Finder 233-236 Look at each sentence or pair of sentences and decide if the second of the two Ideas is an ..... Write down the two finite adverbial clauses.. Some of these sentences are
Trang 1388 Verbs after wish and if only
Complete what people are saying about th ei r situation
[t r<tJllS t!vcry weekend, ,lIld Sarllh is getting f'.ad up wilh II
~urnh' I wh.h ~ t W~I( ~r1 ' t .r 'O,I') ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ !~.e.J'.f!- a
Amy Is n'( as contidem 3'i Laura, hut she would like I() be
4 Chloe vcry much wants 10 contact an old Iril ~ nd hut stU' do c~ n 'l have the address
Chlt)C If only the address
5 Nicola and KITSry had a st'Cret but Nicola is annoyed because Kirsty told everyone
Nicola 10 Kirsty: I wish ,
6 Adnm never lock the frunt dour, and Oliver i!> compl:unmg to him about 11
Ollvcr to Adam' I wish ,
7 The DVD player won't work, and C arl is desperate to play his DVO
Carl: If , , , work
a Unfortunately Kate couldn't be at Tim's wedding, although she regrets nUl bemg thcre Kale to Tim I wbh
Put one of these words into each sentence: add i i on, a l ternat ively, besides , both, e i th e r, more, neither, only , otherwise , well, with
I can't afford to go to the b ll t I?<" ~! ~I ~ ~ I wouldn't enjoy it
[s it POl;l;illle to tin u rllll·thllc Job and IflOk aflcr small children
5 The film star has heaUlifuJ hUllu.'S , III Los Angeles and in Pans
6 Ian had betler return my car in one piece, , ' I'm never going 10 speak to him a ilin,
7 There's no post, lind I haven't had any c·mails , , , , , "
H We're woklllg for four gllcslh In , , , , , to everyone else
9 rile company nut, , , , ,loSI lhc case, hut [he), also had to pay all the legell COSts,
10 We can So on the 1l1Olorway, or ,
which is slower but more dir:ct
Htti , \lUi Vi'''''s allcr WI I II aud ,r (mlv
we could drive across country
Trang 2390 Words meaning 'but' Finder 235
Link each pair of sentences without changing their order Use the word in brackets Sometlmes you have to expand the word into a longer phrase
The man was very helpful I felt suspiciou!I of him (even)
· ~~- ':II?-':' .W? 5 ."'~:~ f~·!P'.ftl! , E , v e" .5o?t ~ fe~ ~~f>'C.'C!t'::, 0 IJ'
I'd had a good mght's !>Iccp felt tin 'ti (same)
,
2 Alice felt optimistic She had a few problems (despite)
3 J couldn't speak I was conscious (although)
4 It was frCC'lJng cold People were in 'I-shirts (cvl ~ n though)
5 I'm in a wheelchair I'm nUl l>lupid you know (ill Jotpirc)
6 Yes, I do eat meal My nat-mate is a vcgetHrian (olher hand)
•
Match the two parts of the sentence
-:- ~ - - II> The company was mismanaged, and conscquelllly the fish have died
-1 I didn't need the bike any more, and-tts-a-teStHt-H went bankrupt
2 I was so annoyed as a resuh of overwork
3 My health was getting worse she'll know what to do
4 Hannah IS such an expert so I sold It
S AU the candidates were hopeles!lo, thai 1 completely lost my temper
Trang 3392 Review of and, or, but, so etc Finder 233-236
Look at each sentence or pair of sentences and decide if the second of the two Ideas is an
The nat I S too small Funhermore, it's in a horrible ilrea
The complllCrs are down Consequently, everything is In chaos
2 I might do husinc!os studies or work in my pare,m 'c ompany
3 rhe plan was approved in spite of all the objt:clions,
" J don', think I rancy a picnic Besides I've got work til do
S Not only did we see (he lower, but we went up to the lOp
ti At least you're safe Even so, you tHOle a big risk
393 Review of and, or, but so, etc
Oecide which answer is correct
II was !>}'(r.- ~1 ,a shock that I didn't know what 10 say
,I) big III sO c) such dl vcry
There was a bomb scare rn thc resort, and
a } consequently b however c) though dl while
Finder 233-236
tourists stayed away
2 My uncle IS the owner and the manager of the hotel
a) as well b) bOlh c ) either dl neither
3 It 's a nice coal II doesn't fit me
a ) although b) but c) despilt! dl (hough
4 Friday was a sunny day, SUI\JTday was wet
1
a) as well a Ii b) bcsidt.~ c) howev-er dl while
5 The man had a Illotive for the murder ' he was seen in the <lrea •
a) Consequently b) However c) Moreover d) Nevenheless
6 I'd better post the parcel today, it won't get there In time
7 Not everyone is happy about the new timetahle There are,
a number of advantilKes 10 iI
al consequently b) furthermore c) however dl moreover
394 Review of and, or, but so, etc
'
iii- Finder 233 -23 6 Write a sentence of similar meaning uSing the word or words in brackets
This product is cheap, and it"s effective (as well as)
"fh.i~ pr:~l"!-<7t; '.s c '~.aP ~~ ~!f.as e/ .f~f-.t~v~:
I haven't got a car, and I haven't got a bike (either)
'
2 The answer was obvio s, but I just COUldn't see it (allhoughl
198 J~2 H VI C W of (Iud, or bill , so, tc
Trang 4J The pari)' isn't very popular, and its polIcies aren't very popular (neither, nor)
4 1 felt vcry emotional, and I almOSI bur'>t mto tears, (so, that)
5 You'll love thIs film Or will you hale ill' (either)
6 t was quoted In the newspapers and Interviewed on TV Inot only hut, also)
'7 [have to book the hotel, and I have to make the travel arrangements (in addition to)
8 rhe meal was excellent, but the surroundings were depressing (though)
9 The affair became public even though they attempted to conceal it (despite)
10 Wage cuts have led to people rioting on the streets, (as a result 00
, , , ,
,
I
Complete these two paragraphs
Put in: also, but despite or that therefore
CAB PROBLEMS
I ww; having a lot of problems with my car The engine kept cutting out, and I (I )
had trouble startlng it I got so fed up with it (2) I took it to a garage They told me
it was going \0 cost hundreds of pounds to repair (3) unforlunutely I didn't havc the money, and I (4) decided to get rid of the car (S) needing Jt for
work Now 1 gel the bus to work (6) a colleague gIves me i1 lift
Put in: alternatIVely, as a result of consequently, furthermore in spite of , on top of
UNtvERSITY STU DENT S
(7) their aim to get more young pcople into univcr~itics the government has put financial dIfficulties in their way Nowadays most students get a loan instead of a grant
and some have to pay tuition fees (8) that (9) '
f many of them run up huge dcbts, or (In) their parents have to support
them (11) these obstacles, somc school 1eavers are discouraged from applying to go to universify {l2l , ' an increasing number are dropping OUI before complcting thc course
395 Hcvlew of IIlld, o r , hilt, so elt 199
Trang 5396 Introduction to adverbial clauses ~ Finder 237
Read th i s s tory and then write the answers ,
W H I: I:LCl I AIB C,ET A W A Y
If you find this story h;11 d to helieve, thai \ understandable, but It really is true, and it happened
in Glasgow Two men, line of whom IS confined 10 a wheeldiair, ecided to stcal a teleVISIOn set
from a shop_ The able-bodied man went into the shop Snatching a TV sct, he run Olll and gllvc II
to his friend, who held II while being pushed along at speed.'Thc pair managed 10 travel aboll! a
quarter of a mile hefure p lice caught up with them
Write down the two finite adverbial clauses (They bt'gin with a conjunction and" subJecl)
2 Write down the two llUIl·fillltc advcrhi;11 clauses
Some of these sentences are correct, and some have a word missing from them If a
sentence is correct, put a tick (.I) after It If It is incorrect, put the word In the right place
I'd like to talk to y u before you go /
""" I was tired afler I'd ~e.n working all day
I' v e heen to Ihal restaurant once since opened
2 Once huilt, the tunnel will cut an hour off the Journey
3 Be care(u\ When put these glasses away
4 Thc player was mjured soon after start of the game
5 You're supposed to keep dancing until the music stops
6 So, finished my work, 1 sat down to walch 'IV
Put in when, while, or as
f\~ I was chatting away to my friend, Ih~ line suddenly went dead
\ the doO! slammed the birds all fl w aw'ay
2 night slowly fe , people were hurrylllg home
:I 1 ride in a car, I always feel Sick
4 ' " I was younger, my parents had iI farm
5 I Wl.l S ren ing a book I wailet.! 10 see tlHi doewr
200 I !1 G In t rodu c o n 10 a d ver b l;'] 1 dl1 l1 e :>
Trang 66 Debbie always says hello she Sl,.'CS me
7 JlL ~ t we raced onto the platform, the train pulled away
B we finally arrived at our destinatiun, it WllS after midnight
9 I was cro::.sing the road 1 suollcnly saw sOllleone I know
10 The lItlllo:.phere grew more and more tense we approached til{' flOtlllCI
Rewrite each sentence replacing the adverbial phrase with an adverbial clause
In wet wcather water comes III through (he roof
I.vJ~J.1 'i: r:-0'!'7t ~<=;l-(~'" ~~.~ '0 ~l:-':qt'l) t / 'te "'0'=!1
Tom felt nervous before IllS appearance nn ·IV
9 l.eanne's flat WlIS hllfgled dunns her holiday
10 At the exact Illoment of OlLr dcpnrturc, my mobile rang
Combine each pair of sentences Without changing their order Put the word In brackets either at the beginning or tn the middle
II"- The pla)'er had an injury lit: had tn leave the field {due to)
· ~e;-.t t) .":" '~~urtJl ~/~ p', a !1'- r- lI p ~l ~(~ I P -fl vt;!- t./1<!!- fr~/0:
I'm going 10 move abroad The weather IS so awful here (benlUse)
· ~ '~,1,?'09 fq ""¥'Y~ a~-oa9- t?e:c:o:u~_ ~hf:- ~~fJe:.- ~~ -¥l 00«; ' her e
My father g'1'Ie lip his jub His hellith is poor (on account 00
Trang 74 I feel much more confident I'm qualified (now)
5 The car is III excellent candillan II's a bargain (because 00 6 I can't talk now I'm work i n~ hcC<lusc) 7 There is so much sneer crime You had beUcr lake a taxi (since)
8 Joshua helped us ~I e was bemg kind (out 00 9 Pt.-ople are staying at home They are afraid of terrorism (because 00
401 Clauses of purpose , Finder 240 F i nd the sentences that belong together Then combine the sentences using the word in brackets in one of the clauses II- I want to leave my optons open II- People need 10 feed thdr fumilies 1 I stayed up lale I nceded a paper (for) 1 wanted to walch a film (10) It I S increasing production (in order to) ~n-tJo - whetever I wantrl9tHhat) Then I don't lose them (to avoid) 2 Put plenty of glue all the paper 3 We talk.ed quietly 4 The company is trying to meet demand Then it'll Slick properly (,;0 thaI) S I had to go to Ihe ncwsagent's :-~ 0) 6 I hang my keys around my neck We didn', wam to wake the baby (so as) 7 A spade is a tool You dig with it (for) 8 You want to understand the political situati n You need to know some history (In order tol L -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ _ _ _ f .~" ,~ 0.1~~~e: ~J 0.p.t!~.o~!" ~ ~~.t l ~q.0 9- P ,,-!ha te':'t? t;' .1 ~~t: , f ry 9':'"~':"" t!'.~e e~ :t~;r :fa~/j~,Pf-pp!~ ~;q",:~ ~q ~-1'r"."':"'?~:
I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ·
•
,
, ,
·
·
202 ·01 • CI;lllsCS of purpose
Trang 8I
I
I
Read each sentence and decide if the adverbial clause is one of time, reason, or purpose
Wlml L1id you think when you saw the exam qUt.:Slioll1t? ~ir~_
1 I'm ';:<lving up so thai J c an buy a mOlor-blke
2 As I was waltmg my turn, I was readmg a book .•
3 Having pHid thp hill, Wtl sal there chaIring a while longer • • •
4 You should know the answer as you're SCI clever • •
5 We had (0 hurry to gel here on time "
6 BClng an only child, I was good at amusing myself 7 I've lived here since I was a child B I use this comptller (or surfing the web
9 The oldiers were cxhuuMed for they hud marched a lung way , ,
10 Since [ was obviously expected tu make OJ speech J ru~e IU my fcct •
403 As and like Finder 241 Put m as or like ~ Murk looks ~I ~ e he's in a hurry tu 11e off I we've learned the cheapest option isn't alwRYs the best 2 The gue:.ts rushed to grab their food ammab 3 Yuu look though you've had <I shock 4 We never looked winning the game S I felt if I'd been kicked by a horse 6 The stock market hns performed exactly finaocial analyst~ had fOleca~1 404 Whoever, whatever, etc Rewrite each sentence using whoever, whatever, etc No matter when I ring LOUIse, her phone is sWllched off l.')~v"e.,,: ! ."'."~ 4~.'~" he.r el~ I~ ~)!~.I¢ c:f-f
I No matter where we looked, there were nags flying 2 I don't care who docs the cooking it won't be me
3 I don', care when that man comes here I'm going to be OUI Finder 242A
4 II makes no difference what's happcnt.-'d the newspapers will invent their own siory
<till mcanllll!S 203
Trang 9405 Review of adverbial clauses Finder 238-242
Complete this true story Put in these words alter, as if because, because of, however,
in order to, no sooner, since, than , when while ;
Sl.OW Wi'll K ron CANU- H HEllO
40-year-old Lloyd Scott crossed the fin!shlng line of the Lofulon Marathon yesterday
( ) ~~t~r:" walking for 128 hours in a deep sea dlvcr'~ suit weighing S4 Kilos lie did It (1) , raise money fOl children with cancer Mr Soon once had cancer
of (he SUit,' sClid Mr Scott, I often fel! (6) , , , J just couldn't go any further
(8) , , " " " , , I've raised £100,000 for children with cancer.' But Mr Scott I s n ' t
(10) , he WIl talking about hiS next project - a bike ride acro~~ AUSlr.1I13,
Each of these sentences is incorrect Write the correct sentence
I-tlitl-tt-ctlrefull)'-Htflt+weukin ~ H"flke a m~
, ,:f ~t,!C~ !t, t;.c;.,~~ -(j~/I~ .:.t? ,t,he: ~ ,r .~J.!dn 't ~,k.~, 0 ;"!1~t.a.K.~ ,
J ik-eJ'ett etttt-imttginej"+ ~·' e beert-Yetj'-WftHtffl
3 How hard Justtn·-tr-teti;-he wuldtt+-!nt-+htHarget,
4 ~he-mal(er wils-kept-secr-et ftOt-ttt ttlarm-the-puhhe
5 'll-e Juuk-HS-thotlgh gcUlflg appfOval-for-the-plftll
6 Wll-de-f-he-tlay-ttf-the-e>ffiHt·-ttppftJl:tdled, I felHHore-and-mnr-e-Ilt!fvom
7 I HltlSt-have-my IHtSsporf -bacl;:-by-f leave-the etttttttt)', ,
,
204 4()~ • Ht'vICW advc r llial
Trang 10407 Review of adverbial clauses Finder 237 - 242
Write a sentence of similar meaning usmg the word in brackets
I'd like to go out ,md have a meal (for)
· f':,.l,I!k,e, ~o 30 0l:l-~ {t? r: p ~q.I.-
rhe feather came in and everyone slopped talkmg (when)
2 I wish the team had played the same way they did last week (like)
4 Let's have lunch after our game of mini-golf (we've)
5 Come and see me any lime you like (whenever)
· , ,
· , ,
7 I wall1 evrrythlllg to be ready so that I won't be delayed (avOId)
8 The dock struck, and ImmedIately the door~ opened (soon)
, , ' , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
408 Open and unreal conditions
If you look in the market, you'll find some bargams
q~-: -'r'<?t~ ,:,y.t~ ./(;>ot 10, (/11'-, "00(ke-: t , ,
· ,1;l0":e:C!i.-,l; tfi,d;".'~ ~~,~~",at ~~ I?t-~-~ ~tpP
1 If I lived III the coumry, I'd die of boredom
5 If I could understand complilcrs my life would be a lot simpler
6 If I hear any news, I'll let you know
,., ,
Finder 243A
·107 !levu :: w of ildvellJiaJ dauscs 205
Trang 11409 The use of conditional sentences Find e r 2430
Wnte down the use o f ea ch cond i tion a l sentence Choose fr o m th ese u s es advistng ,
cr i i cizing , offering r e questing, sugge s ting threatenmg warning
If I were In your posi ion, I'd make a formal complaint ,!~ ::i~,~
1 lr you dOIl't o en (he door ,'II break it down ,
2 Ir 1 open II h ule (If wine, would you like some?
3 If yo u ' v e got a m o m e nt, would you mind helping us? .•• • •.•
4 We cuuld go out somewhere tonight if you feel like It , ,
5 Ir you hadn't wasl,,"<i so much lime earher, we wouldn't he in such
a hurry now, would we ,
6 If you're go i n~ oul lhis c\·cning don't WCd T any jewellery or YOli might get
rnugg t'tl
Write sentences from the notes using a Type 0 condi ional
Rewri e these advertisements using a Type 1 conditional
, Choose a Sunhnght hohdayand have a wonderful lime
· If ~!=-~ '! ~~;o?:"j9Q~ ~~~~~~ ~.t:" '!a.v~.~ ~~ ~f'.tI ~ i~
Trang 123 Bead the Daily Dirt and enjoy all the 1:ltcst gOSSlp
110- Simon has a lot of homework Otherwise going out with you would he a good idea
Simon: ;.;: ; ~t.i0r:'~ .'K!-:-,e -.~~ ry.~c.h./~"'~!' (::r.K !-:~ .9t? (Xf f !'J!~h.~Otl
Without a car, gCltlllg to work would be nnposslble for Peter
conditional
IA S I' - MINUTE !.lOOKING
Alan and hjs girlfriend had a big fight c -l Alan hadn't b( ~ hllVed very well, and So he needed to put things right \"Vhal could he tin? (1) He dIdn't wu !!U~ brcak ~ with !~is gjr~friellrJ, so he booked a holiday for the twu of them II was for two weeks in Benklurm, Spain, and he paid for
thc huliday by cheque ( 2 ) When Ihe cheque bounced, he turned to crime In the twenty-four
hours before their departure, he successfully held up three banks (3) The money from the first hold-up wasn't enough, so he carried on He got the money-and paiu illO the travel agency at the
Ihe last passengers t<? board the plane (5) But Alan had made a7sill), mistake whl~h mcalH Ihat he
4 J 2 rype 2 conditionals 207
Trang 13W&lS found oUJ In the tirst h ld·up he had wriltcn his demand for mOllcy Ull the back of an
envelope which tlild hi~ name and address on the front (6) He lti~ the cnvel~ !~~~a.nk and
~o t!~c~~i~c~.¥.!c~ _i!.'~lde.!.ltiry Meanwhile Alan and his glrlfnend were enjoying the
holiday f?) nUl when Ihcl Lc1!!!lled~Ell la.nd, "'~~ arrested al OIiCC 1 '1ter he' went to prison Ills lawyt"r said ,hatIK) he committed Ih,· crimes hccallse the ho l ldt!L~ !! !!~ myo " ant to
·
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 - • • • • • • • • • • • 2 · ' " ' '
3 · , , ,
·
4 • • • • • • -
·
5
6
7 ·
8 ·
414 Review of conditional Types 1-3 ~ Find e r 245-247 Put in the correct form of each verb in britckets II- If I ask Paul nicely, he :1I ' JeI p' (he/help) us I (you/make) yo u ~e lr ill If yuu don't eat properly 2 If the ball (aoSlo) the Line: that would have been the end or the game 3 If (you/dnnk) up all the ornngc Juice that W<l!l in that curtoll, you ough to go oul and gel some Illort! 4 If everyone (work) an eXlm hour a day It would greatly increase P ~ ' lI ~ ii I~ ,'
5 If you're a lucky winner a pme , , (be) on its way to you soon 6 If I'd se n anything suspicious, _ (I/call) the p lice 7 If I slipped qUietly out of the room in a rew minutes' time, no one _ (n tice) ' 8 If
is free 9 If
10 If
_ (you/n l/mmd) wa it ln~ a moment, ,'11 see if the manager
(lldrive), I would hire a'car to drive round the Island _ (1IIet) you know In time, I would have done
208 414· IlcvlCW of l;ondlllonul I'YPC'1 1·J
Trang 14II If someone knocked a candle over, ( n / Mart ) a tire
12 A moisturizer 1<; what you need If you usc on(·,
dry skin
14 Even if there had been an SOS mcs!oagc on the radiu,
( YOli / liut I g c l )
(I/not/lislen) at the lime
Match the two parts of the sentence
-:c -: -.:- ~ - - - - - ~ If you should lose your credit card, he would huve lltlie ll~eful tnformnllon
: 1 If it hadn't been for the rain, I wouldn't have lll1u(!rstood a word
2 If we were to win the contract, pletl:lte-COfltttet-thtl-bfmk-irnmetitflttlly
3 If a spy should be captured the crops would hHve died
4 If anyone had spoken 10 !TIe there would be Illore deaths
5 If the ~pecd limIt were higher we mlKht need more staff
Look at these rule's and examples Which examples go with which rules?
Rulcs
We cun lise un imperative 111 U
conditional sentence
1 This sentence refers to an imaginary
action in tile past
ould you be impressed?
c) If you mil( black and white you get grey d} If I'd hit that stupid idiot, It would have
•
415 • S hQ II/ d, wer f' l /llll , imd Jn VC r S lOn 209