Organizational behavior 7e by luthans chap001

Learning Objectives• Provide an overview of major challenges and the paradigm shift facing management.. • Present the social cognitive model, serves as a conceptual framework... Challe

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved.

Introduction to Organizational

Behavior

Chapter One

Learning Objectives

• Provide an overview of major challenges and the

paradigm shift facing management

• Outline an organizational behavior perspective.

• Summarize the Hawthorne studies, a starting

point of modern organizational behavior

• Explain methodology used to accumulate

knowledge and facilitate understanding

• Relate the various theoretical framework that

serves as a foundation

• Present the social cognitive model, serves as a

conceptual framework

• Competitive advantage of an organization

today is represented by:

– Human resource of an organization and how

they are managed

– Widely recognized as human capital, social

capital and positive psychological capital

Challenges Facing Management

• Problems facing managers of human

organization have not changed over the ages

– Emphasis and surrounding environmental context has

changed.

– 21st -century environment requires new thinking and new ways of managing

– This environment represents disruptive and

discontinuous change

– It represents a new paradigm, a new way of thinking

about the workplace.

Undergoing a Paradigm Shift

• Paradigm, establishes rules, defines boundaries,

and tells one how to behave within these

boundaries to be successful

– Paradigm shifts have invalidated advantages of

certain firms and created new opportunities for others

– Paradigm effect, not seeing the change occurring.

• There is considerable resistance to change.

• There is a discontinuous change in the shift to the

new paradigm.

New Perspective for Management

• Management has three major dimensions:

– Technical, conceptual, and human.

• New perspective is based on the assumption:

– Employees are extremely complex.

– There is a need for theoretical understanding backed

by rigorous empirical research.

• Jeff Pfeffer has summarized the status of the

organizational behavior approach as:

– “One-eighth” situation

– “The Knowing-Doing Gap”

Hawthorne Studies

• Provided historical roots for the notion of a

social organization.

– The illumination studies: A serendipitous

discovery

– Subsequent phases of the Hawthorne studies. – Implications of the Hawthorne studies

• Hawthorne effect

Research Methodology

• Overall scientific perspective

– Organizational behavior principles can be

provided for the effective management of

human behavior in organizations

• Starting with theory

– Theories allow the researcher to deduce

logical propositions or hypotheses that can be tested by acceptable research designs

Research Methodology

Continued

Research Methodology

Continued

• Use of research designs

– Three designs most often used today are the

experiment, the case, and the survey

• Validity of studies

– Study must have both internal validity and

external validity in order to make a meaningful

contribution to the body of knowledge

Defining Organization Behavior

• The understanding, prediction, and

management of human behavior in

organizations.

– Relationship to other fields

• All managers need to have an understanding and

perspective of organizational behavior.

– Organizational behavioral approach to

management

• The human side of management

Defining Organizational Behavior

Continued

Theoretical Frameworks

• Cognitive Framework

– Precede behavior and constitute input into the

person’s thinking, perception, problem solving, and information processing.

• Behavioristic Framework

– Dealing with observable behaviors.

• Social Cognitive Framework

– Behavior can best be explained in terms of a

continuous reciprocal interaction among cognitive, behavioral, and environmental determinants.

Social Cognitive Framework

Continued

Social Cognitive Framework

Continued

Conceptual Framework for the Text

Questions