They have unhappy ending I don’t like stories that have unhappy ending * we can use that instead of who, which 3 Leaving out who, which, and that in defining relative clauses Eg1: The wo
Trang 1RESTRICTIVE AND NON -RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES
I Restrictive relative clauses with who, whom, which and that
1 Study examples: I spoke to the woman who owns the hotel
Did you see the letter which came this morning ?
“who owns the hotel and which came this morning” are restrictive relative clauses These clauses tell us
which person or thing the speaker means
2 Usage of who, whom, which, and that
Eg 1: That is the man He works in the post office That is the man who works in this office
The woman was very nice She interviewed me The woman who interviewed me was very nice
* we use Who for people
Eg 2: The keys have disappeared They were on the table The keys which were on the table have
disappeared
I don’t like stories They have unhappy ending I don’t like stories which have unhappy ending
* we use Which for things
Eg 3 : That is the man He works in the post office That is the man that works in this office
I don’t like stories They have unhappy ending I don’t like stories that have unhappy ending
* we can use that instead of who, which
3 Leaving out who, which, and that in defining relative clauses
Eg1: The woman who I want to see was on holiday
I want to see the woman ( who = “woman” is the object)
Have you found the book that you lost ?
You lost the book ( that = “book” is the object)
When who/ which/ that is the object, we can leave it out So we can say:
The woman I want to see was on holiday
Have you found the book you lost?
4 Usage of whose, whom, and where
Eg1: we saw some people Their car had broken We saw some people whose car had broken
I‘ve got a friend His brother is an actor I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor
* We use Whose in relative clause instead of his, her, your, my, its, our, … to talk about possession
Eg2: The woman was on holiday I want to see her The woman whom I want to see was on holiday Tom is my brother’s friend I met him yesterday Tom whom I met yesterday is my brother’s friend
* We use whom instead of who when it is the object of the verb in the relative clause
Eg3: The hotel wasn’t clean We stayed there The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean
* We can use where in relative clause to talk about places, when about times, and why for reason
II Non – restrictive relative clause
Restrictive relative clauses Non – restrictive relative clause
Eg1: The woman who lives next my door is a doctor My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor
We stayed at the hotel where Ann told us I stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann told us Restrictive relative clause tells which person or thing the speaker means.(“The woman who lives next my door” tell us which woman)
Non - restrictive relative clause do not tell which person or thing the speaker means We already know which thing or person is meant (“my brother is Jim”, “Grand Hotel”) It gives extra information about person or thing We use (,) in the clauses
Choose the best option
1 Darwin, theory of evaluation is famous throughout the world was an English scientist
2 The telephone, was invented by Graham Bell, has changed our way of communication
3 Marie Curie, won a Nobel prize in Physics, is among the greatest scientists of all times
Trang 2A who B whose C that D whom
4 Jane Eyre, which by Charlotte Bronte, is one of my favourite novels
5 was a French Emperor, fought his final battle in Waterloo
A Napoleon Bonarparte who B Napoleon Bonarparte, who
C Napoleon Bonarparte, that D Napoleon Bonarparte, whose
6 Charles Dicken, whose all over the world, was not very successful with his career at first
A books read B books reading C books are read D books to read
7 Johan, the first prize in the inter- university marathon race, is my classmate
8 Bill Gates, among the software engineers, is one of the richest men in the world
C whose is famous name D whose name famous is
9 Who wrote Pride and Prejudice?
A the English writer who B was the writer English who
C was the English writer who D the English writer who was
10 A conference ……….takes place every year is called a yearly conference
11 I come from Seattle, ……… many successful companies like Microsoft and Boeing are situated
12 This is the factory my father used to work
13 Don’t you know the writer wrote this novel?
14 I took the damaged watch to my watch maker knows how to repair all sorts of things
15 She will take us to the town we can see old temples
16He thought much of his childhood he lived with his family in the country
17 Dr Sales is a person I don’t have much confidence
18 The boy is standing there is my son
20 I’ll introduce to you the man support is necessary for your project
21 Do you know the boy father is a teacher?
22.The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful
23 She doesn’t understand I am saying
25.I have always wanted to visit Paris, of France
A is the capital B which the capital is
C that is the capital D the capital
26 “Is this the dress to you want the package sent?”
27.The new shopping centre is big It’s advertised as a place you can find just about anything you may want to buy
28 The children, parents work late, are taken home by bus
Trang 329.The place we spent our holiday was really beautiful.
30.We are going to visit Hanoi,…… is the capital of Vietnam
31.This man studies biology What do you call him?
A What do you call a man who studies biology? B What do you call a man, who studies biology?
C What do you call a man studies biology? D What do you call a man whom studies biology?
32.Hemingway developed a very concise writing style His name is well- known throughout the world.
A Hemingway, his name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style
B Hemingway, whose is name well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style
C Hemingway, whose name is well- known throughout the world, developed a very concise writing style
D Hemingway, who developed a very concise writing style, his name is well- known throughout the world
33 This is the battle field The soldiers fought there.
A This is the battle field which the soldiers fought B This is the battle field that the soldiers fought
C This is the battle field where the soldiers fought there D This is the battle field where the soldiers fought
34 He was born in 1983.There was a severs drought that year.
A He was born in 1983 when there was a severe drought
B He was born in 1983 when was there a severe drought
C When there was a severe drought in 1983 he was born
D He was born in 1983, there was a severe drought when
35 Marie Curie,/ discovered/ who/ French/ was/ radium/,/ a/ famous/ physicist/
A Marie Curie, who was radium, discovered a famous French physicist
B Marie Curie, who discovered radium, was a famous French physicist
C Marie Curie was a famous French physicist, who discovered radium
D Marie Curie, who discovered radium was a famous, French physicist
35.Solar eclipse is a natural phenomenon It happens at different times around the world.
A Solar eclipse is a natural phenomenon happens at different times around the world
B Solar eclipse, which is a natural phenomenon, happens at different times around the world
C Solar eclipse, a natural phenomenon, happens at different times around the world
D Both (B) and (C)
36The Green World is a conference on environment It is organized every two years.
A The Green World, which is a conference on environment, is organized every two years
B The Green World, is organized every two years, is a conference on environment
C The Green World a conference on environment which is organized every two years
D The Green World which a conference on environment is organized every two years
37 The moon is the nearest planet to the earth It causes tides on the earth.
A The moon is the nearest planet to the earth, which causes tides on the earth
B The moon which nearest planet to the earth, causes tides on the earth
C The moon, which is the nearest planet to the earth, causes tides on the earth
D The moon causes tides on the earth is the nearest planet to the earth
38 The earth used to be considered the centre of the universe It is actually just a satellite of the sun.
A The earth, which used to be considered the centre of the universe, is actually just a satellite of the sun
B The earth, using to be considered the centre of the universe, is actually just a satellite of the sun
C The earth, used to be considered the centre of the universe, which is actually just a satellite of the sun
D The earth, which used to be considered the centre of the universe, which is actually just a satellite of the sun
39 I attended a course on the solar system That course was taught by Professor Harvey.
A I attended a course on the solar system, which taught by Professor Harvey
B I attended a course on the solar system, which was taught by Professor Harvey
C I attended a course which on the solar system Professor Harvey taught
D I attended a course which on the solar system Professor Harvey taught by
40 John Montagu was an English Earl He invented the sandwich.
A John Montagu, whose invented the sandwich, was an English Earl
B John Montagu, who invented the sandwich, was an English Earl
Trang 4C John Montagu, that invented the sandwich, was an English Earl
D John Montagu, invented the sandwich, was an English Earl
41 We know a lot of people……….live in London
A which B thet C whom D who
42 I live in a city………population is over one million
A which’s B that’s C who’s D whose
43.Last month we spent our holiday in Tokyo,………… there are many temples
A which B that C where D who
44.Where is the T-shirt……….she gave you on your birthday
A which B who C whom D of which
45.It would be hard to name areas……… computers are not being used
A where B how C what D when
46.He wanted to know the reason I was late
A why B for C as D because
47 A magazine which publishes every month is called a monthly magazine
A B C D
48 The painting Sun Flower, which painted by Van Goh, was stolen many times.
A B C D
49 My father, that has a special craze for cars, has just brought another sports car
A B C D
50 Earnest Hamwi, who invention of the ice cream cone brought him a lot of money, was a pastry vendor
A B C D
51 Professor Thompson, gave a lecture at our university last week, is a worlds famous physicist
A B C D
52 HCM city, that used to be called Sai Gon, is the biggest city in southern Vietnam
A B C D
53 He is working in Nha Trang, where has one of the most beatiful beaches in Vietnam
A B C D
54 Ho Chi Minh city, which named is after President Ho Chi Minh , is quite a young city
A B C D
55.Marilyn Monroe, who a famous actress, died of drug overdose
A B C D
56 I’m very grateful to Mr Anderson, whom taught me the first lessons of computer skills
A B C D
EXERCISE I : Write who, that, which, or nothing to complete these sentences :
1/ Have you got the money _ I lent you yesterday ? 2/ Peter, _ I had seen earlier, wasn’t at the party
3/ This is the machine _ cost half a million pounds
4/ Mary, _ had been listening to the conversation, looked angry
5/ Have you read the book _ I gave you ? 6/ The house, _ they bought three months ago, looks lovely
7/ Mrs.Jackson, _ had been very ill, died yesterday
8/ Is this the person _ stole your handbag ? 9/ The dog, _ had been very quiet, suddenly started barking
10/ I didn’t receive the letters _ she sent me
11/ My mother, _ hadn’t been expecting visitors, looked surprised
12/ The old man, had been talking to them earlier, knew that they were in the building 13/ The horse, _ had been injured by the flying stones, was very frightened
14/ We didn’t like the secretary _ the agency sent
15/ I didn’t find the money _ you said you’d left 16/ We visited the school _ my father taught
17/ I met her last month, _ she came to our house
Trang 518/ We all looked at the place _ the fire had started.
19/ Did they tell you the reason _ they were late?
20/ The cat sat on the wall _ it had a good view of the birds
21/ They arrived in the evening, at a time _ we were all out
22/ I couldn’t understand the reason _ they were so rude
23/ I met him in the cafeù _ he was working as a waiter
24/ I listen to music late at night, _ the children have gone to bed
25/ I bought them in August, _ I was in France
EXERCISE II : Join each pair of sentences using relative pronouns :
1/ This is the man I met him in Paris
-
2/ I wanted the painting You bought it
-
3/ This is the chair My parents gave it to me
-
4/ She’s the woman She telephoned the police
-
5/ He’s the person He wanted to buy your house
-
6/ We threw out the computer It never worked properly
-
7/ This is the lion It’s been ill recently
-
8/ The man was badly injured He was driving the car
-
9/ The children broke the window They live in the next street
-
10/ That’s the woman I was telling you about her
- _.
11/ We need a room We can study in that room
12/ Swimming makes people strong It is a good sport
-
13/ This is Mrs.Jones Her son won the championship last year
-
14/ The Smiths were given rooms in the hotel Their house had been destroyed in the explosion
-
15/ He invited her to eat out on a day It rained heavily on that day
-
16/ The house was built in 1945 They are living in that house
-
17/ The reason was that he didn’t want to make her worried He didn’t tell the truth for that reason
-
18/ The day was sunny She arrived on that day
- _
19/ I know the woman You bought the car from her son
-
20/ Are you the man ? The man won the first prize
-
Trang 6IMPROVING OUR READING SKILLS
I Answer questions 1–3 on the basis of the following passage.
The ravages [of the storm] were terrible in America, Europe, and Asia Towns were overthrown, forests
uprooted, coasts devastated by the mountains of water which were precipitated on them, vessels cast on the
shore, whole districts leveled by waterspouts, several thousand people crushed on land or drowned at sea;
such were the traces of its (3) _, left by this devastating tempest —Ralph Waldo Emerson
1 What is the meaning of the word overthrown in the context of this passage?
a surrendered b devastated c capitulated d yielded
2 What is the meaning of the word leveled as it is used in the passage?
3 Which word, if inserted in the blank, makes the most sense in the context of the passage?
II Answer questions 4–5 on the basis of the following passage.
One summer, while visiting in the little village among the Green Mountains where her ancestors had dwelt for (4) _,my Aunt Georgiana kindled the callow fancy of my uncle, Howard Carpenter, then an idle,
4 Which word, if inserted in the blank, makes the most sense in the context of the passage?
5 What is the meaning of the word shiftless as it is used in the passage?
III Answer questions 6–7 on the basis of the following passage.
Experts who study rhesus monkeys have determined that the species uses facial expressions to
communicate
with each other and to enforce social order For example, the fear grimace—although it looks ferocious—is
actually given by a (6) _ monkey who is intimidated by a (7) _ member of the group
6 What is the meaning of the word grimace as it is used in the passage?
7 Which pair of words or phrases, if inserted into the blanks in sequence, makes the most sense in the writer’s context?
a calm aggressive b dominant subordinate
c confident fearless d subordinate dominant
IV Answer question 8–10 on the basis of the following passage.
In space flight there are the obvious (8) _ of meteors—debris and radiation However, astronauts
must also deal with two vexing physiological foes—muscle atrophy and bone loss.
8 Which word, if inserted in the blank, makes the most sense in the context of the passage?
9 The phrase vexing physiological foes as used in the paragraph refers to
10 The word atrophy as used in the paragraph most nearly means _
V Answer questions 11–13 on the basis of the following passage.
There are as many types of business correspondence as there are kinds of corporate atmospheres Office environments come in all sizes and can be ordinary and traditional or quirky entrepreneurial offices; some of them actually started in garages Others can be very formal,multinational behemoths.
11 What is the meaning of the word atmospheres as it is used in the passage?
12 What is the meaning of the word quirky as it is used in the passage?
13 Which of the following words is a synonym for behemoth?