Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 12 (tập 1) phần 1

- GV giang giai: + 6 sinh vat nhan thuc vung ma hoa khdng lien tuc ciia gen khi phien ma se tdng hgp thanh nhirng phan tir tien mARN chua cd hoat tfnh va phai ghep, - HS thao luan, van d

Thiet ke bai giang SINH HOC 1 2 - T A P MOT

TRAN KHANH PHUONG

NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI

Chiu trdch nhiem xudt bdn:

NGUYIN KHAC OANH

PHAM QU6C TUAN

In 2000 cuon, khd 17 x 24 cm, tai Cong ty Co phan in Khoa hoc cong nghe mdi Giay phep xuat ban so: 127 - 2008/CXB/lOO q TK - 05/HN

in xong va nop luU chieu nam 2008

J.^aL noi ddu

De M trey alio viic day - hgc mon Sinh hoc 12 theo chttOng trinh sach giao Ixhoa mdi ban hanh nam hgc 2008 - 2009, chiing toi viet cudh Thie't ke bii giang Sinh hgc 12 Sach gidi thieu mgt each thiit l<i'bai giang Sinh hgc 12 theo tinh thin ddi mdi phvtdngphap day hgc nhdm phat huy tinh tich cite nhan thiic cua hgc sinh

Ve Noi dung : Sach bam sat ndi dung sach giao khoa Sinh hgc 12 theo

chirctng trinh mdi gdm 48 bai Ngoai ra sach cd mc^ rgng, bd sung them mgt sd ndi dung liin quan den bai hgc bdng nhiiu hoat ddng nhdm cung cdp thim ttf liiu de cac thay, cd giao tham khao vdn dung tuy theo ddi tu'dng hgc sinh timg dia ph ttcfng

Ve phuofng phap day — hpc : Sach dttgc triin khai theo hwdng tich cite

hoa hoat ddng cua hgc sinh, Idy cd sd cua mdi hoat ddng la nhiing viec lam cua hgc sinh ditdi sithitdng din, gdi mc} cua thiy, cd giao Sach cOng dua ra nhiiu hinh thiic hoat ddng hdp ddn, phd hdp vdi dac diim mdn hgc, dam bao tinh chdn thuc va khoa hgc giup cac em Imh hdi kiin thiic Sinh hgc mdt each cd chai Ittdng nhai, nhd bai va thudc bai ngay trin ldp Sach con chi ro boat ddng cu thi cua giao viin va hgc sinh tiong mdt tiin tiinh Day- hgc, coi day la hai hoat ddng cung nhau tiong dd ca giao viin

va hgc sinh dSu la chu thi

Chiing tdi hi vgng eudn sach nay se la tai liiu tham khao hOu ich giup cac thiy, cd giao day mdn Sinh hgc 12 tiong viic nang cao hiiu qua bai giang cua minh Ddng thdi rdt mong nhan diTdc nhiing y kidn ddng gdp cua cac thiy, cd giao va ban dgc gin xa di cudh sach ngay cang hoan tliiin hctn

TAC GIA

MUC LUC

Trang

Ldi noi dau 3

Phan 5 Dl TRUYEN HOC ChiTdng I CO CHE Dl TRUYEN VA BIEN Dl

Bai 1 Gen - Ma di truyen va qua trinh nhan doi cua ADN 5

Bai 2 Phien ma va dich ma 16

Bai 3 Dieu hoa hoat dong cCia gen 29

Bai 4 Dot bie'n gen 38

Bai 5 Nhiem sac the va dot bie'n cau true nhiem sac the 51

Bai 6 Dot bie'n so It/dng nhiem sac the 63

Bai 7 Thu'c hanh: Quan sat cac dang dot bie'n so lu'dng nhilm sac the

tren tieu ban co djnh va tren tieu ban tam thdi 75

ChUdng II TINH QUY LUAT CUA HIEN TUONG Dl TRUYEN

Bai 8 Quy luat Menden: Quy luat phan li 80

Bai 9 Quy luat Menden: Quy luat phan li doc lap 92

Bai 10 Ttfdng tac gen va tac dong da hieu cua gen 103

Bai 11 Lien ket gen va hoan vi gen 120

Bai 12 Di truyen lien ke't vdi gidi tfnh va di truyen ngoai nhan 133

Bai 13 anh hifdng cua moi trurdng len sir bieu hien cua gen 148

Bai 14 Thiic hanh: Lai giong 160

Bai 15 Bai tap chtMng I va chu'dng II 165

ChiTdng ill Dl TRUYEN HOC QUAN THE Bai 16 Ca'u true di truyen cCia quan the 179

Bai 17 Ca'u true di truyen cua quan the (Tiep theo) 189

ChiTdng IV UNG DUNG Dl TRUYEN HOC Bai 18 Chon giong vat nuoi va cay trong di/a tren nguon bien di td hdp 202

Bai 19 Tao gidng bang phu-dng phap gay dot bien va cong nghe te bao 213

Bai 20 Tao gidng nhd cong nghe gen 224

ChiTdng V Dl TRUYEN HOC NGUOl

Bai 21 Di truyen y hoc 239

Bai 22 Bao ve vdn gen cua loai ngi/di va mot sd van de xa hoi

cua di truyen hoc 253

Bai 23 On tap phan di truyen hpc 267

VA QUA TRINH NHAN DOI CUA A D N

I MUC TIEU

L Kien thuTc

- HS trinh bay dirgfc khai niem, ca'u triic chung cua gen

- HS neu ducrc khai niem ma di truyen va cac dac tinh chung ma di truyen

- HS mo ta dugc cac budc ciia qua trinh nhan ddi ADN lam ca sd cho su nhan doi NST thdng qua viec quan sat md hinh tai ban ADN

2 KT nang

Ren mdt so ki nang:

- Quan sat, nhan biet, phan tich va khai quat kien thtic

- Van diing kie'n thiic cu de ciing cd, khac sau kien thiic mdi

II CHUAN B!

- Tranh hinh SGK phdng to, tranh ca'u tnic phan tu ADN

- Md hlnh dong hoac phim ve qua trinh nhan ddi ADN

Thong tin bo sung:

- Quan niem co dien ve gen:

+ Menden chi ra rang tfnh di truyen la su ton tai ciia cac nhan td di truyen xac dinh su phat trien cac tinh trang nao dd dugc duy tri d dang thuan khidt chii

khdng trdn lan vdi cac nhan to khac, khdng bi tieu bidn va dugc truyen tii the

ht nay sang the he khac

+ Cudi the ki 19 cac nha te bao hoc da xua't phat tiit dac tmh ciia cac NST rieng re va tinh chinh xac cao trong su phan li ciia chiing trong phan bao da dua

ra gia thuyet la cac nhan td di truyen nam tren cac NST

+ Nam 1909 W.Johansen da de nghi ggi nhan td di truyen la gen TiT dd ban cha't cua gen la va'n de trung tam ciia di truyen hgc, nd ludn phan anh miic

do phat trien, nhiing thanh tuu va nhiing van de cdn tdn tai cua di truyen hgc + Nhimg bien ddi co ban trong quan niem ve gen dugc dua ra trong cac cdng trinh cua T.Mocgan: Cac gen nam trong tat ca cac NST, ca NST thudng

va NST gidi tinh, sap xdp theo dudng thang, trong dd tao nhdm gen lien ket

- Quan niem hien dai ve gen

Cac loai gen

+ Cac gen ca'u triic: La gen mang thdng tin cSn cho su tong hgp cac prdtein enzim

+ Cac gen mang thdng tin can cho sii tong hgp tARN

+ Cac gen mang thdng tin tdng hgp rARN

+ Cac viing dem (spacer) tach biet cac gen

+ Cac viing ma hoa cac tin hieu khdi d^u va ket thiic phien ma va mdt sd vung thuc hien hang loat cac chiic nang hien chua dugc lam sang td

Phie'u hoc tap TIM HIEU CAU TRUC CHUNG cCiA GEN CAU TRUC

^^^^-.^^ Cac vung

Noi dung ^^~ .^^

I.Vjtri

2 Dac diem

Dieu hoa dau gen IVIa hoa Ket thuc

HOAT OONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- GV kiem tra vd ghi, SGK

+ Nghien ciiu SGK muc

1 trang 6 va ket hgp vdi

kidn thiic sinh hgc 9 ve

gen

+ Trinh bay khai niem

gen Cho vf du

- GV nhan xet va giiip

HS hoan thien kien thiic

Npi dung

1 Khai niem gen

- Gen la 1 doan ciia phan tu ADN mang thdng tin ma hoa mdt chudi pdlipeptft hay 1 phan tii ARN

- Vf du:

+ Gen Hemdgldbin an pha (Hb a) ma hoa chu5i pdlipeptft a tao Hb

+ Gen tARN ma hoa phan tii tARN

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV sir dung thdng tin

bd sung de giang giai

them kien thiic ve gen

- GV neu yeu cau

+ Nghien ciiu SGK

+ Hoan thanh ndi dung

phieu hgc tap "Tim hieu

ca'u triic chung ciia gen

ca'u triic''

- GV ke phieu hgc tap

len bang de cac nhdm

chiia bai

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va thdng bao dap an

Hogt dpng cua HS

- HS hoat ddng nhdm

+ Ca nhan thu nhan kien thiic tir SGK va hlnh 1.1, tranh ca'u tnic phan tii ADN

+ Ca nhan van dung kien thiic sinh hgc THCS rdi trao ddi nhdm thdng nha't y kien

- Dai dien nhdm ghi ket qua len bang -> ldp nhan xet, bo sung

Oieu hoa dau gen

- Nam a dau cua gen

- 06 trinh tU nucleotit dac biet giup ARN polimeraza nhan bie't

va lien ke't de khoi dong qua trinh phien

ma

- 06 trinh ty nucleotit dieu hoa qua trinh phien ma

Ma hoa

- Nam 6 trung tam cua gen

- Mang thong tin ma hoa cac axit amin

+ Sinh vat nhan so: 06 vung ma hoa lien tuc (gen khong phan manh)

+ Sinh vat nhan thyc: 06 vung ma hoa khong lien tuc (gen phan manh) Xen ke cac doan ma hoa axit amin (exon) la cac doan khong

ma hoa axit amin (intron)

Ke't thuc

- Nam 6 cudi gen

Mang tin hieu ke't thuc phien ma

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cUa HS Npi dung

- GV nha'n manh kien

thiic

+ Gen lam khudn de tdng

hgp ARN thuc chat la

qua trinh sao ma

+ Trong 2 mach

polinucledtft ciia gen chi

cd 1 mach chiia thdng tin

ggi la mach khudn cd

- GV neu van de:

+ Tai sao lai ggi la vung

ma hoa?

+ Tai sao viing ma hoa d

sinh vat nhan so va sinh

vat nhan chuan lai khac

nhau?

- GV giang giai:

+ 6 sinh vat nhan thuc

vung ma hoa khdng lien

tuc ciia gen khi phien ma

se tdng hgp thanh nhirng

phan tir tien mARN chua

cd hoat tfnh va phai ghep,

- HS thao luan, van dung kien thtic de tra ldi

+ Viing mang thdng tin

de ma hoa axit amin

+ Su khac nhau ve vung

ma hoa giiia sinh vat nhan chuan va sinh vat nhan so lien quan den cau tao, su phiic tap hoa ciia chu'c nang trong qua trinh tien hda ciia sinh vat

Hogt dpng cda GV

chgn lgc trudc khi di vao

te bao chat de thurc hien

dich ma

+ Thuc chat intron la

nhiing doan du thira ddng

vai trd du trii ciia vat chat

- HS hieu khai niem ma di truyen

- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc dac diem ciia ma di truydn

Hogt dpng cua GV

- GV dan dat:

Em hay cho vf du ve

viec truyen thdng tin

dudi dang mat ma

- GV neu van de: d cac

sinh vat, dac biet la

ngudi, cac dac diem ciia

bd me dugc truyen lai

cho con cai bang each

nao?

- GV hdi: Md'i quan he

giiia gen va tfnh trang

dugc bieu hien nhu the

- HS van dung kien thiic THCS de tra ldi: Bd me truyen cho con cac dac tfnh cua minh thdng qua gen

- HS viet so dd md'i lien quan giiia gen va tfnh trang

+ Gen (ADN) -^ mARN

-^ prdtein -^ tfnh trang

+ Nucledtit -> axit amin

Npi dung

1 Khai niem ma di truyen

Hogt dpng cua GV

- GV khang dinh: Viec

truyen dat cac tfnh trang

t\i thd he nay qua the he

khac dudi dang ma di

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va yeu cau HS khai quat

kien thiic

- GV hudng dan HS

theo bang 1 SGK trang 8

- GV neu cau hdi: Ma di

truyen cd dac diem gl?

Hogt dpng cUa HS

- HS hoat ddng nhdm

+ Ca nhan nghien ciiu SGK trang 7 muc IT nhan biet kie'n thiic

+ Thao luan nhdm thd'ng nha't y kien

- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Khai niem ma di truyen

+ Thuc nghiem chirng minh dugc: Ba nucledtit diing lien nhau quy dinh

1 axit amin

+ Cd 64 bd ba va chi cd

62 bd ba ma hoa axit amin

- Dai dien nhdm trinh bay ldp nhan xet, bd sung

- HS khai quat kien thirc

- HS nghien cun thdng tin SGK trang 7

- Tdm tat cac dac diem cua ma di truydn

Npi dung

- Ma di truyen la trinh

tu sap xep cac nucledtit trong gen (trong mach khudn) quy dinh trinh tu sap xep cac axit amin trong prdtein

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV bd sung kien thiic

+ Ma di truyen la ma

mdt chieu, thdng tin bat

dau dugc tinh tit diem

xuat phat d dau gen cho

den diem ket thiic d cud'i

gen

+ Ma di truyen cd nhiing

bg ba md dau va bd ba

ket thiic dac hieu

- De cung cd kien thiic

ve ma di truyen GV yeu

cau HS

+ Viet 1 doan gen bat kl

cd trinh tu cac nucledtit

+ Tir gen tdng hgp

mARN va prdtein

Hogt dpng cUa HS

- HS: 2 - 3 em viet len bang -^ ldp nhan xet, bd sung

Xe rin

2 Dac diem cua ma di truyen

- Ma di truyen dugc dgc tii mdt diem xac dinh theo tung bd ba nucledtit

ma khdng gdi len nhau

- Ma di truyen cd tinh phd bien (trii' mdt vai ngoai le)

- Ma di truyen cd tfnh dac hieu

- Ma di truyen mang tfnh thoai hoa

Hogt dpng 3

TIM HIEU QUA TRINH NHAN DOI ADN (TAI BAN ADN)

Muc tieu:

- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc cac budc chii yeu cua qua trinh nhan ddi ADN

- HS giai thfch dugc each tdng hgp 2 mach ciia phan tii ADN

Hogt dpng cua GV

- GV yeu cau HS:

+ Tnnh bay qua trinh

nhan ddi ciia ADN

+ Tra ldi cau hdi: ADN

tu nhan ddi theo nguyen

tac nao? Cac thanh phan

tham gia vao qua trinh

nhan ddi

- G V giang giai: ADN

nhan ddi la qua trinh

phiic tap ddi hdi cd su

tham gia cua cac enzim

va nang lugng

- GV cd the sir dung so

dd ddng ket hgp vdi hlnh

1.2 SGK trang 9 hoac cho

HS xem phim ve qua

trinh nhan ddi cua ADN

- GV yeu cau:

+ Trinh bay cac budc chii

yeu trong qua trinh nhan

ddi ADN

+ Giai thfch tai sao tren

mdi chac tai ban chi cd

mdt mach ciia phan tur

ADN dugc tdng hgp lien

tuc, mach cdn lai tdng

hgp mdt each gian doan?

- GV yeu cau mdt vai HS

jrinh bay tren so dd hay

Hogt dpng cda HS

- HS van dung kien thiic

sinh hgc ldp 9 de tra ldi dugc:

+ ADN nhan ddi liic NST d ki trung gian

+ Nguyen tac cua qua trinh nhan ddi: nguyen tac bd sung, ban bao toan

Npi dung

- HS hoat ddng ca nhan,

thu nhan kien thiic tir viec quan sat, theo doi phim anh

- HS hoat ddng nhdm, thao luan ve cac budc thuc hien qua trinh nhan ddi va tra ldi cau hdi

- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Do enzim ADN pdlimeraza tdng hgp

Hogt dpng cUa GV

tranh hlnh ve qua trinh

nhan ddi ADN

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kien thiic

Hogt dpng cda HS

theo mgt chieu iing vdi mgt mach khudn 3' - 5' nen mach cdn lai phai tdng hgp ngat quang + Phan tii ADN cd 2 mach pdlinucledtit ddi song song (3"-5', 5'-3")

- Dai dien HS trinh bay

y kie'n —> ldp nhan xet

- Qua trinh nhan ddi ADN tien hanh theo 3 budc

+ Budc 1: Thao xoan phan tii ADN

Nhd enzim thao xoan 2 mach don ciia phan tii ADN tach nhau dSn dan, tao nen chac tai ban hlnh chii Y, Id ra mach khudn cd dSu

3 ' - 5 ' + Budc 2: tdng hgp cac mach mdi

Enzun ADN - pdlimeraza sii dung mdt mach lam khudn tdng hcfp nen |

Hogt dpng cUa GV

- GV bd sung kie'n thiic:

+ Nam 1969 nha bac hgc

Okazaki phat hien ra

rang nhd enzim

ADN-pdlimeraza II ma

chac mang dSu 5 se tim

ra rat nhieu diem khdi

dSu

+ Mach bd sung vdi nd se

dugc tien hanh thanh

nhieu doan ngan, va ddi

hdi cd ARN mdi

+ Enzim ADN-ligaza ndi

cac doan thanh mach lien

tuc

* Lien he: Trong tuang

lai cd the nhan ddi mdt

doan ADN nao dd trong

phdng thf nghiem tao ra

rat nhieu de sii dung

Hogt dpng ciia HS Npi dung

mach mdi theo nguyen tac bd sung

• Tren mach khudn chieu 3' - 5' thi mach bd sung dugc tdng hgp lien tuc

• Tren mach khudn chieu 5' - 3' mach bd sung dugc tdng hgp ngat quang tao thanh cac doan ngan okazaki sau dd ndi vdi nhau nhd enzim

+ Budc 3: Hai phan tii ADN con dugc tao thanh

Trong mdi ADN con cd mdt mach la mach mdi dugc tdng hgp cdn mach kia la mach ciia ADN me

4 Kiem tra danh gia

- GV yeu cSu HS tdm tat kien thiic ccf ban ciia bai hgc

- GV cho HS lam bai tap trac nghiem

Cau 1: Thii tu cac viing cua gen cau triic la

A Viing dieu hoa dau gen -> vung ket thiic —> viing ma hoa

B Vung ma hoa -> viing dieu hoa dau gen —> viing ket thiic

C Viing dieu hoa dau gen -^ vung ma hoa -> viing ket thiic

D Viing ke't thiic -> Viing ma hoa -^ viing dieu hoa dau gen

Cau 2: Ma di truyen cd dac diem

A Ma di truyen dugc dgc tii 1 diem xac dinh theo tirng bd ba nucledtit khdng gdi len nhau

B Ma di truyen cd tfnh phd bien cho cac loai, mang tinh thoai hoa

C Ma di truyen cd tfnh dac hieu

D CaA, B, C

Cau 3: Qua trinh nhan ddi ADN dua tren nguyen tac

A Bd sung (A-T, G-X)

B Ban bao toan (giir lai 1 mia)

C Tao ra 2 ADN con

D ChiA, B

5 Dan do

- Hgc bai, tra ldi cau hdi SGK

- On lai kie'n thu'c ARN, mdi quan he giiia gen va tfnh trang

Bai 2 PHIEN MA VA DICH MA

I MUC TIEU

1 Kien thiirc

- HS trinh bay dugc co che phien ma (tdng hgp mARN tren khudn ADN)

- HS md ta dugc qua trinh tdng hgp protein

2 KTnang

Ren mdt sd kl nang:

- Quan sat tranh hlnh nhan biet kien thiic

- Van dung kien thiic, xii If thdng tin

- Khai quat hoa kien thiic

ii CHUAN Bj

- Tranh hlnh SGK phdng to

- Phim anh ve qua trinh phien ma, dich ma

- GV chuan bi 4 bd md hlnh ddng ve co che dich ma bao gdm:

+ 2 tieu phin ribdxdm: mau do

+ Sgi mARN vdi cac Codon: mau xanh

+ Cac tARN vdi bd ma ma hoa: mau nau

+ Cac axit amin (Met, Glu, Arg, Gly ): mau vang

+ 1 ta'm bia (bang 1/2 khd giay Ao): mau trdng

Thong tin bo sung:

SAO MA (TONG HO? ARN)

- Nam 1960 ngudi ta bat dau xac dinh dugc ARN trong mgt te bao va ARN sinh ra do vi rut ddu dugc sao chep true tiep tir ADN ciia te bao hoac cua

vi riit Mgt enzim phiic tap la ARN-pdlimeraza xuc tac cho qua trinh nay

- Su tdng hgp cac loai ARN deu dugc tien hanh trong nhan te bao tai cac NST, liic NST dang dudi xoan

- Cac loai ARN ddu dugc tdng hgp d tirng doan cua NST tiic la tirng doan ciia ADN, u'ng vdi tirng gen hay tirng nhdm gen lien quan den chiic nang cu the

cd su xiic tac ciia cac enzim

- ARN- polimeraza ciing mdt sd yeu td ca'u true khac trong te bao tham gia nhan biet diem khdi dau ciing nhu didm ket thiic ciia doan ADN phai sao

ma Trong qua trinh sao ma sir dudi xoan va tach thanh hai mach don ciia ADN cung xay ra d tirng doan ADN dang hoat dgng va budc vao sao ma (dudi xoan cue bd) Qua trinh tdng hgp ARN didn ra vdi van tdc vai nucledtit trong mdt giay va theo chieu 5' - 3' ARN dugc sao chep diing mSu cau triic ciia ADN la

do cac ribdnucledtit tu do trong mdi trudng ndi bao da lien kdt vdi cac nucledtit ciia mach mang ma gdc ciia ADN (theo nguyen tac bd sung)

- Mdi gen tren sgi ADN nay diing de sao ma tdng hgp A RN deu cd 3 doan trinh tu cac cap baza: Doan khdi dau cho cho tfn hieu sao ma, doan ADN (gen) ma hoa trinh tu cac baza ciia ARN dugc sao ma va doan kdt thiic cho tfn hieu diing sao ma Trinh tu cac doan ndi tren cu the la 5' - diem khdi dau -gen - diem kdt thiic - 3'

- San pham can sao ma la sgi don ARN thudc 3 loai, nhung rieng mARN

la dugc sao ma tii gen cau triic, mdi phan tii mARN gdm 3 phan: phan dSu (dau 5') khdng dugc dich ma, phan ma hoa va phan cudi (dau 3') khdng dugc dich ma

DICH MA: TONG HOP PROTEIN Sau khi dugc tdng hgp mARN cd nhiem vu truyen dat thdng tin di truyen

da nhan dugc tii ADN de tdng hgp ra prdtein Giai doan tdng hgp nay dugc goi

la dich ma Dieu kien can thidt cua qua trinh dich ma la cac phan tu mARN tie'p thu thdng tin di truyen cua ADN phai chuyen ra td bao cha't va ke't hgp vdi ribdxdm nhu d sinh vat nhan chuan thi mARN phai di ra khdi nhan tdi te bao chat va dfnh vdi hat nhd ciia ribdxdm trong te bao chat

iii HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- Gen la gl? Cau triic chung cua gen ma hoa protein?

- Nguyen tac bd sung va nguyen tac ban bao tdn trong qua trinh nhan doi ADN the hien nhu the nao? Y nghia ciia qua trinh nhan ddi ADN?

2 Trong tam

- Co che phien ma, dich ma

3 Bai mdl

Mo bai: GV dan dat: gen (ADN) mang thdng tin ma hoa chudi pdlipeptit,

vay qua trinh nay didn ra nhu the nao va cd su tham gia cua nhiing ye'u td nao?

- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc ca che phien ma

- HS tha'y dugc su khac biet giira te bao nhan thuc va te bao nhan sa, ve mARN sau phien ma

18

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- GV neu yeu cau:

+ Quan sat tranh hinh ve

cac loai ARN

+ Nghien ciiu SGK trang

11 muc 1

+ Ke bang phan biet ca'u

triic, chiic nang ciia cac

loai ARN

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kien thiic

- HS hoat ddng ca nhan vdi SGK, ke't hgp vdi tranh hlnh

- HS tdm tat kie'n thiic

ve ARN

- Dai dien mdt vai HS trinh bay dap an —> ldp nhan xet, bd sung

1 Cau triic va chiic nang cac loai ARN

OAP AN BANG PHAN BIET CAU TRUC VA CHLTC NANG CUA CAC LOAI ARN

- Truyen thong tin di truyen tU ADN t6i protein

- mARN dung lam khuon de tdng hop protein

tARN (ARN van chuyen)

- Mach don ty xoan, 3 thuy

- Dau 3' mang axit amin

- Bo ba ddi ma dac hieu de nhan ra va bat doi bd sung v6i codon tuong ling tren mARN

- Mang axit amin tdl riboxom

- Tham gia dich ma tren mARN thanh trinh

ty cac axit amin tren chuoi polipeptit

rARN (ARN riboxom)

- Nho, duoc san xuat tai cac eo thii cap cua NST

- Ke't hop v6i protein tao nen riboxom noi tong hop protein

- GV neu cau hdi:

+ Phan tir ADN d trang

thai xodn lam the nao

de cd the tdng hgp

dugc ARN?

+ Khi nao qua trinh

phien ma bat dau va ket

thiic?

+ Trong phien ma thi

mach nao dugc diing

- HS theo ddi phim tii

+ Tdng hgp ARN dua tren nguyen tdc bd sung

+ ARN tdng hgp xong dugc tach khdi ADN va ADN lai xodn lai

- Dai dien mdt sd HS tra ldi -> ldp nhan xet

- HS trao ddi nhanh trong nhdm va tra ldi dugc

+ Mudn topg hap ARN thi budc -Zau A C N chai

Npi dung

2 Ca che phien ma

* Khdi niem phien md

Phien Tna la qua trinh tdng hgp ARN tren mach khudn ADN

* Cc che'phien md

Hogt dpng cua GV

mARN la chieu nao?

Hogt dpng cda HS

- GV nhan xet, danh

gia va yeu cau HS khai

quat kie'n thiic ca chd

phien ma

+ Chieu tdng hgp chieu 5' - 3'

la

- HS trinh bay -^ lap

nhan xet, bd sung

- HS khai quat dugc cac budc trong qua trinh phien ma

Npi dung

* Thdo xodn ADN

Enzim pdlimeraza bam vao vimg khdi dau

ADN Gen thao xodn —> Id ro mach gdc 3' - 5'

* Tong hgp ARN

- Sau khi thao xodn

ADN bdt ddu tdng hgp mARN tai vi trf dac hieu

Enzim pdlimeraza trugt dgc mach ma gdc de tdng hgp mARN theo nguyen tdc bd sung (A-U, G-X)

ARN Chieu tdng hgp 5' ARN 3' cho de'n khi gap tfn hieu ke't thiic thi dirng qua trinh tdng hgp

* Ke't qud

- mARN tdng hgp dugc giai phdng

- Phan tii ADN xodn trd lai

Hogt dpng ciia GV

- GV hdi:

+ Tai sao qua trinh

tdng hgp ARN lai dugc

dirng lai?

+ So sanh trinh tu

nucledtit d phan tir

ARN va trinh tu

nucledtit d 2 mach ciia

phan tii ADN

- GV yeu cau HS: So

sanh phan tir mARN

sau phien ma d td bao

nhan thuc va td bao

nhan so

- GV nhan xet, danh

gia

Hogt dpng cua HS

- HS van dung kien thiic

d bai 1 de tra ldi dugc:

+ Qua trinh tdng hgp ARN dugc bdt dau va kdt thiic la nhd hoat ddng ciia enzim ARN-pdlimeraza, cau triic ciia gen ca'u triic

+ Trinh tu nucledtit cua mARN gidng mach bd sung vdi mach gdc chi thay T = U

- HS quan sat hlnh 2.2 SGK trang 12 va tra ldi dugc diem khac nhau:

+ Chidu dai phan tii

+ ca'u triic gen cua te bao nhan so va nhan thuc khac nhau

+ Sira chira sau phien ma

cd d nhan thuc

Npi dung

* Luu y: Sau phien ma

- 0 te' bao nhan so: mARN dugc true tidp dung lam khudn de tdng hgp protein

- 0 td bao nhan thuc mARN phai siia ddi cdt

bd cac intron va ndi cac exon vdi nhau

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

- Van dung: GV cd the

tie'n hanh theo 2 each:

+ Cach thu- nha't: GV

vie't len bang trinh tu

cac nucledtit d mach

gdc ciia phan tii ADN

va yeu cau HS xac dinh

trinh tu cac nucledtit

tren mARN

+ Cach thii 2: GV ggi

2 - 3 HS len bang vidt

trinh tu cac nucledtit

cua ADN —> xac dinh

sinh d dgng vat chi cd

ARN nhung nhd enzim

dac biet nd da phien ma

ngugc tdng hgp nen

ADN mang thdng tin di

truyen cua vi riit tao

nen kha nang tang sinh

vd han ciia td bao kf

chii tao thanh khd'i u

- HS cd the vie't dugc mdt sd dang

Hogt dpng 2

TIM Hlfiu DICH MA Muc tieu:

- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc qua trinh dich ma

- HS hieu dugc sau sdc co che phan tu cua hien tugng di truyen

Hogt dpng ciia GV

- GV yeu cau HS: Trinh

bay mdi quan he gen va

tfnh trang

- GV neu van dd: Nhu

vay thdng tin cat giau

trong gen dugc giai ma

thanh tfnh trang bieu

hien ra kieu hlnh ciia ca

the sinh vat

Qua trinh dich ma didn

ra nhu the nao?

- GV yeu cau HS

nghien ciiu SGK trang

12 muc II neu khai niem

- HS van dung kie'n thiic

tra ldi dugc:

+ Trinh tu nucledtit tren

ADN quy dinh trinh tc

nucledtit tren ARN

+ Qua dd ADN quy dinh trinh tu cac axit amin cau tao prdtein, bieu hien thanh tfnh trang

+ Thao luan nhdm thdng nha't kidn thiic ve hoat hoa axit amin va tdng

1 Khai niem Dich ma la qua trinh tdng hgp prdtein (sinh tdng hgp prdtein)

2 Cac giai doan ciia qua trinh djch ma

- De kiem tra viec ndm

bdt kien thiic cua HS

GV cdn yeu cau: Khi

trinh bay ca che dich ma

thi cac thanh vien trong

nhdm phai thao cac thao

tac, trinh bay chat che

+ The hien ca chd dich

ma tren so dd

- Yeu cau cac thao tac:

+ Tao phiic hgp aa-tARN

+ Gdn tieu phan ribdxdm vao mARN

+ Bd sung chfnh xac cac phiic hgp vdi cac codon tren mARN

+ Lien kdt cac axit amin thanh chudi pdlipeptit

- Dai dien nhdm trinh bay tren sa dd -> ldp nhan xet, bd sung

- HS khai quat kien thiic

Npi dung

a) Giai dogn httgt hod axit amin

- Cac axit amin dugc

hoat hoa nhd enzim va ATP

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- Axit amin gan vdi

tARN tuang iing tao phiic hgp aa-tARN

b) Tong hap chuoi pdlipeptit

* Md ddu:

-Ribdxdm gdn vdi mARN d vi trf nhan biet dac hieu gdn ma md dau

- Bd ba dd'i ma ciia phiic

md dau bd sung vdi codon md dau tren mARN va bdt dau tdng hgp protein

* Keo dai chudi pdlipeptit

- Codon thii 2 tren mARN gdn bd sung vdi anticodon cua phiic hgp thii 2

- Ribdxdm cd vai trd gia

da tARN va phiic hgp aa-tARN

- Lien ket peptit hlnh thanh giiia aal va aa2

- Ribdxdm dich chuyen mdt codon lien kdt peptit hlnh thanh gdn aa2 vdi aa3

- Ribdxdm tidp tuc chuyen dich den cud'i mARN

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giup HS hoan thien

kien thiic

Hogt dpng cda HS

- HS van dung kidn thiic

ket hgp vdi SGK va hlnh 2.4 trang 14 tra ldi dugc:

+ Co the can lugng prdtein de xay dung td bao md thay the cho vung bi tdn thuang

+ Tang hieu sua't tdng

hgp prdtein phan t\x

mARN gdn ddng thdi vdi mdt nhdm ribdxdm

- Mdt vai HS vidt so dd tren bang -^ ldp nhan xet

Npi dung

* Ket thiic

- Ribdxdm tiep xiic vdi

ma kdt thiic tren mARN thi qua trinh dich ma hoan tat

- Axit amin md dau tach

ra khdi chudi pdlipeptit nhd enzim

- Chudi pdlipeptit tiep tuc hlnh thanh cac cau triic bac cao han trd thanh prdtein cd hoat tfnh sinh hgc

* Co chd phan tii ciia hien tugng di truyen

Hogt dpng cuaGV Hogt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- Van dung:

+ GV cd the tidn hanh

nhu SGV trang 22

+ GV cho HS vidt len

bang cac treplet tren

ADN, codon tren

mARN, cac bd ba ddi

ma tren tARN, cac axit

amin

- HS trinh bay hoac viet tren bang -> ldp nhan xet, bd sung

4 Kiem tra danh gia

- GV yeu cau HS tdm tdt qua trinh phien ma va dich ma bang so dd

- GV cd the cho HS lam bai tap trdc nghiem

Cau 1: Enzim tham gia vao qua trinh phien ma la:

a) ADN-pdlimeraza c) Ligaza

b) ARN-pdlimeraza d) Restrictaza

Cau 2: Phan tu mARN dugc tdng hgp tren nguyen tdc bd sung theo chieu

a) 3' - 5' c) Di chuyen ciia enzim ADN-pdlimeraza

b) 5' - 3' d) Ca a, b, c diing

Cau 3: Co che phan tii ciia hien tugng di truydn dugc the hien theo sadd

a) ADN -^ mARN -^ protein -> tfnh trang

b) ADN -^ prdtein -^ mARN -> tfnh trang

c) mARN -> ADN -> prdtein -> tfnh trang

d) mARN -^ protein -^ ADN -^ tfnh trang

5 Dan do

- Hgc bai, tra ldi cau hdi SGK

- On lai kidn thiic vd gen, ca'u triic gen

Bai 3 DIEU HOA HOAT DONG CUA GEN

i IViyC TIEU

1 Kien thiirc

- HS neu dugc khai niem va cac cap do didu hoa hoat ddng cua gen

- HS trinh bay dugc ca che dieu hoa hoat ddng cua cac gen qua operon d sinh vat nhan so

- HS tha'y ro dugc y nghia dieu hoa hoat ddng ciia gen d sinh vat nhan so

2 KT nang

Ren mdt so kl nang:

- Quan sat nhan bidt kidn thiic

- Phan tfch, khai quat

- Phim vd dieu hoa hoat ddng gen

Thong tin bd sung ve dieu hoa hoat dong gen

- Trong td bao ca the enzim cd 2 loai: Loai enzim cd dinh va loai enzim thfch ling (cam iing)

+ Loai cd dinh: Hay gap, cd mat trong te bao vi khudn, khdng phu thudc vao dieu kien mdi trudng

+ Loai thfch iing: Chi hlnh thanh khi cd mdt ye'u to cam iing nhat dinh, khi

cd thay ddi mdi trudng Cac enzim sir dung lactdzo thudc loai cd dinh Dd la hien tugng cam iing enzim Ngoai ra trong te bao cdn cd nhiing chat ii'c chd su tdng hgp enzim Hai he thd'ng dieu chinh sir lic che va cam ling lam cho te bao hoan toan phan iing dugc vdi nhiing thay ddi cua mdi trudng ngoai

- Nam 1961 F.Jacdp va J.Mdnd da neu ra gia thuyet ve hien tugng cam ling enzim va lic chd enzim tren co sd nghien ciiu hien tugng cam iing va lic chd su tdng hgp cac enzim da kham pha ra hien tugng didu hoa hoat ddng gen

- Cdng trinh thuc nghiem nghien ciiu su kiem soat di truyen viec ha'p thu lactdzo d E.Coli da cho phep hg neu len thuyet ve operon, dan vi co sd cua vat lieu di truyen dugc didu hoa d miic do sao ma d vi khudn (operon Lac)

Mdt viing cd cac nhdm gen nhidu loai hoat ddng phdi hgp thd'ng nhat dugc Jocob ggi la operon Trong operon xdp theo dudng thang cd cac gen cau true dieu khien sir tdng hgp prdtein, gen cdu triic lien kdt vdi gen khdi dgng tao thanh operon Cac gen cau triic chiu sir kiem soat ciia gen khdi ddng Gen dieu hoa khdng nam trong thanh phdn operon cd the ndm tren mdt NST khac cd the lien kdt vdi operon

- Khi chat li'c chd (prdtein lie che") tu do kdt hgp vdi gen khdi ddng thi xay

ra su lie chd qua trinh sao ma ciia operon, cac gen cau triic mdt kha nang cau triic, mARN khdng dugc tdng hgp nen prdtein tuang iing khdng dugc tao thanh

- Khi dua lactdzo vao mdi trudng dinh dudng ciia E.coli lactdzo trong trudng hgp nay ddng vai trd chat cam iing tac dung tuong hd vdi prdtein lie che, vl vay chat lie chd nay mat kha nang kdt hgp vdi gen khdi ddng tir do ARN-polimeraza lai tu do chuyen dich dgc operon, gen khdi ddng tir do va bdt ddu hoat ddng, gen cdu triic dugc sao ma, qua trinh sao ma ciia ca operon lai tie'p tuc

lii HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- Trinh bay co chd phien ma, dich ma bang so dd

- Ca'u triic cua gen cau triic

Hogt dpng 1

TIM HI^U DI^U HOA HOAT D O N G GEN Muc tieu:

- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc khai niem didu hoa hoat ddng gen

- HS chi ra dugc cac cap do didu hoa hoat ddng gen

Hogt dpng cua GV

- GV neu cau hdi:

+ Tlid nao la didu hoa

hoat ddng gen?

+ VI sao phai didu hod

hoat dgng gen?

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kie'n thiic

- GV yeu cau HS:

+ Nghien ciiu SGK trang

16 muc L

+ Trinh bay cac cap do

didu hoa hoat dgng gen

- GV gi^ng giai: Dieu

hoa hoa^ ddng gen d te

bao nhan thuc phiic tap,

- Dai dien HS tra ldi -^

ldp nhan xet, bd sung

- HS hoat ddng dgc lap vdi SGK

- HS chi ra dugc 3 cap

do dieu hoa hoat ddng gen

Npi dung

A Khai niem

Dieu hod hoat ddng gen chfnh la dieu hoa lugng san pham ciia gen dugc tao ra, giiip td bao dieu chlnh su tdng hgp protein can thidt vao liic cdn thie't

B Cap do dieu hoa hoat dong gen

- Didu hoa phien ma: Dieu hoa sd lugng mARN dugc tdng hop

Hogt dpng ciia GV

ndi dung SGK chi tim

hidu dieu hoa phien ma

d sinh vat nhan so

Hogt dpng cua HS Npi dung

trong td bao

- Didu hoa dich ma: Dieu hoa lugng prdtein dugc tao ra

- Didu hoa sau dich ma: Bidn ddi prdtein sau khi dugc tdng hgp dd thuc hien chiic nang nhat dinh

Hogt dpng 2

DIEU HOA HOAT DONG CUA GEN 6 SINH VAT NHAN SO

Muc tieu:

- HS hieu va trinh bay dugc cau triic cua operon Lac

- HS trinh bay dugc co che' dieu hoa hoat ddng cua operon Lac

- HS tha'y dugc y nghia ciia viec dieu hoa gen cua sinh vat nhan so

Hogt dpng cua GV

- GV neu cau hdi:

+ Ca'u triic ciia gen?

+ De dieu hoa phien ma

gen cdn cd them ydu td

nao?

+ Lam the' nao de enzim

ARN-pdlimeraza nhan

bie't dugc mach ma gdc

va bdt ddu qua trinh

- Yeu cau neu dugc:

+ Gen cau triic cd 3 viing

+ Phien ma thi gen cdn

cd viing dieu hoa

+ Enzim cd the nhan bie't dugc mach gdc va phien ma nhd trinh tu nucledtit dac thii (trinh

tu khdi ddng)

Npi dung

Hogt dpng cua GV

- GV ddn ddt: Vdi' cdu

triic dan gian cua sinh vat

nhan so thi didu hoa hoat

dgng gen dien ra nhu thd

nao? Bd phan dieu hoa

hoat ddng gen dugc cdu

tao nhu thd i^o?

+ Sii dung cac manh bia

cd ndi dung: gen didu

hoa, P, O, Z de trinh

bay cau triic ciia operon

Lac

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

+ Thao luan trong nhdm thd'ng nha't y kidn va thii

tu cdu triic operon Lac

- Dai dien nhdm len trinh bay va hoan thien

sa dd md hlnh cdu true operon Lac bang each ghep cdc manh bia tren

td gidy Ao nhu hlnh 3.1 SGK trang 16

- Ldp nhan xet, bd sung

Npi dung

1 Mo hinh ca'u trdc cua operon Lac

* Khai niem operon: Tren phan tii ADN cac gen cdu triic cd lien quan vd chiic nang thudng dugc phan bd lidn nhau thanh tiing cum va cd chung mgt ca chd didu hoa

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- GV su dung thdng tin

bd sung de giang giai cho

HS vd operon Lac

- GV sir dung thdng tin

bd sung giang giai them

vd gen didu hoa (R)

- GV yeu cdu HS: trinh

bay hoat dgng ciia cac

gen trong operon Lac khi

+ Thao luan nhdm thdng nhdt y kien

+ Sir dung cac manh bia

cd sdn ndi dung hoan thien dan sa dd hlnh 3.2b, trang 17 SGK

- Dai dien cac nhdm trinh bay bang so dd

* ca'u true operon Lac:

- Cdc gen cau triic (Z,

Y, A) kiem soat tdng hgp cac enzim tham gia vao phan iing phan giai dudng lactdzo

- Viing van hanh (O) la trinh tu nucledtit dac biet de protein lie che lien ket ngan can phien

ma

- Viing khdi ddng (P) noi ARN pdlimeraza bam vao khdi ddu phien

ma

- Gen didu hod (R) ndm ngoai operon cd vai tro dieu hoa hoat ddng cac gen ciia operon

2 Su dieu hoa hoat dong cua operon Lac

* Khi mdi trudng khdng

cd lactdzo

Hogt dpng cua GV Hoat dpng cda HS Npi dung

- GV nhan xet, danh gid

va yeu cdu HS khai quat

kidn thiic

- GV yeu cdu HS: trinh

bay hoat ddng ciia gen

trong operon Lac khi mdi

trudng cd lactdzo

tren bang ldp nhan xet,

bd sung

- Yeu cdu neu dugc:

+ Lactdzo trong mdi trudng dugc phan giai

de cung cdp nang lugng, vay khi khdng cd lactdzo trong mdi trudng thi khdng tdng hgp enzim

+ Cdn cd cha't lie chd de cac gen cdu triic khdng hoat ddng han chd tieu hao nang lugng

- HS khai qudt kien thiic

- HS hoat ddng nhdm

+ Ca nhan thu nhan kidn thiic tii viec nghien ciiu SGK trang 17

+ Thao luan nhdm, thdng nha't y kidn

- Gen dieu hoa quy dinh tdng hgp protein lic chd

- Prdtein lie chd lien ket vdi vung van hanh

- Gen cdu triic Z, Y, A khdng hoat ddng -> ngan can qua trinh phien ma

* Khi mdi trudng cd lactdzo

Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

+ Su dieu hod phien ma

cd y nghia nhu thd nao?

- Dai dien nhdm trinh bay bang each ldp ghep cac manh bia cd ndi dung dd hoan chinh nhu hlnh 3.2b va thuyet minh, ldp theo ddi nhan xet, bd sung

- HS van dung kien thiic thao luan nhanh trong nhdm

- Yeu cdu neu dugc + Ydu td chu yeu gay didu hod phien ma dd la chat cam iing

- Phan tii lactdzo lien kdt vdi protein lie che lam bien ddi cdu hlnh cua protein

- Prdtein lie chd khdng lien kdt dugc vdi vung

van hanh -^ ARN

polimeraza lien kdt vdi viing khdi dgng (P) dd dich ma

- Phan tir mARN ciia gen cdu triic (Z, Y, A) dugc dich ma tao enzim phan giai lactdzo

- Dudng lactozo bi phan giai hdt -> prdtein tie che lai lien kdt vdi viing chi huy —> qua trinh phien ma se dimg

Hogt dpng cua GV

+ Dac diem ciia hlnh thiic

didu hoa phien ma d sinh

vat nhan so la gi?

- GV bd sung kidn thiic

+ O sinh vat nhan chudn

chi gap nhiing doan ADN

cd trinh tu cd dinh ludn

diing trudc cdc gen lam

nhiem vu tdng hgp

prdtein, ARN

+ Co che didu hoa hoat

dgng ciia gen giiip hieu

dugc vi sao cac td bao

trong mdt co the cd bd

gen gidng nhau ma lai

phan hoa khac nhau vd

ca'u tao va chiic nang

Hogt dpng cua HS + Dieu hod phien ma

giiip sinh vat thfch nghi vdi mdi trudng sdng

- Dac diem: gen khdi ddng va gen cdu triic ndi tiep nhau dugc phien

ma

Npi dung

4 Kiem tra danh gia

- GV yeu cdu HS trinh bay cau tao ciia operon Lac

- Trinh bay tren so dd co chd dieu hod phien ma d sinh vat nhan so

5 Dan do

- Hgc bai, tra ldi cau hdi SGK

- On tap kidn thiic vd dot bidn gen

Bai 4 DOT BIEN GEN

I MUC TIEU

1 Kie'n thiirc

- HS neu dugc khai niem dot bidn gen va co chd phat sinh dot bidn gen

- HS hidu va trinh bay dugc hau qua chung va y nghia cua dot bidn gen

- Tranh anh ve mdt sd dot bidn gen

Thong tin bo sung:

Cd CHE PHAN TirCUA D O T BIEN

- Sai sdt trong sao chep: Mac dii cdc enzim ADN-polimeraza cd chiic nang dgc sua - hoat hod nhung chua that hoan hao Ddi khi Pol I va Pol III dua nucledtit khdng chfnh xac vao ddu 3' - OH cua chudi dang tdng hgp VI vay trong td bao cdn cd he thdng thii 2 nhdm s&a chira nhiing sai sdt ngdu nhien cua

he thd'ng dgc sira - He thd'ng siia chiia ghep ddi sai Neu su xam nhap ciia 1 bazo sai vao ddu cua mach dang tdng hgp dugc phat hien thi lap tiic doan pdlinucledtit bi cdt bd Pol I se didu chinh lai chfnh xac va se han lai khe diit

- Trudng hgp do hd bidn:

Cac bazo ciia ADN cd the tdn tai d hai trang thai cau true phan tur do su thay ddi vi trf cua mdt nguyen tii hidrdgen ggi la hien tugng hd bien Thf du Timin thudng tdn tai d dang ketd va kdt cap vdi ademin Thinh thoang dang ketd chuyen ngdu nhien sang dang enol vd kdt cap tu nhien vdi guanin Kdt qua

la su xam nhap cua dang enol da lam cho cap AT thay bdng GX sau 2 ldn tai ban

s o 0 0

AT (dang ban diu) * ^ 1 ^ ^ " > GT (dang enol) ^ ^ i ^ ^ " ) GX

Hien tugng hd bie'n cung thudng xay ra trong tu nhien dd'i vdi ademin, day

la dang ddng hodn (cap bazo purin-pyrimidin ddi thanh cap purin-pyrimidin

AT -> GX) Trong tu nhien cdn thdy hien tugng di hoan (cap purin-pyrumidin

thay bang pyrumidin-purin AT -^ TA) gay benh thidu mau va hdng cdu hlnh

do siic lien kdt vdi dxi ciia hdng cdu giam nen kha nang van chuyen dxi ciia hdng cdu giam siit gay ra chiing thidu mdu Ngudi cd ndng do hinh lidm cao va

su kdt ldng hdng cdu ddu tien didn ra d tmh mach nhd do thidu dxi, hemdgldbin tao sgi gay tdc d vi mach, tinh trang thidu dxi xay ra d ca tmh mach ldn nen se

bi tdc ddn den huy hoai md hay co quan

SO DO HbA (binh thudng)

Vai ) ( His ) ( Leu ) ( Thr ) ( Pro ) ( Glu ) ( Glu

Vai ) (''^His ) ( L e u ) ( T h r ) ( Pro ) ( Glu ) ( G l u

HbA (hinh liem)

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- Didu hod hoat ddng gen la gl?

- Operon Lac cd cdu triic nhu thd nao? Trinh bay co che didu hod hoat ddng ciia operon Lac