Thiết kế bài giảng sinh học 12 (tập 1) phần 2

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung + Rut ra nhan xet vd xu hudng thay ddi thanh phdn kidu gen cua qudn the.. Hogt ddng cda GV - GV bd sung kidn thflc: Trong qudn thd cay tfl th

ChiTdng III

^

Dl TRUYEN HOC QUAN THE

Bai 16 CAU TRUC DI TRUYEN CUA QUAN THE

I IVIUC TIEU

1 Kie'n thiirc

- HS giai thfch dugc thd nao la mdt qudn the sinh vat cung cdc dac trung di truydn cua qudn the

- HS bidt each tinh tdn sd alen va tdn sd kidu gen cua qudn the

- HS chi ra dugc xu hudng thay ddi cdu true di truydn cua qudn thd tu thu phdn va giao phd'i gdn

2 KT nang

Ren mdt sd ki nang:

- Phan tich, suy luan, khdi quat

- Van dung li thuyet vao thuc tidn

3 Bai mdi

Hogt dpng 1

TIM Hlfiu QUAN THE Muc tieu:

- HS ndm dugc khai niem qudn thd, vdn gen

- HS trinh bay dugc cac dac didm dac trung cua qudn thd

- HS bidt each tfnh tdn sd alen, kidu gen trong qudn thd

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

- GV neu mdt sd vf du

va yeu cdu HS nhan bidt

qudn the sinh vat va giai

thfch

Vf du 1: Tap hgp cdc cd

the cd chep, ca me, cd

didc cung sd'ng trong

- HS cd the dua them vf

du vd qudn the nhu ddi

cg Phu Thg, riing cay dude Ca Mau

- HS khai quat kidn thflc

1 Dinh nghia quan the

- Qudn thd la mdt td chflc cua cac ca thd cung loai, sdng trong ciing mdt khoang khdng gian xac dinh, d vao mdt thdi diem xac dinh va cd kha nang sinh ra cdc thd he con cai dd duy tri gidng ndi

- GV neu cau hdi: Qudn

the cd nhflng dac trung

CO ban nao? Cho vf du

- GV ddn ddt: Ngoai

nhflng dac trung ca ban

tren, qudn thd cdn cd dac

+ Chudng thd: khdng cd mdi quan he qua lai

+ Td chflc d qudn the tflc

la cac ca the cung loai

cd mdi quan he qua lai, dac biet la quan he sinh san

- HS van dung kidn thflc sinh hgc ldp 9 tra ldi

Dac trung cua qudn the la: Ti le gidi tfnh, thanh phdn nhdm tudi, mat do qudn thd

Npi dung

- Qudn the la dan

tai cua lodi

2 Dac trimg di l ciia quan the

vi tdn

truyen

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt ddng cda HS Ndi dung

+ Nghien cflu SGK trang

68 muc I

+ Neu dac trung di

truydn cua qudn thd

- GV nhan xet, ddnh gid

va giang giai, giup HS

hoan thien kidn thflc vd

dac trung di truyen qudn

- Qudn thd cd vdn gen dac trung

+ Vdn gen la tap hgp cac alen cd trong qudn thd d mdt thdi didm xac dinh

+ Dac didm vdn gen la tdn sd alen va tdn sd kieu gen

- Mdi qudn thd cd cdu true di truydn (thanh phdn kidu gen) ri6ng

Hoat ddng cda GV Hogt ddng cda HS Ndi dung

alen va tdn sd cua loai

kidu gen vd y6u cdu HS

khai quat each tfnh

chung

- HS boat ddng ddc lap vdi SGK

- HS trinh bay each tfnh tdn sd alen cua gen vd tdn sd ciia loai kidu gen trong qudn thd

- Ldp theo doi -> nhan xdt, bd sung

sd alen cua cac loai alen khac nhau cua gen dd trong qudn thd tai mdt thdi didm xac dinh

* Cach tinh tdn sd kidu gen

Tdn sd cua mdt loai kidu gen nao dd dugc tfnh

Hogt dpng cda GV

* Ciing cd: GV yeu cdu

HS lam bai tap cho bidt

bd cua trai chan nudi cd

432con bd long den, 576

- Tdn sd cua kidu gen la:

TIM Hl£u CAU TRUC DI TRUYEN CUA QUAN TH^ TI/THU PHAN VA

QUAN Tui GIAO PHOI GAN

Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

1 Qu^n the tu thu phdn

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

+ Rut ra nhan xet vd xu

hudng thay ddi thanh

phdn kidu gen cua qudn

the

- GV ggi y:

+ Tfnh tl le kidu gen di

hgp (Aa) trong tdng sd

kieu gen d tflng thd he,

+ So sanh ti 16 kidu gen

di hgp d cac thd he

- GV nhan xet, ddnh gid

va giup HS khai qudt

- HS trao ddi nhdm thd'ng nhdt y kidn vd xu hudng thay ddi thanh phdn kieu gen cua qudn thd dd la:

+ Tdn so kidu gen di hgp giam ddn tfl 100% ->

50% ^ 25%

+ Tdn sd kidu gen ddng hgp tang ddn tfl 0% -»

50% ^ 75%

- Thanh phdn kieu ^en ciia qudn thd cay tu thu phdn qua cdc thd he thay ddi theo hudng tang ddn tdn sd kidu gen ddng hgp tfl va giam ddn tdn

sd kidu gen di hgp

Hogt ddng cda GV

- GV bd sung kidn thflc:

Trong qudn thd cay tfl

thu phdn ddn ddn hi6n

tugng thoai hod, lam

giam nang sudt va chdt

lugng san phdm Nguyen

nhan la do sd kidu gen

- GV nhan xet, ddnh gid

va giup HS hoan thi6n

kidn thflc

Hogt ddng cda HS

- HS van dung kidn thflc

thuc tddd tra ldi

- HS neu vf du vd giao

phdi gdn b loai vat nudi

trong gia dinh hoac trang trai nhu ga, vit, bo, trau

- HS khai quat kidn thflc

Ndi dung

- Cdng thflc tdng quat:

+ Tdn sd kidu gen di hgp tfl la: (1/2)"

+ Tdn sd kidu gen ddng hgp tfl trdi = tdn sd kidu gen ddng hgp tfl lan

Hogt ddng cda GV Hogt ddng cda HS Npi dung

- GV neu vdn dd:

Nhan xet vd mflc dd da

dang di truydn trong

qudn thd tu thu phdn va

giao phdi can huyet

- GV hdi: Tai sao luat

hdn nhan va gia dinh lai

cdin khdng cho ngudi cd

ho hang gdn (trong vdng

3 ddi) kdt hdn vdi nhau?

- HS van dung kidn thflc trao ddi trong nhdm thdng nhdt y kidn

- Y6u cdu n6u dugc:

+ Trong qudn the tu thu phdn va giao phdi can huydt thi tl 16 kieu gen di hgp giam

+ Do khdng cd su ddi mdi vd vat chdt di truyen ddn ddn giam su di truydn cua qudn the

- HS tra ldi dugc:

+ Ngudi cd hg hang gdn kdt hdn, khi giao phdi cac gen lan xdu cd ca hdi bidu hien d trang thai ddng hgp tfl va thd hien kidu hinh xdu

quan he huyet thd'ng giao phd'i vdi nhau

- Dac didm:

Giao phd'i gdn lam bidn ddi cdu true di truyen cua qudn thd theo hudng tang tdn sd kidu gen ddng hgp va giam tdn sd kieu gen di hgp

Hogt dpng cda GV

- Md rdng: GV hdi

trong chan nudi va trdng

trgt lam the nao dd giam

su thodi hod va tang do

da dang di truydn cua

gidng?

Hogt dpng cua HS + Con chdu dd mde di

tat, sflc sd'ng kem

- HS cd the hdi: Tai sao trong chan nudi va trdng trgt ngudi ta vdn tidn hanh giao phd'i can huydt

va tu thu phdn

- Ldp trao ddi de tra ldi thdc mde cua ban

- HS tra ldi: Con ngudi

cd the tao dugc gidng cd kidu gen ddng hgp bieu hien tfnh trang tdt

- HS trao ddi nhanh trong nhdm va tra ldi dugc

+ Vdi cay trdng nen tidn hanh giao phan

+ Vdi ddng vat can lai gidng

Npi dung

4 Kiem tra danh gia

- GV yeu cdu HS nhdc lai kidn thflc ca ban cua bai

- HS lam bai tap trdc nghiem

Cau 1 Trong 1 qudn thd tu phd'i thi thanh phdn kieu gen cua qudn thd co

xu hudng

a) Phan hod thanh cac ddng thudn cd kidu gen khdc nhau

b) Ngay cang phong phu, da dang kidu gen

c) Tdn tai chu ydu d trang thai di hgp

d) Ngay cang dn dinh vd tdn sd cdc alen

Cau 2 Qudn the sdc cd 1500 con, trong dd sd sdc ldng nau ddng hgp tfl la

1050 con, sdc ldng nau di hgp tfl la 150 con Bidt tfnh trang long do gen gdm 2

alen quy dinh, tac ddng cua chgn lgc ttr nhien la khdng dang kd Tdn sd tuong ddi cua mdi alen trong qudn the la

a) A = 0,75, a = 0,25 c) A = 0,3, a = 0,7

b) A = 0,6, a = 0,4 d) A = 0,36, a = 0,64

5 Dan do

- Hgc bai, tra ldi cau hdi SGK

- Lam them bai tap trong sach bai tap sinh hgc 12 trang 49, 50

Bai 17 CAU TRUC DI TRUYEN CUA QUAN THE

(Tiep theo)

\ IVIUC TIEU

1 Kien thurc

- HS hidu dugc thd nao la qudn the ngdu phd'i

- HS giai thfch dugc trang thai can bang di truydn cua mdt qudn the

- HS neu dugc cdc didu kien cdn thidt dd mdt qudn the sinh vat dat dugc trang thai can bang di truyen ve thanh phan kidu gen dd'i vdi mdt gen nao dd

- HS lieu dugc y nghia cua dinh luat Hacdi - Vanbec

2 KTnang

Ren mdt sd kT nang:

- Phan tfch, suy luan giai quydt van de

- Tfnh toan xac sudt

- Van dung If thuye't vao thuc tidn

II CHUAN Bj

- Tu lieu lien quan ddn cdu true qudn thd

- Bai tap

- Cdng thflc vd cdu true di truydn cua qudn thd tu phdi

X - la tdn sd tuong ddi cua kidu gen ddng hgp tfl trdi (AA)

y - la tdn sd tuong ddi cua kidu gen di hgp tfl (Aa)

z - la tdn sd tuang ddi cua kidu gen ddng hgp tfl lan (a a)

+ Tl 16 cac kidu gen trong qudn the la:

X AA: y Aa: z a a v d i x + y + z = h + Ndu qudn thd tu phd'i khdi ddu cd cdu true di truydn la

- GV yeu cdu HS lam bai tap

Cho bidt cdc qudn thd cd ti 16 cac kidu gen nhu sau

pi: 45% AA: 40% Aa: 15% aa p2: 39% AA: 52% Aa: 9% aa p3: 65% AA: 0% Aa: 35% aa

Tinh tdn sd mdi alen trong mdi qudn thd?

Gia sfl sd lugng ca thd cua mdi qudn thd b Fl ddu la 2000 thi sd cd the b

mdi kidu gen la bao nhieu?

Dap an: A = 0,65 Kidu gen AA = 845

- HS ndm dugc khai ni6m qudn thd ngdu phdi

- HS hidu dugc trang thai cdn bdng ciia qudn thd ngdu phd'i

- Tha'y dugc y nghia cua dinh luat Hacdi - Vanbec

- HS bidt giai bai tap vd cdu true di truydn qudn thd

Hogt ddng cda GV

- Dd hinh thanh khai ni6m

qudn thd ngdu phd'i GV n6u

cau hoi:

+ Qudn thd ngdu phdi la

gi? Cho vfdu?

+ Qudn thd ngdu phdi khac

vdi qudn thd giao phdi gdn

nhu thd ndo?

Hogt ddng cda HS Ndi dung

1 Qu^n the ngiu phoi

a) Khdi niem

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV nhan xet, danh gia va

giup HS hoan thien kidn

thflc

- GV yeu cau HS:

+ Nghien ciiu SGK ve qudn

the ngdu phd'i d ngudi

(trang 71)

+ Cho bidt su khac nhau

qudn the ngdu phd'i d ngudi

- HS ke't hgp kidn thflc sinh hgc d bai trudc va sinh hgc ldp 9 tra ldi dugc

+ Khdi niem qudn the ngdu phd'i

+ Vf du: Giao phd'i gifla gidng ga ri vdi ga tam hoang, lgn i Mdng Cai vdi lgn Dai bach

+ Qudn the ngdu phd'i

cd nhieu td hgp gen mdi ban

- Dai dien HS trinh bay —> ldp nhan xet, bd sung

Npi dung

Qudn the sinh vat dugc ggi la ngdu phd'i khi cac ca the trong qudn thd lua chgn ban tinh

dd giao phdi mdt each hoan toan ngdu nhien

•

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV nhan xet, ddnh gid va

ddn ddt chuydn ndi dung ve

dac didm di truydn cua

qudn the ngdu phd'i

- GV hdi: Qudn the ngdu

phd'i cd nhiing dac didm di

truyen gi?

- GV ggi y:

+ Tai sao qudn the ngdu

phdi cd nhieu bidn di td

+ Thao luan trong nhdm thdng nhdt y kidn

- Yeu cdu neu dugc:

+ Ngdu phd'i d qudn the ngudi dua tren nhflng tieu chf do con ngudi dua ra mang tfnh nhan van

+ Ngdu phd'i d qudn the ddng vat mang tfnh ban nang

- Dai dien nhdm tra ldi

—> ldp nhan xet va bd sung

Npi dung

b) Ddc diem di truyen cua qudn the ngdu phdi

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

+ Tai sao qudn the ngau

phd'i duy tri dugc su da

dang di truydn?

- GV nhan xet, danh gia va

y6u cdu HS khdi qudt kidn

thflc

- HS boat ddng ddc lap

+ Nghien cflu SGK trang 71 muc 1

+ van dung co chd tao bidn di td hgp nhu:

Phan li ddc lap, td hgp ttr do cua cdc NST, su trao ddi cheo va td hgp

tu do cua cac giao tfl trong thu tinh

+ Td hgp gen hay cap gen tdt dugc phat tan trong qudn thd va dugc truyen cho thd h6 con chau thdng qua ngdu phdi

- Dai dien HS trinh bay —> ldp nhan xet

HS thao luan nhanh trong nhdm rdi khai quat kidn thflc vd cac dac didm di truydn cua qudn the ngdu phdi

- Trong qudn thd ngdu phd'i cac cd thd cd kidu gen khdc nhau kdt ddi vdi nhau mdt each ngdu nhien tao n6n mdt lugng bidn di di truyen rdt ldn -> lam nguyen lieu cho qua trinh tidn boa va chgn gidng

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV yeu cdu HS: N6u vf

du the hien sir da dang di

truyen trong qudn thd ngdu

phdi

Hogt dpng cda HS

- GV dua bai tap: Qudn thd

giao phdi cd thanh phdn

kidu gen 9/16 AA: 6/16

Aa: 1/16 aa

- HS nghien cflu vf du SGK trang 71 vd tdn sd cua cac kidu gen quy dinh nhdm mau d ngudi

- HS phan tfch dugc:

+ O ngudi cd 4 nhdm mdu (A, B, AB, O)

+ Gen quy dinh nhdm mau cd 3 alen khac nhau va cd thd tao ra 6 loai kidu gen khac nhau

+ Trong quan the 1 gen

cd thd cd nhidu alen khac nhau va sd lugng gen d sinh vat la rat ldn

^> Qudn the ngdu phdi

cd rdt nhidu bidn di td hgp

Npi dung

- Quan the ngdu phd'i

cd thd duy tri tdn sd cac kieu gen khac nhau (da dang di truydn) trong qudn thd mdt each khdng ddi trong nhirng didu kien nhdt dinh

2 Trang thai can bang di truyen ciia quan the

a) Khdi niem trgng thdi cdn bdng qudn the ngdu phdi

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

Xac dinh thanh phdn kieu

gen cac the he tidp theo

- GV yeu cau HS: So sanh

thanh phdn kieu gen d cac

thd he

- GV khang dinh: Qudn

the tren la qudn the can

bdng

- GV neu cau hdi:

The nao la trang thai can

bang qudn the?

- GV nhan xet, danh gia va

giup HS hoan thien kidn

thflc

- HS van dung cdng thflc dd tfnh dugc

Tdn so alen

A = 12/16, a = 4/16 Thd he tidp sau 144/256 AA: 96/256 Aa: 16/256 aa

hay 9/16 AA: 6/16 Aa:

1/16 aa

- HS nhan bidt dugc thanh phdn kieu gen cua qudn thd d thd he xudt phat va thd he sau khi cd ngdu phdi la nhu nhau

- HS nghien cflu SGK trang 72 muc 2 kdt hgp bai tap de tra ldi

Mdt qudn thd dugc ggi

la dang d trang thai can bdng di truyen khi ti le cac kidu gen (cdn ggi

la thanh phdn kieu gen)

Hogt dpng cda GV

GV ddn ddt: Trang thai can

bdng di truydn dugc cac

nha khoa hgc nghien cflu

trong dd ndi bat la cua

Hacdi- Vanbec

- GV y6u cdu HS nghien

cflu SGK trang 72 rdi phat

bieu ndi dung dinh luat

Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

- HS khdi quat kidn

thflc

cua qudn the tuan theo cdng thflc sau

p2+2pq+q2=l + p la tdn so alen trdi (p2 la tdn sd kieu gen ddng hgp trdi)

+ q la tdn so ciia alen lan

(q2 la tdn sd kidu gen ddng hgp lan)

+ 2pq la tdn sd kieu gen di hgp

b) Dinh ludt Vanbec

Hacdi-* Ngi dung dinh luat: Trong mdt qudn the ldn ngdu phd'i, ndu khdng

cd cai ydu td lam thay ddi tdn sd alen thi thanh phdn kieu gen cua qudn the se duy tri khdng ddi tfl thd he nay sang thd he khdc theo ddng thflc

p2 + 2pq+q2=l p2AA + 2pqAa + q2aa

=1

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV dat vdn dd: Cd phai

luc nao qudn the cung d

trang thai can bdng?

the md rdng cho trudng

hgp mdt gen cd nhidu alen

didu kien can bdng di

truyen qudn the

- Cdc ca thd trong qudn thd giao phdi vdi nhau mdt cdch ngdu nhien

- Cac ca the cd kieu gen khac nhau phai cd sflc sdng va kha nang sinh san nhu nhau

- Khdng cd ddt bidn, khdng cd CLTN

- Qudn the phai dugc each li vdi qudn the khac (khdng cd du nhap gen)

Hogt dpng cua GV

- GV bd sung:

+ Mdt qudn thd trong tu

nhien rdt khd dap dug dugc

cdc didu kien tu nhien

nghia nhu thd nao?

- GV nhan xet va giup HS

hoan thien kidn thflc

Hogt dpng cda HS

- HS trao ddi nhdm

+ Dua vao bai tap dd chi ra dugc gia tri thuc tidn va If thuydt cua dinh luat

+ van dung dinh luat xac dinh thanh phdn kidu gen cua qudn thd

va trang thai can bdng

- Y nghia If luan:

+ Phan anh dugc trang thai can bang di truyen trong qudn the

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cua HS Npi dung

- GV bd sung kidn thflc:

Dinh luat Hacdi-Vanbec

cdn ban chd: Dd la dinh

luat nay mdi giai thfch

dugc hien tugng can bdng

thanh phdn kidu gen trong

qudn thd, ma chua giai

thfch dugc trang thai ddng

ciia qudn the do qua trinh

dot bidn va qua trinh chgn

lgc, da lam cho tdn sd

tuang dd'i cua cdc alen bi

bidn ddi

- GV yeu cdu HS lam bai

tap d muc V SGK trang 73

- GV nhan xet va giang

giai nhu sach GV trang 77

- HS van dung kidn thflc vd can bdng di truyen qudn thd dd tfnh tan so cac alen va thanh phdn kidu gen cua qudn thd

- van dung todn xdc sudt de cap vg chdng

cd con bi b6nh bach tang

A = 0,99, a = 0,01

AA = 0,980

Aa = 0,0198

aa = 0,001 Xdc sudt dd cd con bi bach tang la 0,00495

+ Giai thfch dugc su duy tri dn dinh qudn thd qua thdi gian dai trong tu nhien

4 Kiem tra danh gia

- GV yeu cdu HS nhdc lai kidn thflc cua bai- HS cd the lam bai tap trdc ngiem

Cau 1 Dinh luat Hacdi-Vanbec phan anh didu gi?

a) Sir bidn dgng cua tdn sd cac alen trong qudn the

b) Sir khdng dn dinh cua cac alen trong qudn the

c) Su can bang di truyen trong qudn the giao phd'i

d) Su bidn ddng cua tdn sd cdc kidu gen trong qudn thd

Cau 2 Trong mdt qudn the ngdu phd'i da can bdng di truydn thi tfl ti le kieu hinh cd the suy ra

a) Vdn gen cua qudn thd

b) Tdn sd cua cdc alen va ti 16 cdc kidu gen

c) Thanh phdn cac gen alen dac trung cua qudn the

d) Tfnh dn dinh cua qudn the

Cau 3 Trong mdt qudn the giao phd'i cd ti 16 phan bd cac kidu gen d thd he xudt phat la: 0,64BB + 0,32Bb + 0,64b = 1, tdn sd cua alen B, b la

a) B = 0,64, b = 0,36 b)B = 0,2, b = 0,8

c)B = 0,4, b = 0,6 d)B = 0,75, b = 0,25

5 Dan do

- Hgc bai tra ldi cau hdi SGK

- On tap kidn thflc vd quy luat di truydn Menden, phuong phdp lai d sinh hoc 9

ChiTdng IV LTNG DUNG Dl TRUYEN HOC

Bails

IK'

CHON GIONG VAT NUOI VA CAY TRONG D^A

TREN NGUON BIEN DI TO HdP

I MUC TIEU

1 Kien thiirc

- HS giai thfch dugc co chd phat sinh bidn di td hgp

- HS giai thfch dugc thd nao la uu thd lai, ca sd khoa hgc cua uu thd lai, cung nhu phuang phap tao uu thd lai

2 KT nang

Ren mdt sd ki nang:

- Phan tfch, khdi quat

- Van dung If thuydt vao thuc tidn

- Khai thdc thdng tin

II CHUAN Bj

- Tranh hinh SGK phdng to

- Tranh hinh mdt sd gidng cay d dia phuang, tu lieu cua HS

- Cud'n sach: "450 gidng cay trdng mdi cho nang sudt cao" cua tdc gia Giao su Tidn sT Dudng Hdng Dat

- Thdng tin vd phdt hien gen lun - co sd cho tao gidng chju tham canh cao

va nang sudt cao

+ Sfl dung cdc gen lun dd tao ra cac gidng lua mi, lua gao lun va nfla lun co tidm nang nang sudt cao

+ Ngudi md ra ky nguy6n sfl dung gen lun vao tao gidng la nha khoa hgc N.Borlaug (giai thudng Nobel nam 1970) Ong da tao ra hang loat cac gidng

lua mi cao san bdng lai tao gifla gidng lua mi lun Morin 10 (ngudn gdc Nhai Ban) vdi cac gidng lua mi khac

+ Vien lua qudc td IRRI ddng vai trd chu dao trong tao gidng lua gao mdi kidu nfla lun

+ Gidng lua IR8 do IRRI tao ra do lai gifla gidng lua Peta ngudn gdc tfl Inddnexia va gidng lua lun Dai Loan

+ Gidng IRI cho nang suat cao, thfch nghi vdi nhidu vung trdng lua tren the gidi

+ Hdu hdt cac gidng lua trdng trong san xuat d nudc ta tfl nhflng nam 1970 de'n nay, du la gidng tao ra trong nudc hay nhap va chgn lgc tfl gidng nudc ngoai deu dugc tao ra tren cac ngudn gen lun va nfla lun, cho nang sudt cao ban ban cac gidng lua truyen thdng

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- Phat bidu ndi dung dinh luat Hacdi-Vanbec, didu kien nghiem dung va y nghia cua dinh luat

- Thd ndo la trang thai can bdng di truyen ciia qudn the? Cho vf du

- HS chfla bai tap sd 2 SGK trang 73

- HS bidt each tao ddng thudn dua tren ngudn bidn di td hgp

- HS thdy dugc uu nhugc diem cua phuang phdp nay

hidu each tao gidng

thudn dua tren ngudn

bidn di td hgp

- GV y6u cdu HS:

+ Phan tfch hinh 18.1

SGK trang 76

+ Khai quat each tao

gidng thudn dua tr6n

ngudn bidn di td hgp

Hogt dpng cda HS

- HS van dung kidn thflc

tra ldi dugc

+ Bie'n di td hgp la su td hgp lai vat chat di truyen vdn cd cua bd me

+ Co chd: Dua tr6n su phan li ddc lap, td hgp ngdu nhien ciia cac alen

- HS hoat ddng nhdm

- Cd nhan nghien ciiu so

dd lai, nhan bidt each tao

td hgp gen mong mud'n

- Van dung quy luat di truyen Menden dd phan tfch

- Thao luan nhdm thd'ng nha't y kie'n

Ndi dung

* Cach tao gidng thudn

dua tren ngudn bidn di

td hgp

Hogt dpng cga GV

i - GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giiip HS hoan thien

kidn thflc

* Lien he: GV yeu cdu

HS trinh bay each tao

gidng Ilia lun nang suat

cao IR8 va each cai tidn

gidng lua nay

- GV nhan xet va sfl

dung thdng tin vd gidng

Ilia IR8 dd bd sung kidn

thflc

Hogt dpng cda HS

- Yeu cdu neu dugc:

+ Gidng thudn mang td hgp gen ddng nhat (AABBCC)

+ Giao pha'n va tu thu pha'n (tfl P -> F4)

+ Dua ddn cdc gen mong mud'n vao cung td hgp gen dua tren su phan li ddc lap va td hgp ngdu nhien cua cac alen

- Dai dien HS trinh bay

—> ldp nhan xet bd sung

- HS boat ddng ddc lap

- HS trinh bay tr6n so dd hinh 18.2

+ Tidn hanh giao phd'i gdn hay tu thu phdn de tao ra cac gidng thudn chiing

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV neu yeu cdu:

HS chi ra nhflng uu,

nhugc diem cua each tao

gidng thudn dua tren

- Gidng lua thudn nfla

lun tuy cho nang suat

cao nhung ddi hdi tham

canh cao, sfl dung nhidu

phan bdn, nudc tudi

- Gidng lua lun mdn

cam vdi sau benh ddn

de'n tang lugng thudc

bao ve thuc vat gay d

nhidm mdi trudng

- HS van dung kidn thflc thuc td dd tra ldi

- HS cd the neu dugc:

+ Khd duy tri gidng thudn

+ Cac gen thudng phan li trong qua trinh giam phan

Noi dung

* Uu didm cua cdch tao

gidng thudn dua txtn

ngudn bidn dj td hgp

- Dd tim ra td hgp gen mong mudn

- Khdng ddi hdi kT thuat phflc tap

* Nhugc didm:

- Mat nhidu thdi gian va cdng sflc dd danh gia tihig td hgp gen

- Khd duy tri gidng mdt each thudn chung

Hoat ddng 2

TAO GI6NG C 6 i/u TH£' LAI CAO

Muc tieu:

- HS hidu dugc khai niem uu thd lai

- HS ndm dugc co sd di truyen va phuong phdp tao uu the lai

- HS n6u dugc uu, nhugc didm cua uu thd lai

- HS cd the dua vf du minh hoa

- HS nghien cflu SGK muc 2 trang 77

- Phan tfch gia thidt sieu trdi

+ Kieu gen dj hgp con lai cd nhieu dac diem tdt

Npi dung

1 Khai niem

- Uu thd lai la hien tugng con lai cd nang suat, sflc chd'ng chju kha nang sinh trudng va phat tridn cao vugt trdi

so vdi cdc dang bd me

- Uu thd lai bidu hien cao nhdt d Fl sau dd giam ddn d cac thd he sau

2 Co sd di truyen cua

uu the lai (Gia thidt si6u

trdi)

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va bd sung kidn thflc

- GV gidi thieu them vd

mdt sd gia thidt giai

thfch nguyen nhan uu

thd lai

+ Trang thai dj hgp tfl:

Trong CO thd lai phdn ldn

cac gen ndm trong cap dj

hgp Trong dd gen lain

khdng dugc bieu hien

bidu hien trong cap di hgp

- Dai dien HS tra ldi —>

ldp nhan xet bd sung

Noi dung

- C) trang thai dj hgp tu

vd nhieu cap gen khac nhau con lai cd dugc kidu hinh vugt trdi nhieu mat so vdi cdc dang bd

me cd nhidu gen d trang thai ddng hgp tfl (ke ca ddng hgp tfl trdi)

- Bidu didn so dd

AA < Aa > aa

- VD: d cay thudc la + Cap gen aa quy djnh kha nang chju lanh tdi 10"C

+ Cap gen AA quy dinh khd nang chju ndng tdi 35"C

+ cay cd cap gen Aa chju dugc nhiet do tit 10-35"C

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

- GV n6u vdn dd:

+ Con lai cd nhidu dac

diem vugt trdi so vdi bd

me

+ Lam thd nao tao dugc

uu thd lai?

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giup HS hoan thien

kie'n thflc

- HS nghien cun SGK trang 77 muc 3

- Trao ddi nhdm thdng nhdt y kidn

- Y6u cdu n6u dugc

+ Tidn hanh lai nhieu ldn dd cd gidng thudn (AA, aa)

+ Tao dugc nhidu cap gen dj hgp Aa vd tfnh trang mong mud'n

- HS trinh bay trudc ldp,

VD: A X B -> C

Hogt ddng cda GV Hogt ddng cda HS Ndi dung

- GV thdng bdo:

+ Phuong phap lai khdc

dong su dung thanh cdng

vdi ngd tfl thd ki XX

+ Sfl dung hat lai dd

nhan cay Fl, nang sudt

vugt cac dang bd me tdt

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va giup HS hoan Ihien

kidn thflc

- HS nghien cuu SGK trang 77

- van dung hidu bidt thuc td

- Thao luan nhdm thdng nhdt y kidn tra ldi

* Nhugc didm:

- Viec tim kidm td hop gen cho uu thd lai tdn nhidu cdng sflc

- Vi6c tao ddng thudn

va duy tri gap khd khan

va tdn kem

Hogt ddng cda GV

- GV yeu cdu HS khdi

quat kidn thflc vd quy

trinh chung dd chgn

dugc gidng mdi

- GV yeu cdu HS

+ Nghien cflu thdng tin

va tranh anh suu tdm

+ Lua chgn thdng tin tfl

sdch bdo do GV cung

cdp

+ Trinh bay thanh tuu

flng dung uu thd lai trong

san xudt ndng nghiep

Hogt dpng cda HS

- HS van dung kidn

thflc, kdt hgp so dd hinh 18.1; 18.2

- Trao ddi nhanh trong nhdm

- Y6u cdu neu dugc quy trinh chung

+ Tao ngudn bidn dj lam nguyen lieu cho chgn lgc

+ Danh gid kieu hinh dd chgn ra kidu gen mong mud'n

+ Tao va duy tri ddng thudn cd td hgp gen mong mudn

Npi dung

- Khd tien doan trudc td

hgp lai nao cho uu the lai

- Khd duy tri uu thd lai

vi chung giam ddn qua cac thd he

4 Mot vai thanh tuu umg dung iru the lai trong san xuat nong nghiep o Viet Nam

- HS trao ddi va nhan

bidt dugc cac thdng tin

vd cac flng dung uu the lai trong chan nudi va trdng trgt

Npi dung

* Trong chan nudi:

- Tim bidu ky vd cac gidng dja phuong cd gia trj nhu ga ri, ga Ddng Cao, ga Mfa, vjt cd de

lai gidng, tao gidng 5

nang suat cao

- Tim dugc cdng thflc lai cd uu the' cao

Vjt cd X Vjt anh dao Vjt bdu X vjt cd

* Trong trdng trgt:

- Gidng lua CH 103 cd kha nang chju ban va cho nang sudt cao

- Gidng ngd P3011 la gidng lai dan cua cdng

ty Pionner cd thdi gian sinh trudng ngdn, nang suat cao 80 ta/ha

- Gidng ca chua lai sd 2 dugc tao tfl phep lai gifla pxHLl va 16x sd 7, nang sudt 500 ta/ha

4 Kiem tra danh gia

- GV yeu cdu HS nhdc lai kie'n thflc trgng tam cua bai

5 Dan do

- HS hgc bai tra ldi cau hdi SGK

- HS dn tap kidn thflc ve dot bidn gen, NST

- Suu tdm tu lieu ve cdng nghe td bao

Bai 19 TAO GIONG BANG PHXTdNG PHAP

GAY DOT BIEN VA CONG NGHE TE BAO

I MUC TIEU

1 Kien thiirc

- HS giai thfch dugc quy trinh tao gidng mdi bdng phuang phap gay dot bidn

- HS n6u dugc mdt sd thanh tuu tao gidng thuc vat bang cdng nghe td bao

- Trinh bay dugc ky thuat nhan ban vd tfnh d ddng vat

2 KT nang

Ren mdt sd ky nang:

- Phan tfch, suy luan, khdi qudt

- Van dung ly thuydt vao thuc td

- Xfl ly thdng tin

II CHUAN Bj

- Tranh hinh SGK phdng to

- Tu lieu vd thanh tuu chgn gidng d ddng vat, thuc vatt lien quan tdi bai cua HS

- Sdch "Cdng nghe sinh hgc cay trdng" tac gia Dd Nang Vjnh

- Sach "Cdng nghe sinh hgc" tdc gia Vfl Van Vu, Nguydn Mgng Hung trang 43, 51,56

III HOAT DONG DAY - HOC

1 Kiem tra

- Ngudn bidn di di truydn cua qudn thd vat nudi dugc tao ra bdng nhiing each nao?

- Thd nao la uu the lai? Phuong phdp tao gidng lai cho uu the lai?

- Tai sao uu thd lai cao nhat d Fl va giam ddn d ddi sau?

2 Trong tam

Giai thfch quy trinh tao gidng bdng phuong phap dot bien

3 Bai mdi

Mo bai: GV ddn ddt: Trong tu nhi6n sinh vat cd cdc ddt bidn, tuy nhien

nhiing dot bidn cd gid trj kinh td khdng nhidu cho nen cdc nha khoa hgc tidn hanh gay dot bidn nhan tao dd tang ngudn bidn di cho chgn lgc Quy trinh nay dugc thuc hien nhu the nao?

- HS nhan bidt dugc cac dang dot bidn d cay trdng va vat nudi

- HS bie't van dung ly thuydt vao thuc tidn

Hogt dpng cda HS Ndi dung

1 Quy trinh tao gidng mdi bdng phuong phap gay dot bien

Hoat ddng cda GV

+ Chidu xa len hat khd

dinh sinh trudng

+ Dung tia tfl ngoai

budc sdng 2570 A" dd

xfl If vi sinh vat, bao tfl

va hat pha'n -> gay ddt

dflng cac tac nhan gay

ddt bidn thi anh hudng

+ Thao luan nhdm thd'ng nha't y kidn

- Y6u cdu n6u dugc:

+ Sfl dung cac loai tac nhan nhfl tia tfl ngoai, tia

phdng xa, nhi6t di gay

ddt bidn

+ Ddi tugng la vi sinh vat, ddng vat bac thdp, thuc vat

Hogt dpng cda GV Hogt dpng cda HS Npi dung

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va bd sung kien thflc

- GV ddn ddt: Mud'n

gay dot bidn cd the sfl

dung nhidu tdc nhan

khdc nhau, tuy nhien

cdn cd quy trinh chung

- GV y6u cdu HS

+ Nghien cflu SGK trang

79 muc 1

+ Trinh bay quy trinh

tao gidng mdi bdng

phuang phdp gay dot

bidn nhan tao

- GV hdi: Trong quy

trinh tao gidng mdi bdng

phuong phap gay dot

bidn nhan tao can chu y

+ Sfl dung dung tac nhan

va dung lidu lugng neu khdng se gay chdt cho sinh vat

Dai dien HS trinh bay, ldp nhan xet bd sung

- HS hoat ddng ddc lap

- Tdm tdt 3 khau trong quy trinh gay dot bidn

- HS trao ddi nhdm de tra ldi

- HS van dung kidn thflc

ve ddt bidn

Cac khau trong quy trinh tao gidng mdi bdng phflong phap gay ddt bidn nhan tao

- Xfl If mdu vat bdng tac nhan nhan ddt bidn

- Chgn lgc cac the dot bidn cd kidu hinh mong mud'n

- Tao ddng thudn chung

Hogt dpng cda GV

khau nao dd dat hieu

qua? Tai sao?

- GV nhan xet, danh gia

va bd sung nhu hudng

ddn SGV trang 84

- GV neu van dd: Trong

san xudt viec flng dung

phuang phdp gay dot

bidn dugc tidn hanh nhu

the nao?

- GV nhan xet va bd

sung kidn thflc

Hogt dpng cda HS

- Yeu cdu neu dugc:

+ Chu y khau xfl If mdu

va chgn lgc

+ Dot bidn khdng cd hudng, tac nhan gay dot bidn thi nhieu loai

+ Loai dot bidn mong mud'n cd so lugng rat nhd nen chgn lgc khd khan

- Dai dien nhdm trinh bay -> ldp nhan xet bd sung

Hogt dpng cda GV

- GV neu y6u cdu:

+ Nghien cflu SGK trang

79

+ Trinh bay cdc thanh

tuu tao gidng d Viet

Nam

+ De xudt each thflc

nhan bidt so bd cay tfl

bdi trong sd cdc cay

- van dung kidn thflc thuc tien

* 6 thuc vat:

- Loai thuc vat khai thac

ca quan sinh dudng ->

gay dot bidn da bdi

- Loai thuc vat khai thac hat -> khdng gay ddt bidn da bdi vi san phdm bat thu

* d dgng vat:

- DV bac thdp: gay ddt

bidn b rudi gidm

- DV bac cao: khdng gay dot bidn vi co quan sinh san nam sau trong

CO thd

3 Mot sd thanh tuu tao

gidng d Viet nam