Chapter 22 - Business statistics. After you have mastered the material in this chapter, you will be able to: Define and calculate the mean, explain and calculate a weighted mean, define and calculate the median, define and identify the mode, prepare a frequency distribution, prepare bar, line, and circle graphs, calculate price relatives and cost comparisons, explain and calculate the range, define and calculate the standard deviation, estimate percentage of data by using standard deviations.
Trang 1Business Statistics
Trang 21 Define and calculate the mean
2 Explain and calculate a weighted mean
3 Define and calculate the median
4 Define and identify the mode
Business Statistics
#22
Learning Unit Objectives
Mean, Median, and Mode
LU22.1
Trang 31 Prepare a frequency distribution
2 Prepare bar, line, and circle graphs
3 Calculate price relatives and cost
comparisons
Business Statistics
#22
Learning Unit Objectives
Frequency Distributions and Graphs
LU22.2
Trang 41 Explain and calculate the range
2 Define and calculate the standard
deviation
3 Estimate percentage of data by using
standard deviations
Business Statistics
#22
Learning Unit Objectives
Measures of Dispersion (Optional Section)
LU22.3
Trang 5indicate a single value
that represents an entire
group of numbers
Median A measurement that indicates the center of the data (Average)
Terminology
Mode a measurement that
records values. The value that
occurs most often
Trang 6Mean = Sum of all values Number of values
The accountant of Bill’s Sport Shop told Bill, the owner, that the average daily sales for the week were $150.14. The accountant stressed that $150.14 was an average and did not represent specific daily sales. Bill wanted to know how the accountant arrived at
$150.14.
Sun. Mon Tues Wed Thur Fri Sat.
$400 $100 $68 $115 $120 $68 $180 Mean = $400 + $100 + $68 + $115 + $120 +$68 + $180 = $150.14 7
Trang 7Weighted Mean = Sum of products Sum of frequencies How Jill Rivers calculated her GPA to the nearest tenth
Credit Grade Points Courses attempted received (Credits x Grade) Intro to Comp 4 A 16 (4 x 4)
Psychology 3 B 9 (3 x 3)
English Comp 3 B 9 (3 x 3)
Business Law 3 C 6 (2 x 3)
Business Math 3 B 9 (3 x 3)
16 49
49 = 3.1
Trang 8Look below at the following yearly salaries of the
employees of Rusty’s Clothing Shop
Alice Knight $95,000 Jane Wang $67,000
Jane Hess $27,000 Bill Joy $40,000
Joel Floyd $32,000
1 Find median value of all employees
2 Find median value If Jane Hess ($27,000) were not on
the payroll
Trang 9Step 1. Orderly arrange values
from the smallest to the largest
Step 2. Find the middle value
A Odd number of values:
Median is the middle value.
Divide the total number of
The nexthigher number is the median.
B. Even number of values:
Median is the average of the two middle values.
Find the median value
95, 27, 32, 67, 40
27, 32, 40, 67, 95
32, 40, 67, 95
40 + 67 2 53.5 Find the median value
95, 32, 67, 40
Trang 103, 4, 5, 6, 3, 8, 9, 3, 5, 3
3 is the mode since it is listed 4 times
The value that occurs most often
If two or more numbers appear most often, you may have two or more
modes
If all the values are different, there is
no mode
Trang 11A way of collecting and
organizing raw data Price of Tally FrequencyComputer
$1,000 llll 5 2,000 l 1 3,000 llll 5 4,000 l 1 5,000 ll 2 6,000 ll 2 7,000 l 1 8,000 l 1 9,000 l 1 10,000 l 1
Frequency
3000 6000 6000 1000 10000 1000
Computer costs
Trang 120 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
1000 3000 5000 7000 9000
Trang 13Class Frequency
$1000 $ 3,000.99 11
$3001 5,000.99 3
$5001 7,000.99 3
$8001 9,000.99 2
$9001 11,000.99 1
0 5 10 15
$1,000
$3,000.99 $7,000.99$5,001 $11,000.99$9,001
$3,001
$5,000.99 $7,001$9,000.99
Trang 141st Qtr 2nd Qtr 3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
12.9%
12.9%
56.9%
17.3%
Revenues
1st Qtr. $20,400 2nd Qtr $27,400 3rd Qtr $90,000 4th Qtr $20,400
Trang 15• Measure of Dispersion – a number that describes how the numbers of a set of data are spread out or dispersed
• Range – The difference between the two extreme values (highest and lowest) in a group of values or a set of data
Range = Highest value – Lowest value
Find the range of the following values:
83.6, 77.3, 69.2, 93.1, 85.4, 71.6 Range = 93.1 – 69.2 = 23.9
Trang 16Price relative = Current price x 100 Base year’s price
A calculator may cost $9 today relative to a cost of
$75 some 30 years ago. What is the relative price?
$9 x 100 = .12 = 12%
$75
Trang 17Expense Atlanta Chicago NY LA
Housing 128.8 131.4 139.3 139.3 Clothing 133.8 124.3 121.8 126.4 Medical care 177.6 163.0 172.4 163.3 Table 22.1
Trang 18Step 2. Subtract the mean from each piece of data to find
each deviation
Step 3. Square each deviation (multiply the deviation by itself)
Step 4. Sum all squared deviations
Step 5. Divide the sum of the squared deviations by n
1, where n equals the number of pieces of data
Step 6. Find the square root ( ) of the number obtained in Step 5. This is the standard deviation
Intended to measure the spread of data around
the mean
Standard Deviation
Trang 195
Total 0 94 (Step 4)
51 4
Data Set A
x x x x x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Standard Deviation
The standard deviation of
data set A is 4.8
Trang 205
Total 0 22 (Step 4)
51 4
Data Set B
x
x x x x
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Standard Deviation
The standard deviation of
data set A is 2.3