 15 and 20 use a 150% decliningbalance method before switching to straightline depreciation
6. Classes 27.5 and 31.5 use straightline depreciation
Trang 18Class recovery
Period (life) Asset types
3year Racehorses more than 2 years old or any horse other than a
racehorse that is more than 12 years old at the time place into service special tools of certain industries.
5year Automobiles (not luxury) taxis; light general purpose trucks;
semiconductor manufacturing equipment computerbased telephone centraloffice switching equipment qualified technological equipment; property used in connection with research and experimentation.
7year Railroad track singlepurpose agricultural (pigpens), or horticultural;
structures; fixtures; equipment; furniture.
10year New law doesn’t add any specific property under this class.
15year Municipal wastewater treatment plants; telephone distribution plants and
comparable equipment used for twoway exchange of voice and data communications.
20year Municipal sewers.
27.5year Only residential property.
Trang 19Recovery 3-year class 5-year class 7-year class 10-year class 15-year class 20-year class year (200% D.B.) (200% D.B.) (200% D.B.) (200% D.B.) (150% D.B.) (150% D.B.)
Trang 20Depreciation Accumulated Book value End of Cost of expense for depreciation at end
year equipment year at end of year of year
($2,500 x .20)
($2,500 x .32)