It may b exp cted that controlge r complyin with this stan ard, when as ociated with lamps whic comply with IEC 61 6 f or low f req en y s uare wave o eration, wi provide satisf actory s
General 1 2
Control gear must successfully start lamps at supply voltages ranging from 92% to 106% of their rated value Compliance is verified through tests outlined in sections 7.2 to 7.4, ensuring the control gear operates effectively at these specified voltage levels.
1 06 % of the maximum value of the range.
Breakdown 1 2
The breakdown is the phase where the non-conducting gas is ignited and becomes conducting plasma This process needs a high voltage for a minimum time
Measurement is conducted using an oscilloscope, ensuring that the controlgear is tested without the connection of a lamp Additionally, capacitance, which simulates the parasitic capacitance of the wires to earth, must be incorporated as specified by the manufacturer of the controlgear.
NOTE 1 Controlgear manufacturers can also define multiple capacitance values
The ignition peak voltage must match the specifications outlined in the relevant lamp data sheet For the measuring procedure, refer to IEC 61167, specifically Table G.1, which details the breakdown section.
NOTE 2 Values given in I EC 61 1 67 are for pulse ignition, values for high frequency ignition are under consideration.
Take-over 1 3
In the take-over phase the electrodes are heated towards thermionic emission
The take-over is measured with resistors, unless stated otherwise
During the take-over, the controlgear must deliver power and current in accordance with the ballast design specifications outlined in IEC 61 1 67 The minimum open circuit voltage (OCV), measured at a load of ≥1 MΩ, should align with the values specified in Table 2.
Lamp type Square wave or
Ceramic and quartz arc tubes 280 V 235 V 332 V
These values are valid for metal halide lamps of 20 W, 35 W, 70 W and 1 50 W, for other lamps OCV values are given on relevant lamp data sheets
The maximum duration for non-low frequency square wave current is 10 seconds, unless the control gear can detect the end of the takeover phase.
Open circuit voltage is measured according to the measuring method as described in Annex F.
Run-up 1 3
Run-up current 1 3
The run-up current must fall within the specified values on the lamp data sheet, measured from the initial resistance at run-up to a calculated resistance where the lamp voltage meets the lower voltage limit outlined in Annex G of IEC 61 167.
Average peak current ratio (APCR) 1 3
The requirements of Annex G of IEC 61 1 67 apply
The APCR is calculated by analyzing the current waveform in a lamp substitution circuit that operates within a voltage range of 20 V to 75 V This circuit utilizes an adjustable ohmic resistor to regulate the lamp voltage as needed To find the maximum PCR value within this voltage range, a smoothing window of 20 ms is applied Over a duration of 1 second, the PCR values for all positive half periods are averaged, and similarly, the PCR values for all negative half periods are averaged during the same time frame.
The APCR then is the maximum absolute value of both averaged PCR values calculated above
The peak current ratio (PCR) is the ratio of peak current to rms current, as illustrated in Figure 1 The peak current is calculated using the average value over a 20 ms window, where any values below the rms current within this window are adjusted to match the rms current By sliding the window across the waveform, the maximum value identified becomes the peak current.
NOTE This averaging method will smooth out incidental peaks effectively
Figure 1 – Measurement of APCR during run-up and steady state
D.C current 1 4
During the run-up, the direct current (d.c.) must remain below 20% of the root mean square (rms) value This measurement is taken across a resistance where the lamp voltage is between 20 V and the lower limit specified in Annex G of IEC 61167 The d.c current component is determined using the appropriate equation.
General 1 4
The tests outlined in this clause will utilize either a variable non-inductive resistor or a lamp Specifically, tests 8.2, 8.4, 8.5, and 8.6 will be conducted using a resistor, while tests 8.7, 8.8, and 8.10 will employ a lamp Additionally, test 8.3 can be performed with either a lamp or a resistor.
Power control 1 4
The lamp power shall be controlled by the controlgear within 5 % of the rated lamp power
The compliance test will be done at rated supply voltage and at a temperature of 25 °C (±5 °C)
The output power is measured with a resistive load achieving voltages between 75 V and
1 20 V with steps of 5 V At each step, sufficient stabilization time is given before the measurement
If the lamp exceeds the 1 20 V, the power shall be regulated according the limits given in the relevant data sheet for extended operation
NOTE For possible future lamp designs with a different voltage range, the limits of 75 V and 1 20 V can be replaced with lower limit and upper limit.
Frequency range of low frequency square wave 1 5
The frequency of the low frequency square wave voltage shall be in steady state between
D.C current 1 5
The d.c component of the current must be under 2.5% of the rms value Refer to section 7.4.3 for an example of calculating the d.c value For measurement, utilize a lamp substitution resistor, ensuring that the voltage across the resistor matches the typical lamp voltage.
Average lamp potential against earth (for quartz arc bulbs only) 1 5
For lamps with a quartz arc tube, the average lamp potential against earth shall not exceed
The test setup, illustrated in Figure 2, involves a 200 V positive voltage measurement with an integration time of 0.5 seconds For accurate results, a lamp substitution resistor is utilized, ensuring that the voltage across the resistor reflects the typical lamp voltage.
The average lamp potential against earth:
Figure 2 – Test set-up for measuring the lamp potential against earth
Average peak current ratio 1 5
The peak current ratio is determined according to the way described in 7.4.2, in this case the resistors will realize a lamp voltage of 75 V to 1 20 V The APCR shall be lower than 1 ,5
NOTE For possible future lamp designs with a different voltage range, the limits of 75 V and 1 20 V can be replaced with “lower limit” and “upper limit”.
Commutation time 1 5
The commutation time must be less than the limit specified in IEC 61167, Annex G, for steady state operation It is measured according to the methods illustrated in Figure 3 For square waves, the measurement is taken between the 90% levels, while for deviating waveforms, the time between the 70% levels can be utilized.
Nominal lamp voltage (resistive load possible)
I rms is the rms value of the current and is used as reference for the percentage
Figure 3 – Commutation time, deviating waveform
HF ripple 1 6
The HF ripple is expressed in SPR (spectral power ratio) and the SPR shall be below 1 ,5 The method of determining the SPR is described in Annex E
NOTE The limitation of the HF ripple serves as the limitation of acoustic resonance and flicker.
Control interfaces 1 6
Requirements are specified in Annex D of this standard and for digital addressable lighting interface in IEC 62386 series The manufacturer’s specification shall also be followed
There are presently also other non-standardized interfaces which can lead to problems of interchangeability between interfaces These have to be tested according to the manufacturer’s specifications
The associated lamp must remain lit when the power supply voltage to the control gear drops to 90% of its rated value Compliance with this requirement is verified through a specific testing method.
Requirements for the equipment are:
• the power supply shall be able to perform the voltage fluctuation test according to IEC 61 000-4-1 4;
• the lamp used for this test shall have a lamp voltage in the range of the typical value up to typical value plus 1 0 V;
• the supply voltage is set at the rated input voltage
The test procedure is as follows
• Continue operating the lamp until the controlgear and lamp reach steady state
• Dip the supply voltage from 1 00 % to 90 % of rated voltage at 0° ± 1 0° of voltage phase
• Hold 90 % more than 1 0 s to observe any extinction
• Return the supply voltage to 1 00 %
• Maintain this level for 1 min
Compliance: lamp shall not extinguish during the 3 cycles of this test
For a.c supplied electronic controlgear, the displacement factor must not fall below the marked value minus 0.05 when operated with one or more reference lamps at the rated voltage and frequency This calculation considers the measured power factor and total harmonic distortion.
For controllable controlgear, the displacement factor is measured or calculated at full power
NOTE In Japan, displacement factor will not be used, there power factor will be used, where the power factor is power divided by the product of voltage and current
At rated voltage, the supply current must remain within ±10% of the value indicated on the control gear or specified in the manufacturer's documentation when operated with reference lamps.
The controlgear must be used with suitable lamps at the specified supply voltage, ensuring all earth connections are properly grounded When dealing with electronic controlgear that supports a range of supply voltages, it is essential to choose the voltage that has the most significant negative impact on the temperature of the device.
Tests are done in sequence with the same controlgears
Dimmable controlgear is tested at 1 00 % power
If a thermal protection of the controlgear would operate and reduce power below 1 00 %, this thermal protection shall be disabled for the test The modification shall not influence other controlgear features
1 1 2 Temperature cycling at − 20 °C and at +80 °C
The temperature cycle test is as follows a) Test samples: 5 b) Temperature range of the test:
The maximum test temperature is set at +80 °C ± 2°C, with the ambient temperature in the chamber measured within 200 mm of the test samples Additionally, the input current of the control gear will be measured after a stabilization period.
Before conducting the temperature cycle test, ensure the temperature is set to 25 °C ± 5 °C Connect the controlgear to the mains and the lamp(s) at this temperature with maximum load, then position the controlgear inside a temperature test chamber while keeping the lamp(s) outside Maintain a minimum distance of 5 cm between the electronic controlgears The testing routine consists of 220 cycles.
To ensure accurate testing, connect the control gear to the mains and the lamp(s) at a temperature of 25 °C ± 10 °C under maximum load, then position the control gear in a temperature test chamber while keeping the lamp(s) outside The spacing between the electronic control gears should be determined by the airflow speed to maintain a uniform temperature around all devices under test (DUTs).
To conduct the temperature transition in the test chamber, first ensure the control gear is in the off position Begin by lowering the temperature to the minimum test level, adhering to specific conditions: for the initial 10% of the temperature transition, there are no requirements for the rate of temperature change; for the subsequent 80%, maintain a rate of change between 10 K/min and 15 K/min; and for the final 10%, ensure that any overshoot or undershoot does not exceed ±5 °C from the target ambient temperature Additionally, the total transition time must not exceed the specified limit.
Figure 4 – Example of the cycling described under 1 1 2; Clause E.2
3) At the minimum temperature level, start after 50 min at –20 °C 1 0 switching cycles
To conduct the temperature test, first ensure the control gear is in the "on" position Gradually raise the temperature in the test chamber to the maximum test temperature under specific conditions: for the initial 10% of the temperature transition, there are no requirements for the rate of temperature change; for the subsequent 80%, maintain a rate of change between 10 K/min and 15 K/min; and for the final 10%, ensure that any overshoot or undershoot does not exceed ±5 °C from the target ambient temperature Additionally, the total transition time must not exceed the specified limit.
6) At the maximum temperature level switch off the controlgear after 50 min and start 1 0 switching cycles (1 0 s on / 50 s off)
7) Repeat 21 9 times, steps 2 to 6 f) Measurement of the input current of the controlgear at 25 °C ± 5 °C
Compliance: After performing this test and after cooling down to room temperature, all controlgear shall correctly start and operate an appropriate lamp(s) for 1 5 min According to
−20 °C ± 5 °C step f), the input current shall be measured The maximum allowed tolerance of the input current is ±1 0 % compared with the measured input current value under step c)
During this test the lamp(s) are placed outside the test enclosure at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C
NOTE 1 In Japan, the test chamber with 1 K/min to 1 5 K/min is applied
NOTE 2 Paralleled lamps (for example 5 lamps) can be used if the cycle does not lead to the ignition of the lamp(s)
The controlgears shall be operated at an ambient temperature which produces t c +1 0 K, until a test period of 200 h has elapsed
After conducting the compliance test, the controlgear must be disconnected from the mains and allowed to cool to room temperature Subsequently, all controlgear should successfully start and operate the appropriate lamp(s) for 15 minutes During this test, the lamp(s) are positioned outside the test enclosure at an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C If the ballast includes protection devices, they must be reset prior to the compliance test.
Key Sq square wave supply
R reference ballast (resistor) lg ignitor
Figure 5 – Low frequency square wave reference circuit
General requirements
Tests are type tests One sample shall be submitted to all tests
Tests shall be made in a draught-free room and at an ambient temperature within the range
20 °C to 27 °C For those tests which require constant lamp performance, the ambient temperature around the lamp shall be within the range 20 °C to 30 °C
Controlgear testing should be conducted at its rated voltage, along with the reference ballast operating at its specified voltage and frequency If the controlgear is designated for a range of rated supply voltages or different separate rated supply voltages, any of these voltages can be selected as the rated voltage for testing purposes.
A.1 3.2 Stability of supply and frequency
For accurate testing, the supply voltage and, when applicable, the frequency of the reference control gears must be kept within ±0.5% During measurements, the voltage should be fine-tuned to within ±0.2% of the specified testing value.
The total harmonic distortion of the supply voltage must remain below 3% Harmonic content is calculated as the root-mean-square (rms) summation of individual components, with the fundamental frequency set at 100%.
Unless otherwise specified, no magnetic object shall be allowed within 25 mm of the face of the reference ballast gear or the controlgear under test
A.1 5 Mounting and connection of reference lamps
To maintain consistent electrical characteristics of reference lamps, they must be installed according to the specifications outlined in the corresponding lamp data sheet In cases where the data sheet lacks mounting instructions, lamps should be installed based on their intended application.
It is recommended that lamps are allowed to remain permanently undisturbed in their test lamp holders
Before doing measurements with the reference lamp it shall be ensured that the reference lamp is stable
To ensure accurate measurements, a lamp must reach a stable operational state This stability is confirmed when three consecutive measurements of the lamp's electrical characteristics—voltage (V), current (I), and wattage (W)—fall within ±2.5% of the previous value over a duration of 5 minutes.
– The characteristics of a lamp shall be checked immediately before and immediately after each series of tests in accordance with Annex C
The reference ballast used shall be that indicated on the relevant lamp data sheet
Potential circuits of instruments connected across the lamp shall not pass more than 3 % of the rated lamp current
Instruments connected in series with the lamp shall have sufficiently low impedance such that the voltage drop shall not exceed 2 % of the objective lamp voltage
Instruments must be free from waveform distortion errors and suitable for the operating frequencies It is crucial to ensure that the earth capacitance of the instruments does not interfere with the unit under test Additionally, the measuring point of the circuit should be at earth potential, but this should only be implemented if the mains is floating.
Marking
The reference ballast shall be provided with durable legible marking as follows:
– the words “reference ballast” or “low frequency square wave reference ballast” as applicable, in full;
– identification of the responsible vendor;
– rated lamp wattage and calibration current;
– rated supply voltage and frequency.
Design characteristics
Reference ballast for frequencies of 70 Hz to 400 Hz
The requirements for a reference low frequency square wave ballast can be found in Table E.1 of IEC 61 1 67 This ballast is used for the operating characteristics of Clause B.3
The low frequency square wave reference ballast is designed to serve as a permanent baseline, making it crucial for the ballast to maintain consistent impedance under typical usage conditions.
For this purpose it may be provided with suitable means of restoring the reference resistance
A low frequency square wave reference ballast shall be enclosed in a case for mechanical and electrical protection Care should however be taken for proper conduction of the dissipated wattage losses.
Protection
The controlgear must be safeguarded against magnetic interference, ideally using a robust steel casing, ensuring that the voltage-to-current ratio at the calibration current does not vary by more than 0.2% when a 12.5 mm thick mild steel plate is positioned 25 mm away from any side of the controlgear enclosure.
Moreover, the controlgear shall be protected against mechanical damage.
Operating characteristics for low frequency square wave
General
The following specifications apply to measurements made at rated input voltage and rated frequency of the low frequency square wave reference ballast and with a room temperature of
25 °C ± 5 °C and with stabilized temperature of the reference ballast.
Impedance
The impedance of a low-frequency square wave reference ballast must align with the values specified in the relevant lamp data sheets according to IEC 61167, with tolerances of ±0.5% at the calibration current value.
Series inductance and parallel capacitance
The series inductance of a reference resistor shall be less than 0,1 mH and its parallel capacitance shall be less than 1 nF.
Circuit for frequencies of low frequency square wave (see Figure 5)
Power supply
The low frequency square wave voltage supply for testing or adjusting the low frequency square wave reference ballast must ensure that the commutation time is less than 200 microseconds at full load.
This supply shall be as steady and free from sudden changes as possible For best results the voltage should be regulated to within ±0,2 %
For resistor type reference ballasts, the frequency shall be within ±2 %.
Instruments
All instruments used in low frequency square wave reference ballast measurements should be suitable for high frequency operation
Wiring
Connecting cables should be as short and straight as possible to avoid parasitic capacitance The parasitic capacitance parallel to the lamp shall be less than 1 nF
Annex C (normative) Conditions for reference lamps
A lamp is classified as a reference lamp if it has been aged for at least 100 hours and, when paired with a reference ballast under the conditions specified in Annex A, operates at an ambient temperature of (25 ± 5) °C without the lamp voltage deviating more than 5% from the typical value outlined in IEC 61167.
A reference lamp of a type suitable for the controlgear under test shall always be used
The waveform of the current passed by a stabilized reference lamp associated with reference ballast shall show substantially the same waveform in successive half-cycles
NOTE This limits the possible generation of even harmonics by any rectifying effect
Annex D (normative) Control interface for controllable controlgear
Overview
This annex outlines the control interface for controllable controlgear, detailing how the arc power is regulated The electronic controlgear adjusts its power between minimum/off and maximum levels based on the control signal received at its terminals.
If the control signal is not connected, the controlgear shall give the maximum value of output power or the system failure level, if applicable
This annex does not cover any requirements for the control unit.
Control by d.c voltage
Circuit diagram – Functional specification for d.c voltage control (see
Figure D.1 – Schematic representation of the interface for 1 V to 1 0 V
The arc power of a controllable controlgear is controlled by the d.c voltage on the control input of the controllable controlgear The d.c voltage has the following characteristics
V 1 ,2 = between 1 0 V and 1 1 V: maximum value of arc power;
V 1 ,2 = between 0 V and 1 V: minimum value of arc power/minimum light output;
V 1 ,2 = between 1 V and 1 0 V: arc power rising from minimum to maximum value;
V 1 ,2 = between 0 V and 1 1 V: stable lamp operation with stable light output.
Connection diagram
Depending on current-carrying capacity, several controllable controlgear can be connected to one control device, as shown in Figure D.2
Figure D.2 – Control device for multiple controlgear, for 1 V to 1 0 V
Electrical specifications
The controllable controlgear is current sourcing (see Figure D.3)
Figure D.3 – Control device is a current source
The controlgear must remain undamaged when the control input voltage \$V_{1,2}\$ is within the range of -20 V to +20 V Additionally, it should not generate voltages that surpass the specified limits for the control unit, ensuring that these values are never exceeded.
The control terminals shall be reverse polarity protected In that case, the controlgear shall operate with minimum light output or shall not operate
At control input voltages between 0 V and 1 1 V, there shall be stable light output
This shall be tested by visual inspection
Limits for the control input current, to be supplied to the control unit, are 1 0 àA minimum and
The value of the control input current shall be declared or stated on the controlgear
Switch-on is allowed at any dimming position.
Control by pulse width modulation (PWM)
Circuit diagram – Functional specification for PWM control (see Figure D.4)
Figure D.4 – Schematic representation of the interface for PWM dimming
The arc power of a controllable controlgear is regulated by the PWM signal applied to its control input By adjusting the duration that the PWM signal remains at the V signal level, the arc power can be modified The characteristics of the PWM signal are illustrated in Figure D.5.
Figure D.5 – Some typically PWM signals
The voltage of the signal is between V signal(low) and V signal(high), where
T period (cycle time) is 1 ms minimum and 1 0 ms maximum
Full light output when signal width T (high) is 0 % to 5 % ± 1 %
1 % or minimum light output when signal width T (high) is 95 % ± 1 %
Switch-off when signal width T (high) is >95 %
Minimum light output PWM signals for maximum and minimum light output
This part of the signal is reserved for switch-off However, if a controlgear does not possess this feature its output should remain at minimum
No switch-off when signal width T (high) is