Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ.. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, R
Trang 1
SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO VĨNH PHÚC TRƯỜNG THPT PHẠM CÔNG BÌNH
CHUYÊN ĐỀ ÔN THI ĐH:
INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ)
TÁC GIẢ: NGUYỄN TIẾN THÀNH
Yên Lac, tháng 3 năm 2014
Trang 2CHUYÊN ĐỀ INVERSION (ĐẢO NGỮ)
TẠC GIẢ: NGUYỄN TIẾN THÀNH
TỔ TRƯỞNG TỔ NGOẠI NGỮ THỂ DỤC TRƯỜNG THPH PHẠM CÔNG BÌNH
LỚP BỒI DƯỠNG: 10A5
SỐ TIẾT BỒI DƯỠNG: 6 TIẾT
INVERSION IN ENGLISH
Trang 3Trong một số trường hợp các phó từ không đứng ở vị trí bình thường của nó mà đảo lên đứng
ở đầu câu nhằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động của chủ ngữ Người ta gọi đó là câu đảo ngữ Trong trường hợp đó ngữ pháp sẽ thay đổi, đằng sau phó từ đứng đầu câu là trợ động từ rồi mới đến chủ ngữ và động từ chính:
1 Đảo ngữ với NO và NOT
No+ N + auxiliary+S+Verb(inf)
Not any+ N+ auxiliary+ S+ verb(inf)
Eg: No money shall I lend you from now on
= Not any money shall I lend you from now on
2 Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ phủ định: Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, Hardly ever, hiếm khi
mà
Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever+ auxiliary+ S+ V
Never in mid-summer does it snow
Hardly ever does he speak in the public
Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar.
3 Đảo ngữ với ONLY
Only once
Only once did I meet her
Only later
Only in this way:
Only in that way:
Only in this way could the problem be solved
Only then + auxiliary+ S+ V
Only after+ N: Chỉ sau khi làm gì
Only after all gest had gone home could we relax
Only by V_ing/ N: Chỉ bằng cách làm gì
Only by practising English everyday can you speak it fluently
Only when+ clause: Chỉ khi làm gì
Only when her friends told me did I know she had been well-known.
Only when I understand her did I like her
Only with+ N: Chỉ với cái gì
Only with the bank's loan could he buy the car
Only if + clause
Only in + adv of time/ place
4 Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No
At no time: Không bao giờ
The result of the match was never in doubt
=> At no time/never was the result of the match in doubt
On no condition
On no account + auxiliary+ S+ N: Dù bất cứ lý do gì cũng không
On no account must this switch be touched
Chỉ bằng cách này/ kia
năm
Trang 4On no account should you be late for the Exam.
Under/ in no circumstances: Dù trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không
Under no circumstances should you lend him the money
For no reason
In no way: Không sao có thể
In no way could I agree with you
No longer: Không còn nữa
The money is not to be paid under any circumstances
= Under no circumstances is the money to be paid
On no condition shall we accept their proposal
By no means: Hoàn toàn không
By no means does he intend to criticize your idea
5 No sooner than Vừa mới thì đã
Hardly/ Barely/ Scarcely When/ before
Hardly had I arrived home when the telephone rang
(= I had hardly arrived home when the telephone rang.)
Scarcely had she finished reading when she fell asleep
(= She had scarcely finished reading when she fell asleep.)
Barely had they won the match when the coach had a heart attack.
(= They had barely won the match when the coach had a heart attack.)
No sooner had the company launched its new product than it went bankrupt
(= The company had no sooner launched its new product than it went bankrupt.)
No sooner did they realize that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt (= They no sooner realized that they had made a mistake than the company went bankrupt.)
6 Đảo ngữ với Not only but also không những…….mà còn…
Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V…
hoặc Not only + trợ động từ + S + V but also
Not only is he good at E but he also draw very well
Not only does he sing well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly
Not only does he study well, but also he sings well
7 Đảo ngữ với SO
So+ adj/ adv + auxiliary + S+V+ that clause
So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare
So dark is it that I can't write
So busy am I that I don't have time to look after myself
So difficult was the exam that few student pass it
So attractive is she that many boys run after her
So intelligent is that she can answer all questions in the interview
8 Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc như sau:
“Such + to be + Danh từ +…”
· Such is the moment that all greats traverse
(Thật là thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao).
· Such is the stuff of dreams
(Thật là một giấc mơ vô nghĩa).
Trang 5Lưu ý: Thường khi gặp “so great, so much + Noun” thì ta dùng đảo ngữ với “such”
The problem is so great that everybody is concerned of it
=> Such is the problem that everybody is concerned of it
There is so much uncertainty that I will not invest my money
=> Such is there uncertainty that I will not invest my money
9 Đảo ngữ với until/ till+ clause/ adv of time+ auxiliary+ S+ V
I won't come home till 10 o'clock
=Not until/ till o'clock that I will come home
= It is not until 10 o'clock that I will come home
I didn't know that I had lost my key till I got home
= Not until/ till I got home did I know that I had lost my key
10 Đảo ngữ với No where+ Au+ S+V
No where in the VN is the cenery as beautiful as that in my country
No where do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
No where can you buy the goods as good as those in my country
11 Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện
a, Câu đk loại 1: If clause = should+S+V
(Lưu ý: Dùng SHOULD để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
Should she come late she wil miss the train
Should he lend me some money I will buy that house
b, Câu đk loại 2:If clause= Were S +to V/ Were+S
(Lưu ý: Dùng WERE TO để nói về khả năng xảy ra ít chắc chắn hơn)
If I were you I would work harder =Were I you
If I knew her I would invite her to the party= Were I to know her
c, Câu đk loại 3 : If clause = Had+S+V 3 ED
If my parents hadn't encouraged me, I would have taken pass exam
= Had my parents not encouraged me
BÀI TẬP CỦNG CỐ
I Choose the most suitable words underlined.
1 Jim promised that he would never/ never would he tell anyone else
2 Not until it was too late I remembered / did I remember I call Susan
3 Hardly had we settle down in our seats than/when the lights went out
4 Only after checking three times I was/was I certain of the answer
5 At no time I was aware/was I aware of anything out of usual
6 Only Mary sang Sally passed/ did they pass the final examination
7 So the waves were high / So high were the waves that swimming was dangerous
8 Only when Peter has arrived / has Peter arrived can we begin the program
9 No sooner had it stopped raining than/when the sun came out
10 If should you leave early / should you leave early could you leave me a lift?
KEY
1 he would never 6 passed
2 did I remember 7 so high were the waves
3 when 8 Peter has arrived
4 was I 9 than
5 was I aware 10 should you leave early
II Choose the best answer to complete the sentences
1) eating the soup did I remember that I had forgotten to give my little sister some of it
Trang 62) finishing your English homework can you go out.
3) he needed some money did he visit me
A Only by B Only when C Only after
4) I've finished this will I be able to help you
5) selling this house did I realize that it wasn't any good idea
6) I got money from him did I feel glad
7) dinner can you play games
A Only when B Only after C Only by
8) standing on a chair could Eva water the flowers
A Only after B Only when C Only by
9) learning every day could I pass my exams
A Only when B Only after C Only by
10) I wore my jacket did I notice that it was dirty
A Only after B Only when C Only by
III Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER.
1 She has never been so happy before
………
2 I have never heard such nonsense!
………
3 I have never seen such a mess in my life
………
4 Our profits this year are higher than they have ever been
………
5 She would never again trust her own judgment when buying antiques
………
1 Never had she been so happy before
2 Never have I heard such nonsense!
3 Never had I seen such a mess in my life
4 Never have our profits been higher than the profits this year
5 Never would she again trust her own judgment when buying antiques
IV Rewrite these sentences, using RARELY, SELDOM or LITTLE.
1 One rarely find good service these days
………
2 She has rarely traveled more than fifty miles from her village
………
3 It is very unusual for a military campaign to have been fought with so little loss of life
………
4 It is unusual for the interior of the island to be visited by tourists
………
5 Public borrowing has seldom been so high
………
1 Rarely does one find good service these days
2 Rarely has she travelled more than fifty miles from her village
3 Seldom has a military campaign been fought with so little loss of life
4 Seldom is the interior of the island visited by tourists
5 Seldom has Public borrowing been so high
V Rewrite these sentences, using IN, AT , UNDER, or ON.
1 Keith certainly can’t be held responsible for the accident
Trang 72 The children themselves are not in any way to blame for the disaster
………
3.The existence of extraterrestrial is not confirmed by the report
………
4 I was never shown how to operate the machinery
………
5 He never suspected that she was a witch
………
1 In no way can Keith be held responsible for the accident
2 In no way are the children themselves to blame for the disaster
3 In no way is the existence of extraterrestrial life confirmed by the report
4 At no time was I shown how to operate the machine
5 At no time did he suspect that he was a witch
VI Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT.
1 He is my friend as well as yours
………
2 He booked tickets for the afternoon performance and the evening performance as well
………
3 Burglars stole a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, and left the flat in an awful mess
………
4 Tony was not only late, but he had left all his books behind
………
5 You will enhance your posture and improve your acting ability on this course
………
1 Not only is he your friend, but he’s mine too
2 Not only did he book tickets for the afternoon performance but he also booked for the evening performance as well
3 Not only did the burglars steal a thousand pounds’ worth of electrical goods, they also left the flat in an awful mess
4 Not only was Tom late, but he had left all his books behind
5 Not only will you enhance your posture but you will (also) improve your acting ability (as well) on this course
V Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with ONLY.
1 I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home
………
2 It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat
………
3 I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage
………
4 They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating
………
5 They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left
………
1 Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been
2 Only last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat
3 Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it
4 Only after they had finished eating did they get round to business
5 Only after they waited for twelve hours did their flight leave
VI Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD.
1 If the Government were forced into another election, it would be the favourite to win
………
Trang 82 If you should wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00
………
3 If you should have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice
………
4 If you should decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April
………
5 If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately
………
1 Should the government be forces into another election, it would be the favorite to win
2 Should you wish to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is available between 9.00 and 11.00
3 Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your deal for advice
4 Should you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April
5 Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately
VII Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD
1 If the chemical were to leak, a large area of the sea would be contaminated
………
2 If Germany were to beat Romania, they would face Italy in the final
………
3 If Mr Morgan were still head master, he would not permit such bad behavior
………
4 If you had given it on time, you would have got a high mark
………
5 If she had become a lawyer, as her parents wished, she would have earn a large salary
………
1 Were the chemical to leak, a large area of sea would be contaminated
2 Were Germany to beat, they would face Italy in the final
3 Were Mr Morgan still headmaster, he would not permit such bad behavior
4 Had you given it in on time, you would have got a high mark
5 Had she become a lawyer, as her parents’ wishes, she would have earned a large salary
CÁC CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG ĐỀ THI ĐẠI HỌC CAO ĐẲNG CÁC NĂM
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2005
50 She not only passed the exam but also got a prize (Not only)
………
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2004
47 The Picasso painting was so expensive that nobody could buy it
………
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng 1
10 We didn't realise how serious the situation was
………
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng 3
8 No sooner had we started the picnic, the rain began pouring down!
A than B when C that D and
23 If the police had found out, I would have been in trouble
Were………
Đề thi tuyển sinh Học viện Ngân hàng – Phân viện TP Hồ Chí Minh
5 John didn't celebrate until he received the offer of promotion in writing
Not until………
Đề thi tuyển sinh Học viện quan hệ Quốc tế
Trang 92 He never suspected that she was a witch.
At no time………
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2010
Question 42: but he also proved himself a good athlete
A Not only he showed himself a good student
B He did not show himself only a good student
C Not only did he show himself a good student
D A good student not only showed him
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học năm 2009
Question 9: Not until the end of the 19th century become a scientific discipline
A plant breeding has B did plant breeding C plant breeding had D has plant breeding
Question 28: Had she worked harder last summer, she
A wouldn't have been sacked B wouldn't have sacked
C wouldn't sack D wouldn't be sacked
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2009
Question 44: he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came
A No longer has B No sooner had C Not until had D Hardly had
Question 61: Only when you grow up the truth
A you will know B you know C do you know D will you know
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2008
Câu 71: , he would have learned how to read
A If he has been able to go school as a child B If he could go to school as a child
C Were he able to go to school as a child D Had he been able to go to school as a child
Đề thi tuyển sinh Cao đẳng năm 2008
Câu 23: _, they would have had what they wanted
A If they arrived at the fair early B Had they arrived at the fair early
C Unless they arrived at the fair early enough D Supposing they were arriving at the fair early
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học, Cao đẳng năm 2007
Câu 12: _ that she burst into tears
A Her anger was such B So angry she was C She was so anger D Such her anger was
Câu 25: No sooner had she put the telephone down than her boss rang back
A As soon as her boss rang back, she put down the telephone
B Scarcely had she put the telephone down when her boss rang back
C Hardly she had hung up, she rang her boss immediately
D She had hardly put the telephone down without her boss rang back
Câu 30: Never before as accelerated as they are now during the technological age
A have historical changes been B have been historical changes
C historical changes have been D historical have changes been
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học năm 2011 (mã đề 284)
Question 44: The instructor blew his whistle and
A off were running the runners B the runners run off
C off ran the runners D off the runners were running
Đề thi tuyển sinh Đại học năm 2010 (mã đề 358)
Question 62: The woman was too weak to lift the suitcase
A The woman wasn’t able to lift the suitcase, so she was very weak
B The woman, though weak, could lift the suitcase
C So weak was the woman that she couldn’t lift the suitcase
Trang 10D The woman shouldn’t have lifted the suitcase as she was weak.
BÀI TẬP TỰ GIẢI
I Rewrite these sentences, using NEVER, NO, NOT, ONLY, AND OTHER INVERSION STRUCTURES.
1 The firm has never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration
………
2 I’ve never come across such a horrifying film
………
3 I have never been so moved by a Shakespeare production
………
4 I never for one moment thought the consequences would be so far- reaching
………
5 I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before
………
6 They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony
………
7 They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success
………
8 The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent
………
9 She didn’t realized what would happen to her next
………
10 I didn’t think that one day I’d be appearing in films rather then just watching them
………
11 There has never been a time when the English language was not in a state of change
………
12 Miss Weaver will not be offered the job under any circumstances
………
13 You should not send money to us by post under any circumstances
………
14 We can’t exchange tickets in any circumstances
………
15 I won’t go out that way to visit him again on my account!
………
16 It isn’t worth considering his suggestion for a moment
………
17 She didn’t shed a tear when the story ended in tragedy
………
18 The manager not once offered us an apology
………
19 She made no sound as she crept upstairs
………
20 He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired
………
21 I didn’t realize who he was until later
………
22 The door could not be opened without using force
………
23 I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized
………