Nhimg dieu kien dd tao cho Thai Nguyen cd nhieu tigm ndng dg phdt ttien kinh tg, ddy mgnh cdng cupc xod ddi gidm ngheo XDGN, cdi thign vd ndng cao ddi sflng nhdn ddn, thye hign myc tigu
Trang 1THAI NGUYEN THI/C H | £ N CONG CUdCX6A0dl GIAM NGHEO, GIAI DOAN 2001 2010
Xda Sdi giim nghio (XDCN) limit chi trUtmg lin, quan trgng vi xuyin suit cua Dingvi NH nuic ta trong thii ky Sil mil; tri thinh nhiim vu trgng tim Sit ra cho tit ci cic tlnh, thinh pho Thil Nguyin li mit trong nhiing tlnh nim trong vung trung du vi mien nui Bic Bi Si eo nhiiu sing tgo trong viic thue hiin cing cugcXDQN, vi Si Sgt Suae mit so kit qui buic Sau
ThS HOANG TH| M* HANH
Thr&ng Dgi hgc Suphgm Thdi Nguyin
I.MdtsikAquibirAcdJu
Vdi vi tri Id himg tdm ehinh frj, kinh tl cfla
khu Vigt Bdc tiudc ddy, ciia vimg tiling du
vd miln nui Bde Bfl ngdy nay Thai Nguygn
cd lpi the quan frpng ttong phdt trign kinh tl,
van hod, trao doi hang hda giua viing trang
du mign nui vdi vflng ddng bdng Bdc Bp, md
rpng thj tiirdng ttong vd ngodi nude Nhimg
dieu kien dd tao cho Thai Nguyen cd nhieu
tigm ndng dg phdt ttien kinh tg, ddy mgnh
cdng cupc xod ddi gidm ngheo (XDGN), cdi
thign vd ndng cao ddi sflng nhdn ddn, thye
hign myc tigu phat trien nhanh vd bgn vung
Trong thdi ky dfli mdi, quan diem xuygn
sudt eua Ddng Id gan tang tradng kinh tg vdi
quan tdm gidi quygt ede vdn dg xd hpi ngay
ttong timg budc phat triln Cung vdi qua
trinh ddi mdi, tang hirdng kinh tl, phdi quan
tam tdi cdng tde XDGN, thye hien cflng
bdng xa hpi XDGN dupc xdc djnh Id mflt
ttong nhflng chuong trinh quic gia
Thye hign cac nghj quylt cua Dang, cip
uy, chmh quyln eae dja phuang, ttong dd cd
tinh Thai Nguygn da day mgnh thye hien
Chuong trinh XDGN thong qua nhung bign
phdp cy the, sdt vdi tinh hlnh dja phuong, xod hp ddi, gidm mgnh hfl nghdo, tilp tyc tdng tong ngufln vin XDGN, md rpng cdc hinh thire ho ttp giup ngudi nghdo sdn xudt kinh doanh
Qudn tti^t nghj quylt cfla Ddng vg XDGN, Dgi hfli dgi bilu Ddng bp tinh Thai Nguygn lin tiifl XVI (thdng 1-2001), ttong djnh hudng phdt trien kinh tg - xd hfli giai dogn
2001 -2010 da chi ttuong: Tiip tifc thfic Uin
chuong trinh xda ddi gidm ngheo Ldng ghep
cd hiiu qud cdc chtrang trinh muc tiiu cho nguai ngheo, hgp nhdt Chtrang trinh 135 vdi cdc ehuang trinh khdc vdo ehuang trinhphdt trien kinh ti - xd hgi & 18 xd dgc biit kho khdn Ben cgnh viec tdng cu&ng x^dtrng kit cdu hg tdng cho cdc xd ngheo, cdn coi trgng cdng tdc ddo tgo cdn bg, tgo diiu kiin cho ddn cu cdc xd ngheo phdt triin ngdnh nghe, phdt triin sdn xudt, ndng cao thu nhgp
Tir ndm 2001 din 2010, dudi sy ldnh ( ^ cua Tinh fly, sy quan tdm chi dgo cua Uy ban nhdn dan tinh trong thye hign cac ehuang trinh, myc tigu vl XDGN, chuong hinh XDGN frgn dja bdn tinh da dien la
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Trang 2dung tign dfl, c6 nhung nam hodn thdnh
vupt kg hogeh de ra
Kit qua XDGN ciia tinh Thdi Nguyen
giai dogn 2001-2005 rit ddng khich lg, tie
dfl gidm ty lg hfl ngheo eua tinh binh qudn
hdng nam Id 17,15% NIU nhu nam 2001 Id
14,91% thi ndm 2005 gidm xuIng cdn
4,68% (theo chuan cii), sd hp thodt ngheo
tang dang ke
Tuy nhign, qua sd hgu digu tra, cdn phdn
ldn sd hfl cd mue sdng cgn ngheo, ngn mdi
khi digu ehinh ehudn ngheo thi sd hfl ngheo
tdng len nhanh chdng Ngu nam 2005 sd hfl
ngheo dupe tinh theo chudn mdi' (theo quyet
djnh sfl 170/2005/QD-TTg, ngay 8-7-2005
cua Thfl tudng Chinh phfl ve viec ban hdnh
chudn ngheo dp dyng cho giai dogn
2006-2012) Id 62.227 hp, tiic Id 26,85%, thi tiieo
chudn mdi, ba nam tigp theo cua giai doan
2006-2010 ty lg hp ngheo hrcmg iing Id
23,74; 20,69; 17,74 Ty lg hp ngheo vdn cd
xu hudng gidm vd giam deu qua cac nam
Ndm 2006 gidm 3,11% so vdi ndm 2005;
nam 2007 gidm 3,05% so vdi nam 2006; nam
2008 giam 2,95% so vdi nam 2007; nam
2009 Id 13,99% va ndm 2010 Id 10,80% Tuy
vdy, flieo Quylt djnh sd 09/2011/QD-TTg,
ngdy30-I-201I eua Thu tudng Chinh phfl vl
vigc ban hdnh chudn hfl ngheo, hfl cdn ngheo
dp dung cho giai dogn 2011 - 2015\ till so ho
ngheo lgi tdng len 20,57%
Sfl hp thodt ngheo tdng ddn theo thdi
gian: nam 2005 Id 9.776 hfl tdng Ign 15.214
hp vdo nam 2010; sfl hp ngheo gidm ddn tir
68.227 hp (nam 2005) xuflng 30.779 hfl
(nam 2010) Dilu do chiing td eflng tdc xda
ddi gidm ngheo d Thdi Nguyen di dilng
hudng vd cd hieu qud Nhung, nlu xet ttgn
ty Ig sfl hfl thodt ngheo thi kit qua cdn chua
hrcmg xiing vdi sy quan tdm ddu tu cua
Dang bp, chinh quyen vd cflng dflng dfli vdi cdng tdc nay
Theo udc tinh cda Cyc Thing kg Thai Nguyen, tie dfl giam ngheo cua nflng thfln chi bdng 0,97 ldn so vdi thdnh thj Tuc la eii
100 ngudi thodt ngheo d thdnh thi thi d ndng thdn chi cd 97 ngudi Vi the, ty lg hp ngheo
d ndng thon ngdy cdng tdng, tfl 90,5% (nam 2001) ldn 90,77 (nam 2005); 91,13% (ndm 2008) Ddng ehu y, ty lg hp ngheo tang ttong nhiing ndm gdn ddy do tdc dflng tieu cue cfla suy thodi kinh te todn cdu; nhigu khu cflng nghigp boat dflng khflng higu qua, ngn khdng thu hflt them lao dpng dl giai quylt nhu cdu vige lam, nhilu doanh nghigp phd sdn; lam phdt eao, khiln cho ddi sing nhan ddn, nhdt la ngudi ngheo cang khd khan hon, nguy ca tdi ngheo tang len
Thai Nguyen Id tmh cd 8 ddn tpc anh em sinh sing, kl vai vd sat canh ttong qua trinh xdy dyng vd phdt ttien Tiong nhilu nam qua Dang vd Chinh phfl cung nhu Dang bp tmh Thdi Nguyen da quan tam ldnh dgo, chi dao diu tu vd hfl ttp tich eye cho ddng bao dan tpc tiiilu sl (DTTS) frong hogt dpng sdn xuit kinh doanh, thye hign cdc chuong ttinh, myc tigu XDGN Ddi sing cfla dai da sfl ting ldp ddn cu dupc eai thien va nang cao mflt budc, nhung vdn cdn mflt bfl phdn dflng bdo DTTS ddi sflng gap rit nhilu khd khan Hp ngheo DTTS tang qua eac nam, tir 30,2% nam 2001 len 35,35% nam 2008 Cd nhilu nguygn nhan efla tinh ttang ndy, nhung nguyen nhau quan ttong Id do da sl ding bdo DTTS sing d vung sdu, vflng xa, bj chia cdt vl mat dja ly, giao luu kinh tl, van hda bj hgn chl, thilu dilu kign phdt ttiln vl hg ting ea sd va djch vu xa hpi
CO bdn Toe dfl gidm ngheo cua dflng bdo DTTS chdm hom ngudi Kinh vd khoang each ngheo cd sy chenh Igch dang ke
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Trang 3Thdi Nguyen Id tinh cd dja hinh phflc tgp
Can eu vao dgc diem dja ly, vdn hod, ddn cu,
Uy ban nhdn ddn tinh da phdn dia bdn tinh
tiianh 3 vflng: Vflng trang du - phia Nam tinh
(gim: thdnh pho Thdi Nguyen, huygn Phd
Ygn, thj xd Sdng Cdng, huygn Phu Binh);
Vflng nfli eao - phia Dong Bdc tinh (huygn
Vo Nhai vd Dflng Hy); Vflng nfli - phia Bdc
tinh (gdm: huypn Djnh Hda, huy$n Phfl
Luang, huygn Dgi Tir) Vigc phdn chia nhu
vgy nhdm tgo digu kign thugn lpi cho ddnh
gid tinh hinh vd kigm tta, gidm sdt qua trinh
phdt hign kinh tl-xd hfli theo tung vflng (!)
mfli vung, can cfl ddc dilm vdn hda - xd hfli
vd ttinh dfl phdt ttign kinh te khdc nhau, vg
so lupng va dae diem cua ngudi nghgo d moi
vflng, de xdy dyng vd thye thi chinh sdch phu
hpp cho mdi vimg, nhanh chdng gidm ty lg
ngheo ttgn todn tinh, gdp phdn tbyc hign myc
tigu ehucmg trinh gidm ngheo quoc gia
Mac dii so bp ngheo ed khac nhau va tdc
dp gidm ngheo khflng giflng nhau, nhung xu
hudng chung Id sd hfl ngheo gidm qua cac
ndm Ndm 2005 sfl hfl ngheo d phia Nam la
24.371 hfl gidm xuflng cdn 9.913 hfl nam
2010; raang img d phia Bic Id 29.592 hfl
gidm xuing 14.305 hfl; d phia Ddng Bdc Id
7.237 gidm xuflng cdn 6.561 hp
Quan triet cdc quan diem cfla Dang vd
Nhd nudc vg XDGN, bdo ddm an sinh xa
hdi, thye hign myc tigu phdt trign nhanh vd
bin virng, frong giai dogn 2001-2010, Ddng
bp tinh Thdi Nguyen da ldnh dao thye hign
cd higu qud chuong trinh XDGN vd ehinh
sdch an sinh xa hfli eho ngudi ngheo trgn dja
bdn tinh Nhiing ket qua dat dupc ddng
khich lg trong cdng tdc ndy da gdp phdn quan
frpng vdo nhirng thdnh tuu md Thdi Nguygn
dgt dupc, cd vl kinh tl, vdn hda - xa hfli
Tinh din ngdy 31-12-2010, ty le hp ngheo
gidm tfl 26,85% nam 2005 xuong cdn 10,80% ndm 2010, gidm 16,05%, tirong ung 37.448 hp thodt nghdo
Bfl mdt nflng thfln ndi chung vd cde xa nghdo, xd ddc bipt khd khdn da cd sy thay doi ddng kl, nhit Id vl hg ting co sd vd phdt trien sdn xuat; ddi song cua dgi da so ngudi ddn dupc ndng eao, ddc bigt la nhdm hp nghdo ding bdo DTTS Khdng chi tang ve thu nhgp, ddi song dupc cdi thign, ngudi nghdo DTTS edn dupc quan tdm hon frong chdm sdc sire khde, di Igi, hpe hdnh, Din nay, co sd hg ting ky thudt efla cde xd dac bigt khd khdn ca bdn dupe edi thign rd rgt: 100% xd cd tradng tigu hpe vd tram y te; 100% xd cd dudng d td den trang tdm xd; 100%i xd ed dign sinh hogt vdi 95% sl hp
dflng dign; 75% hfl dflng nudc sgeh
Dfli vdi cdc vflng ddc bigt khd khdn, vflng ding bao DTTS, Ddng bfl, chinh quyln tinh Thai Nguygn da thye hign cd kit qud nhung chinh sdch uu tign cua Chinh phfl thdng qua trien khai cdc ehuang trinh, dy dn, nhu: Chuong tiinh 135, 134, tiijr gid, tnj cudc vd nhieu chinh sdch uu ddi khdc Nhd dd, ngudi ngheo, ddng bdo DTTS da dupc hudng dyng cdc thdnh qud cua qud trinh phat trign kinh tl, thu hpp khodng each giiia cdc vimg Chuong trinh gidm ngheo h-gn dia ban tinh dd thu hflt dupc sy tham gia ddng ddo cua cac ting Idp nhdn ddn Phong trdo "Ngdy
vi ngudi ngheo" dd nhdn dupc sy quan tdm
vd giup dd cua nhilu cd nhdn, eflng dflng, doanh nghigp, cdc td chirc xd hfli vd nhilu td chuc quic tg Ngodi nguin lyc hfl ttp hi Trang uang vd ngufln ngdn sdch dja phuong, Ddng bp tinh coi trpng vipe huy dflng sy ddng gdp cua cpng dflng ttong trien khai cac
dy an eua ehuang trinh XDGN Ben cgnh ho ttp bing tiln, phdi ke din sy ddng gdp bang
Trang 4ngdy cdng lao dpng ciia ngudi ddn d nhiing
nai ed dy dn
Tinh tfl nam 2000 din ndm 2010, Quy Fi
nguai ngheo todn tinh dd thu dupc ttgn 33,5
ty dflng Thdng qua ngufln quy nay, da cd
tren 5.000 hfl ngheo tgi 9 huygn, thdnh phfl,
thj xa ciia tinh dupc hfl ttp tign lam nhd mdi
Bgn cgnh dd, Quy cdn hfl ttp thdm hdi, ttp
cip cdc hp ngheo ttong cdc djp le, tgt, hogn
nan, ho ttp khdm chfla bgnh, mua edy, eon
giing giflp hp ngheo fln djnh cuflc song
Cdc chinh sdch, dy dn, hogt dflng eua
chuong ttinh XDGN dupc ttien khai thye
hign, di vdo cuflc sflng cfla nhdn ddn, md ra
hang ngdn co hfli cho ngudi ngheo dupc tiep
can cdc dich vy xa hpi, timg bude cai thign
ddi sing vdt chat, tuih thin, gdp phdn phat
ttign kinh tg - xd hfli ciia dja phuong
hign cd higu qua myc tigu chuomg trinh quflc gia vg XDGN Chuong trinh da di vdo cuflc sflng va huy dflng dupc su:c manh cfla ca hg thflng chinh ttj, tgo sy ddng thudn cua cac cap, cac ngdnh, tfl chue doan the, to chflc xd hfli, ede doanh nghigp, co sd sdn xuat kinh doanh, sy tham gia cua cac tang ldp ddn cu
vd cfla ehinh ngudi nghgo, hfl ngheo Chuong trinh ciing thu hut sy hudng iing, ehia se vd ung hfl tieh cue eua nhieu td chflc quoc tl Nhflng kit qud dat dupc trong cdng cupc XDGN da gdp phdn ndng cao ddi sdng vdt chdt, tinh than cho ngudi ngheo tinh Thdi Nguyen, gdp phdn vdo nhirng thanh tyu phdt trign kmh tl, van hod, ddm bao ttdt hi an todn
xd hpi va an ninh qude phdng ttgn dja bdn •
2 Mot so han die, bat cap
Bgn canh nhirng ket qud dgt dupe, cdng tdc
XDGN ttgn dja bdn tinh van cdn nhigu khd
khan, bit cap Tflc dfl gidm ngheo chdm lgi,
nguygn nhdn ca bdn Id cdc gidi phdp edn
thilu tinh ding bfl, bign phdp diu tu, hfl ttp
ehua cu thg, mdi chii frpng din hfl frp ttuc
tilp vdt ehit cho ngudi ngheo ma chua chu
dpng ngdn ngira nhung nguy co din tdi ddi
ngheo vd thodt ngheo thigu bgn virng; sd hp
can ngheo cao; ngudn lyc huy dflng cho
chuong trinh ban hep, sy tham gia cfla cflng
ding, doanh nghigp vd todn xd hfli chua
tuong ximg vdi tigm ndng cfla dja phuang,
nen chua dap img diy du nhu eau cfla ngudi
ngheo vd cdc xd ngheo dg tgo ra ca hfli thuan
lpi cho hp vuan Ign ttong cupc sflng
XDGN Id mot chu traong, chmh sdeh xa
hpi ldn cua Dang, Nhd nudc ta Trong qua
trinh tbyc hign dudng ldi ddi mdi cua Dang,
Dang bp tinh Thdi Nguyen da lanh dgo tiiyc
1 Theo QuySt dinh sd 170/2005/QD-TTg, ngay 8-7-2005 cua Thil tucmg Chinh phu, chuan ngheo
ap dyng cho giai dogn 2006-2010 nhu sau:
- Khu VUC nong thon: hp co mUc thu nh^p binh quan til 200.000d/ngudi/thang tni xuing la hp ngheo
- Khu vyc thanh thj: hp CO mice thu nhap binh tpian tit 260.000cl/ngit6i/thang tro xuing la hp ngheo
2 Theo Quyet dinh s6 09/20II/QD-TTg, ngay 30-1 -2011 cua Thu Wong Chinh phii, chuin ngheo
ap dyng cho giai doan 2011-2015 nhu sau:
- Hg ngheo 6 nong thon la hp CO miic thu nhap binh quan 400.000d/ngudi/thang trd xuing
- Hp ngheo d khu vyc thanh thi la hp co muc thu nhap binh qudn SOO.OOOd/ngirM/thdng trd xuing