Year book of pediatrics 2016 share CLB nhi khoa y huế

Autism Occurrence by MMR Vaccine Status Among US Children With Older Siblings With andWithout Autism Abstract Commentary Impact of a behavioural sleep intervention on symptoms and sleep

Year Book®

Michael D Cabana, MD, MPH

Allan M Goldstein, MD

Pascal Scemama De Gialluly, MD, MBA Alan R Schroeder, MD

ISSN 0084-3954

VOLUME 2016 • NUMBER SUPPL (C) • 2016

Elsevier

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Adolescent Predictors of Young Adult Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization AmongAustralian Youth

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Transversus Abdominis Plane Block in Children: A Multicenter Safety Analysis of 1994 Casesfrom the PRAN (Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network) Database

Abstract

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Controlled Trial of Transfusions for Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Sickle Cell Anemia

Abstract

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Autism Occurrence by MMR Vaccine Status Among US Children With Older Siblings With andWithout Autism

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Impact of a behavioural sleep intervention on symptoms and sleep in children with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder, and parental mental health: randomised controlled trial

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Effect of an Enhanced Medical Home on Serious Illness and Cost of Care Among High-RiskChildren With Chronic Illness: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

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Why Parents Use the Emergency Department During Evening Hours for Nonemergent PediatricCare

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Dexamethasone pretreatment for 24 h versus 6 h for prevention of postextubation airwayobstruction in children: a randomized double-blind trial

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Protocolized Sedation vs Usual Care in Pediatric Patients Mechanically Ventilated for AcuteRespiratory Failure: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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Adults with childhood-onset chronic conditions admitted to US pediatric and adult intensivecare units

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The Longitudinal Effects of Physical Activity and Dietary Calcium on Bone Mass AccrualAcross Stages of Pubertal Development

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Respiratory Outcomes of the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oximetry Randomized Trial(SUPPORT)

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Endotracheal Suction for Nonvigorous Neonates Born through Meconium Stained AmnioticFluid: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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Effect of Depth and Duration of Cooling on Deaths in the NICU Among Neonates WithHypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

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Coparenting Breastfeeding Support and Exclusive Breastfeeding: A Randomized ControlledTrial

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Economic Burden of Atopic Dermatitis in High-Risk Infants Receiving Cow's Milk or PartiallyHydrolyzed 100% Whey-Based Formula

Abstract

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Renal Cell Carcinoma in Children, Adolescents and Young Adults: A National CancerDatabase Study

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Breast Cancer in Female Survivors of Wilms Tumor: A Report From the National WilmsTumor Late Effects Study

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Antibiotic Prophylaxis to Prevent Surgical Site Infections in Children: A Prospective CohortStudy

From lip to lab: salty tasting skin is the main clue that raises clinical suspicion of cysticfibrosis in young infants

Abstract

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Variants in Solute Carrier SLC26A9 Modify Prenatal Exocrine Pancreatic Damage in CysticFibrosis

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Rheumatology

Clinical Features, Treatment, and Outcome of Macrophage Activation Syndrome ComplicatingSystemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Multinational, Multicenter Study of 362 Patients

Netherlands: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Emitting Diode Screen Exposure in Male Teenagers

To assess the evolution of sexual dysfunctions among young males after an average of

15 months follow-up to determine the predictive factors for this evolution and thecharacteristics differentiating young males who continue reporting a sexual dysfunction fromthose who do not

Methods

We conducted a prospective cohort study in two Swiss military recruitment centers mandatoryfor all Swiss national males aged 18–25 years A total of 3,700 sexually active young males

filled out a questionnaire at baseline (T0) and follow-up (T1: 15.5 months later) Mainoutcome measures were self-reported premature ejaculation (PE) and erectile dysfunction(ED).

Results

Overall, 43.9% of young males who reported (PE) and 51% of those reporting (ED) at T0 stillreported it at T1 Moreover, 9.7% developed a PE problem and 14.4% developed an EDproblem between T0 and T1 Poor mental health, depression, and consumption of medicationwithout prescription were predictive factors for PE and ED Poor physical health, alcoholconsumption, and less sexual experience were predictive factors for PE ED persistence wasassociated with having multiple sexual partners

Conclusions

This is the first longitudinal study to examine sexual dysfunctions among young males Ourresults show high prevalence rates among young males for maintaining or developing a sexualdysfunction over time Consequently, when consulting with young males, health professionalsshould inquire about sexual dysfunctions as part of their routine psychosocial assessment andleave the subject open for discussion Future research should examine in more detail therelationship between sexual dysfunctions and poor mental health (Tables 2 and 4)

Table 2

Multivariate Analysis Predicting the Development of a Premature Ejaculation (PE) Between T0 and T1 (Controlling for Age)

Multivariate Analysis Predicting Maintaining an Erectile Dysfunction Between T0 and T1 (Controlling for Age and Duration of Sexual Experience)

The word “sex” has a number of meanings in the English language, although the word itself

stems from the Latin word sexus, which is rooted in the Latin verb secare, for the action of

of the 21st century

We do not know what adults 50 000 years and before thought, if at all, about the seeminglyendless concupiscible appetite of their youth who later were often perceived as eristic,fainéant creatures After writing evolved from the ancient Sumerians in 3200 bc, we know thatadults have been perplexed and irritated with the sexual behavior of their youth Witness thisCimmerian opine of the famous ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 to 322 bc), which hasresonated down through the ages both before him and after:

If a Laodicean society is deep into paralyzing procrastination with regard to dealing with theperceived edacious sexual behavior of its youth, the topic of sexual dysfunction in adolescenceand young adulthood may seem like it belongs in another era in a faraway place in the future.Are we to observe coital behavior among our youth and then study their sexual dysfunctions aswell? Adolescent coital behavior has continued for thousands of years despite societal

admonitions and the sexual debut of humans in all lands remains at 16 (14-17) years of agedepending on a salmagundi of factors including ethnicity, gender, location, and others;intercourse for the first time before age 13 is noted in 5.6% of American youth.7 , 8 Are we tohelp them improve their sexual dysfunctions as clinicians seek to do with adults? Or do westudy it, provide an Aristotelian jeremiad about juvenescent sex, and then capriciously, evencallously, ignore it, resulting in a Cadmean victory for the status quo—good for the adults anddeleterious for their youth.

Enter this sagacious study by Akre et al on sexual dysfunction in young men aged 18 to

25 years.9 It highlights a cultural stereotype that sexual dysfunction is only a problem of theelderly and not something young men face This study also identifies a gallimaufry of riskfactors that may be influencing premature ejaculation (PE) (Table 2) and erection dysfunction(ED) (Table 4) in young men, such as smoking, consumption of illegal drugs or medicationwithout prescription, poor mental and physical health, being a student (rather than working),lack of physical activity, and lack of sexual experience This study also helps to remove stigmaassociated with these concerns as well as possibly encourage young men with PE and ED toseek medical intervention

A significant asset to this study is the large sample size from young men being recruited intothe Swiss military Considering military service is compulsory for all Swiss men, a diversityexists within the sample that is likely better than it otherwise would have been The drawbacks

to the methodology are the data collection method of self-report with only a couple ofquestions used to assess PE and ED The results are noteworthy with the fact that, for the mostpart, sexual dysfunction continued after a 15-month period and thus, medical intervention may

be needed It does not appear that the study discovered any “evolution” of sexual dysfunction(as the title suggests) but rather helped confirm already identified types of male sexualdysfunction

This report indicated that there is a causal, bidirectional relationship between sexualdysfunction and poor mental health It is not clear what the current study is supporting in thisregard; however, the study does little to suggest a causal relationship Such a linear view is toonarrow However, the acknowledgment of mental health factors affecting what initially appears

as a medical problem should be applauded and more greatly stressed Yes, this study wastechnically longitudinal; however, there were no interventions during this time; sexualdysfunction was simply measured at 2 different times This report may serve as a good initialstep in studying sexual dysfunction in young men and the relationship between sexualdysfunction and mental health functioning Further work needs to be done in terms ofinterventions in longitudinal studies as well as much improved methods This topic would begreat for qualitative inquiry

Such research may open the door for cognizant clinicians to consider sexual behavior of ayounger population Traditionally we teach our medical students, residents, and others to askyouth about sexual behavior with the intention of recommending condoms as well ascontraception in attempts to lower the prevalence of STDs and unwanted pregnancy in sexuallyactive youth Discussing issues of sexual dysfunction and its management may give a clear

signal to this young person that the clinician is irrefragably interested in their total needs Itwill also provide valuable education about the importance of sexual function in humans thatthese young persons can take with them for the rest of their lives One can teach that sexualbehavior can be a prelude to parlous problems as well as healthy living.

Not all youth are sexually active, and encouragement to remain coitally abstinent cancertainly be part of the candid clinician's message However, many youth are or will besexually active, and we can help them prevent complications from their high-risk behaviors

Each youth is unique (sui generis), and some have seemingly capricious, impulsive, bacchanal

behavior in contrast to the Arcadian lifestyle adults often assume for their own children wherecomprehensive sex education is not necessary The professional clinician can help thisindividual hebetic patient in the office setting and serve as an abri in the seemingly turbulentodyssey of many youth with regard to human sexuality

A study of sexual health and sexual performance leads the clinician to a wide range ofmedical and psychological causes of sexual dysfunction Does this young patient have a right toknow that some prescription medications (ie, antidepressants [selective serotonin reuptakeinhibitors], antipsychotics, antihypertensives, contraceptives, chemotherapy drugs) and illegaldrugs can lead to sexual dysfunction (sometimes chronic)? Do we wait until adulthood todiagnose the pelvic steal syndrome or Leriche syndrome? What about youth with chronicillness (ie, obesity, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, neoplasms, neurological disorders),neurodevelopmental disorders, spinal cord injuries, genital anomalies (ie, hypospadias,chordee), colostomies, or amputations? What if a teen is blind or deaf? What if they have beensexually abused? Are they only belatedly informed in adulthood about iatric management forsexual dysfunction because of sacerdotal sanctions on sex education?

Who is our patient—the adolescent or the parents (guardians)? Do we clinicians help ouradolescent patients in an Icarian or comprehensive manner for their benefit now and into theirfuture? Our pococurante society is not ready for such a bold step now and sexual behavior ofthe young is often viewed as an ignominious incubus or bête noire to adults However, if wecan help an 18-year-old young man, how about helping persons at the eoan period of adult lifewhen sexual behavior is initiating and the seeds of sexual dysfunction are being planted? Doesthe clinician wait until the age of majority to tell him or her about sexual health, or can onestart with the age as defined by the mature minor doctrine? Can we help the female adolescent

as well in the lasting leitmotif of healthy sexual behavior for all humans.1 , 10 A long journeybegins with early salient steps and this precedent study by Akre pushes us in the rightadumbrated yet discussive demarche This would be a real evolution in neoteric health care forthe adolescent in the 21st century if we can assiduously augment adolescent sexual healthstarting in the second decade of life.11

Efficacy of a Telephone-Delivered Sexually Transmitted Infection/Human

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of a telephone counseling prevention maintenance intervention (PMI)

up

to sustain STI/HIV-preventive behaviors and reduce incident STIs during a 36-month follow-Design, Setting, and Participants

In a 2-arm randomized supplemental treatment trial at 3 clinics serving predominantly minorityadolescents in Atlanta, Georgia, 701 African American adolescent girls aged 14 to 20 yearsreceived a primary treatment and subsequently received a different (supplemental) treatment(PMI) to enhance effects of the primary treatment

Comparison-Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were percentage of participants with a laboratory-confirmed incidentchlamydial infection and percentage of participants with a laboratory-confirmed gonococcalinfection during the 36-month follow-up Behavioral outcomes included the following: (1)proportion of condom-protected sexual acts in the 6 months and 90 days prior to assessments;(2) number of sexual episodes during the past 90 days in which participants engaged in sexualintercourse while high on drugs and/or alcohol; and (3) number of vaginal sex partners in the

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00279799 (Fig 1)