OXFORD LEARNER''''S GRAMMAR - PART 1 pps

OXFORD LEARNER' S GRAMMAR Grammar Builder... Sentence and text Words and phrases Toe simple sentence Sentence types Questions and answers leaVIng out and r~placing words Word order and e

OXFORD LEARNER' S GRAMMAR

Grammar Builder

OXFORD

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TtprUduu lM Jiollowmg txlTat.t:!: WId ~ of ropyrighr m~tma!· 1'169 The SfCA1'O/MtWs by LAitchiwn copynght ~ Ladybird flooks lId 1971 reproduced by pcnniuJon oft dyblrd Books ltd 1'169· ·Midtown Manhattan Foder's Iludgtl1'rawlm AmtI1C<I 0 Random HOlik Inc Although every effon has been made to tra~ and contact ropynghl holders before pllbhcation rhls has not bto~n possible In sonwr,,$f.'S

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Introduction

A The Gramm , ar Build er as part of Oxford Learner's Grammar

a

Oxford l t'arner's Grammar;s a r l!s our c e !Jil ek of r efe r ence and practice m a terial <lcsl~ncd for

intermediate or advanced level students The pa c k consIs t s of the Grammar Finder rcfcrcm ; c book , with its G rammar Checker C D · ROM , and this Cram mar Builder practice book There is "lslI '1Il

oxford l.i!ame, 's Grammar wcbsilc al www oup com / eilloig

Teachers

The Grammar Builder contains ex.ercises on th e grammar point s deal! with in the G mmtnm Fitufer

Y o u ca n use it

• to give students gramm ar practice, whClhcr in dass or for hnmewurk

• (0 (cst your s tudents' knowledge of a parlicular grammar topic

• to encourage s tudellt s 10 ilnpro\ ' c their ability by u s i ng the Gr amma r iJIli/d er in combina t io n wuh

th e Gramma r Finder reference book

b Students

The Gra mmar Bui/der conwins excrcisc~ on th e grammar points deal! with in the Gmm ma r Fiuder You ca n usc it

• to praclise grammar t opics in class or for homcwork as directed hy your teacher

• 10 practi se gramma r on your OWII independcmly of a teacher and 10 monitor your progrC'ss

• in combi nati o n with the Grammar Finder which Will explai n points nf difficulty

B How the Grammar Builder works

AI the head of each exercise you will find n rl!(t!rtmcc to th e s(''C li on in the Grammar FInd e r where

the poi nt Is explained There is also a key at the b;'l ck ofthc G rammar 8uild cr where lI\swers can be

c hecked I!ach answer ha s OJ r eference to OJ specific part of rhe Grammar Finder wll/ch you t: 1n then consli lt if any problems remain The book is thus es pecially s uitable for scif-sllldy w h ether used independently or IOgethcr with th e Grammar Finder ,

There is a w ide vurie t y uf exercise types These include activi ti cs such as sen te nce completion , senlCncc construction, tmn SflJflllDt;On, gup-fi lling, multiple choice, correctIon , ma r C hing, ordcrJllg and grammatica l analys i s You w ill nnd OJ good numher of key-wo rd transformati on exerctses (e.g Exercise 17) , a sig n ificant part of the lise of English paper in the C ambrldge First Certificnte in English exa m ination As well as exercises on individua l points th ere are co ntrastive exercises and review exercises covering the content of a whole chaptcr For example alongs ide exercises on individual verb t enses there arc cJ(crcises co ntrast ing dllTerent ten~cs and others reviewing tCllses

as a who l e

Throughout th e buok the emphasis is UII practice which Invo l vc(j the studeJil n t un l y in produ cmg corrcct English but a l so in thinki n g ahuut the Ill c;ming of SClllences and III increaS ing their aw-drcness of grammatical structure, Must exercises demand a choice of grammmical form rather

than the mechanical produ c on of a si ngle rorm

Good luck

The aim offhe Oxford 1,t.'tUller· s G rammar resource plIl : k I s 10 provide dear at cl!Ssiblc explan:nions and meaningful practice in order tn faci l itate Icamillg, Auth or • md publisher hope very much that reachers and SlUdcnts will benefit from the pack and enjoy ~urking with H

Inc roductioll

Sentence and text Words and phrases Toe simple sentence Sentence types

Questions and answers leaVIng out and r~placing words Word order and emphasis Verb forms

Verb tenses The ruture

Be, have, and do

Modal verbs The passive

Infinitive, gerund and participle

The infinitive The gerund Participles

The noun phrase

Nouns

Agreement

The 8nicJes: alan and lhe

Possessives and demonstratives QuantifierS

Pronouns

Adjectives, adverbS, and prepositIons

Adjectives Adverbials Comparison Prepositions Phrasal verbs and prepositional Idioms

Main clauses and sub-clauses

Sentences with more than one clause

And or, but so, erc

Adverbial clauses Conditional sentences Noun clauses

Indirect speech Relative clauses

1 Word classes Finder 1 Look at the words in bold type and say what word class they be lon g to

DETECfIVf;S

A police Inspector was interviewing two people for the job of dete ctive The fir s l candidOlte wa~ a woman The in s peclOr s howed her a photo of a man with green h,m and a s ked her what was unusual about the man Sh e lo oke d ca refully at the photo and replied ' lie' s o nly gOt onc car '

This was not what the inspector had been hoping to h ear 'We can only see one ear because the picture is In profile ,' he pOinted nUl rather cross l y

The !.econd ca ndidate was a man The Inspector asked him the same questI on The man said 'He's wCllring contact lenses.' The Inspector wa s very s urprised 'You're right ,' he said 'J happ e n

10 know that he realt y is wcanng conlaCllcnscs That 's very clever of you.' 'It's quite simple,' sa Id

the man 'He must have poor eyesight wnh only one eye And he can 't wear glasses be ca us e he 's

on l y got one ear.'

Say if the word is a verb, a noun, or an adject ive

The offi ce r s will police the festival

joke = The man is a c riminal known to the police

criminal =

The security man m ade m e empty my pock c l s

empty c=:: • • ~' ' • •

1 • Word das'i p ~

3 Phrases Finder 3

Find the relevant phrase

The t rain leaves in fifteen mmutes

6 My boss said that I had to finish (his report by Thursday

pr eposi tion a l phrase: , ,

7 Some strange things hav e been happemng latel y

Identify the clause eleme nt In bold type

Ii" We played tennis

2 T h e meeting was yesterday

3 My back is aching

4 Tht! weather is looking better

5 You know the answer

6 Everyone found the Joke terribly amusing

7 I'm on a diet

S I poured my drink down the sink

9 It was getting dark

10 Our exams a r e next week

II You s hould go the doctor

1 2 Rick gave us a lift

1 3 The sta t ue stands in front of t he palace ,

14 The boss appointed his son Marketing Manager

5 Basic clause structure Finder 4 look at the table and write sentences starting d ( olumn A You must decide I f the

sentence ends at A or if you need to continue with column B If the sentence IS stilt not complete you should then use column C

I ' ll send some new flats fit

These c hocolates are In Tokyo 8ft e ",ail

The sun was shining the driver

My luggage is (he team

Give the Information in a structure with an object and a complement

II> The theory Is wrong you know Someone ha s proved that

The viewer.> voted And in their opinion 'Coronation Street ' Is the best SO<lP opera

.~~ v ~~':""7 ~,? ~ e;~ , ~~~,~ str~~~: ~~ ~7 ~ ~A '?~ r:-c: We've painted the walls They ' re bnght yellow now

2 This coffee is very lHrong But that's the way I like my coffee

3 The members elected Alice She's pre s ident now

4 I was t red after the long journey (USC the verb mnke )

5 What's the name of their cat? O h I know It ' s 'Biscui t' ( Use the verb call )

6 The rood Will stay coo l with the ice~pac s (Usc th e verb keep )

5 • l3a ~ l C dau l>e s tru C lUre 3

7 Adverbials Finder 5E

Read this story and then write down the adverblals There are two adverbials i n each

sentence

STOI' TI tIt - !'!

This incident actually happened a few years a.go One Saturday morning in a small Engli s h town ,

a mall cnlcn -d a shoe shop For a rew minUies he carefully in s pected some cowboy boots Then

They soon caught the thief b~cnuse he was moving 100 slowly He couldn ' t run very fast In two

right·foot b o ots

2

3

4

5

6

7

· , ,

· , ,

·

· , ,

8 Give, send, buy, etc

· _

·

·

Finder 6A-B Write the words in the correct order to form a statement the b a ll I the man ' threw f to the woman The -lQ.n t/Yew the ball to the ~'l her friends ' her holid~ snaps' Karen I sh o w e d ~."'~.~.~ ": ~ i~~~.k: ,,: ??,~~aj ~ ~~: 1 is gomg to cook I me I a meal I my boyfriend

2 his nephews and nieces I promised I a trip to the zoo I Uncle Robert 3 gave I the job I they ' to a young man from Glasgow 4 some ~~d~i~h~ 'I'r~; hi~ ~~is i ~'ade ,,-Patrick · • •

5 the guide I handed I a list of hotels I me 6 ihe' ~o ' ~pa'ny '/ th~ ;~f~~~l;O~ ' / ~~ii~ ' i ~s , ,

7 a car I ~re' goi~g' I~' buy ' / he ' r " Lu~y'~ pa~e~ts' , '

8 h~~e ' S:C~t i ~ ' ~l~g~'" the p~~t~(~~ "'I~ ' the P~i~~ 'Mj~lisicr '

4 7 A d eL b l a l s

9 To or for? "'" Finder 6C Complete the d i alogue Put in co or for

I ' ve g t a message here for one of our vis itors but 1 don 't know where he IS at the

m O l11ent 1 can' t fax i t (II") t c? • hmt becau se h e i sn ' t in hi s office And there ' s no

point in posting it (I) hi s home address

We ' ve got his addre ss s omewhere I ca n lintJ it (2 ) you if yo u like

HUI it's urgent I ollght 10 giv e I t (3) him toda y Well why don ' t you lake it ( 4) his hotel ? He's s taying al the International You

c an IClive it there ( 5 ) him Th ey' ll pa ss it on (6) him when he gets back tht:rc this evening

OK Where i s tht~ Intcrnatiun n l ?

Near the s tation There's a stree t plan in m y office I'lt ju s t gel il {7 J y uu

Well, mayhe I ' ll take a tax i

10 Which structure with give, send, etc? Finder 6C-E

I'm deprt!~scd I need cheering up Why don 't you tell ~? p: e r ( a joke I me)

I've given some clmhes away I gave t.u ~ ~ ~.s ~': ~~.(a~ ( two coalS I Oxfam )

•

You work really long hours I think Ihey should pay

· _ _ (morc money I you )

2 Have you heard about Mrs Newman ' s wIlI1 She left

_ ( all her money Inn animal hospital)

3 I hale choosing lottery numbers Vou can choose mine And pi c k

_ (six numbers Imy Iiltle siSler)

4 The chicken I cooked wasn ' t very ni ce, I'm afraid I co uldn 'l c al It, so I fed

· _ (most of it !the dog )

5 C hristopher is always very kind 10 me Do you knuw, la s t week he lent

· _ (Uhy pounds I me)

6 The company treal 1heir s taff very well They've o ffered

· (a free holiday I all their employees )

!I 7'0 o r f o , ? 5

11 Describe, explain, etc Finder 6F

b ) Caroline described the daclar her sy mptoms

c) l o we Marlin s ome money

d ) The artisl's famil y ha ve damned the National Gallery lhe picture

c) I was 1:ll c but my friends had saved me a seat

h ) The judges awarded Em il y the first pri7.e

hollday.-Oh, I had a great time

mauer? Look at the t i m e

We' r e loing to be late

on l y FlYe minutes from h e re

S We ' re ofT to the disco now- Well

enjoy yourselves

6 Ha ve you got enough money1- No

I ' ll just get it for you

11 • DCJSClliJe , r!XokWI 'lIe

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