Chapter 29 - The immune system. After completing Chapter 29, you will be able to: Define the terms infection, pathogen, and antigen; list and describe the nonspecific body defense mechanisms; explain the signs and causes of inflammation; explain what is meant by specific body defenses;...
Trang 42912 Explain the difference between the primary
immune response and secondary immune response
Trang 52916 Explain how the AIDS virus affects the
immune system
2917 Identify the ways a person acquires AIDS.2918 Define cancer and carcinogen
Trang 7T and B Cell Activation
Trang 9Antibodies and
complement are the major proteins
involved in specific defenses
Trang 11Your 18yearold patient states that he thinks his right big toe is inflamed.
What symptoms would you expect to see?
Trang 12Apply Your Knowledge Answer
Redness, heat, swelling, and pain
Your 18yearold patient states that he thinks his right big toe is inflamed.
What symptoms would you expect to
see?
Trang 13Two major types of lymphocytes
B Cells and T Cells
Recognize antigens in the body
T Cells Cell-mediated bind to antigens on cells and attack them directly
T Cells Cell-mediated bind to antigens on cells and attack them directly
B cells Respond to antigens
by becoming plasma
cell - make antibodies
against the specific
antigen
B cells Respond to antigens
by becoming plasma
cell - make antibodies
against the specific
antigen
Trang 15Helper T cells
increase antibody formation, memory cell
formation, B cell formation, and phagocytosis Memory T cells
memory cells “remember” the pathogen that
activated the original T cell
person is later exposed to the same pathogen,
memory cells trigger an immune response that is more effective than the first immune response
Trang 16 IgE found wherever IgA is located involved in
triggering allergic reactions.
Trang 20After you have give an immunization to
a 2yearold, her mother asks you why this will work to prevent her from
getting a disease.
Trang 21a 2yearold, her mother asks you why this will work to prevent her from
getting a disease.
Trang 22Disorders
Diseases and disorders that challenge the immune system: (the following are the
Trang 23Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Can have infection for
years before developing any symptoms of this disease
Less common routes of transmission are through accidental needle sticks, artificial insemination, and
organ transplants.
Trang 24 CD4 cells are types
of T cells and are important for the functions of other components of the immune system.
Trang 28How can a patient contract HIV?
Trang 29Apply Your Knowledge Answer
Most common routes of transmission are through sexual contact, blood, or from mother to child
during pregnancy or breastfeeding
How can a patient contract HIV?
Trang 37Your patient has a stage III cancer. Explain what stage III means.
Trang 38Apply Your Knowledge Answer
Stage III means that the cancer has spread beyond the primary cancer site to nearby
areas.
Your patient has a stage III cancer.
Explain what stage III means.
Trang 39adjust. This condition is life threatening.
Anaphylaxis blood
vessels dilate quickly causing blood pressure to drop too quickly for organs to
adjust. This condition is life threatening.
Trang 41a person feels severe tiredness that cannot be
relieved by rest and cannot be related to another illness
Trang 42Lymphedema blockage of lymphatic vessels, Lymphedema
which are needed to drain excess fluids from areas of the body
Trang 44Rheumatoid arthritis an autoimmune disorder in
which a person’s immune system attacks joints of the body
Trang 45As you are taking your patient to the exam room, you notice that she has
“Butterfly” rash on her face. What disorder exhibits this sign?
Trang 47Medical Assistant
Knowledge of the immune system will assist you in providing care for the patient with diseases and
disorders of the immune system.
You must have knowledge of this system when assisting the physician during the examination of a patient who is having
problems with their immune system.
Trang 48End of Chapter