Organizational behavior 7e by luthans chap012

Learning Objectives• Define the theoretical processes of learning: behavioristic, cognitive, and social.. • Overview of learning theory and principles that serve as a foundation and po

McGraw-Hill/Irwin © 2008 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved.

Behavioral Performance Management

Chapter Twelve

Learning Objectives

• Define the theoretical processes of learning:

behavioristic, cognitive, and social

• Discuss the principle of reinforcement, with special

attention given to the law of effect, positive and

negative reinforcers, and punishment

• Analyze organizational reward systems,

emphasizing both monetary and nonfinancial

rewards.

• Present the steps and results of behavioral

performance management, or organizational

behavior modification (O B Mod.).

• Overview of learning theory and principles

that serve as a foundation and point of

departure for presenting the behavioral

management approach

Learning Theory Background

• Behavioristic theories

– Classical conditioning

stimulus, becomes a conditioned stimulus and elicits a conditioned response

– Operant conditioning

behavior

Learning Theory Background

Continued

• Examples of classic and operant conditioning

Learning Theory Background

Continued

• Cognitive Theories

– Relationship between cognitive environmental

cues and expectation

Learning Theory Background

Continued

• Social learning and social cognitive theory

– Social learning

modeling, and self-control processes.

– Social cognition

sustain behavior:

– Symbolizing, forethought, vicarious/modeling learning, selfregulation, and self-reflection.

Learning Theory Background

Continued

• Social learning and social cognitive theory

(continued)

– Modeling processes

– Attention, retention, motoric reproduction, and

reinforcement.

– Self-efficacy

execute the courses of action required to produce given attainments

Principles of Learning:

Reinforcement and Punishment

• Laws of behavior

– Law of effect

– Extinction principle or law

• Critique of reinforcement theory

– Person’s cognitive rationalizations might

neutralize them

• Reinforcement as used in behavioral

management

– Rewards and reinforcers

Principles of Learning:

Reinforcement and Punishment

Continued

• Positive and negative reinforcers

Principles of Learning:

Reinforcement and Punishment

Continued

• Use of punishment

– Meaning of punishment

subsequent frequency

– Administering punishment

– Guidelines for discipline

order to change behavior

Role of Organizational Reward

Systems

• Analysis of money as a reinforcer

• Nonfinancial rewards

– Social recognition and attention

– Performance feedback

Role of Organizational Reward

Systems Continued

• Nonfinancial rewards (continued) - Categories

Behavioral Performance, Management, or O B Mod

• Step 1: Identification of performance

behaviors

– Systematic behavioral audit

• Step 2: Measurement of the behavior

– Baseline measure

• Step 3: Functional analysis of the behavior

– ABC analysis - antecedents (A) and consequences (C) of the target behavior (B)

Behavioral Performance, Management,

• Step 3: Functional analysis of the behavior

(continued)

Behavioral Performance, Management,

• Step 4: Development of an Intervention

Strategy

– Positive reinforcement strategy

– Punishment-positive reinforcement strategy

• Step 5: Evaluation to ensure performance

improvement

Behavioral Performance, Management,

• Application of behavioral management

– Employee productivity

– Absenteeism and tardiness

– Safety and accident prevention

– Sales performance

• Manufacturing versus service applications

Questions