Iec 60633 2015

This stan ard is a pl ca le to HVDC s bstation with l ne commutated con erters, most commonly b sed on thre -phase brid e double way con ection se fig re 2 in whic u idirectional electro

Terminology for high- volt age direct cur ent (HV DC) t ransmission

Terminologie pour le t ransport d'énergie en courant cont inu à haut e t ension

THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED

Copyr ight © 2 15 IEC, Ge e a, Switzer la d

Al rig ts r es r ve Unle s oth rwis s e ifi d, n p rt of this p blc tio ma b r epr od c d or uti z d in a y form

or b a y me n , ele tr onic or me h nic l in lu in p oto o yin a d micr ofim, with ut p rmis io in wr itin from

eith r IEC or IEC's memb r Natio al Commite in th c u tr y of th re u ste If y u h v a y q e tio s a o t IEC

c p r i ht or h v a e q ir y a o t o tainin a ditio al ri hts to this p blc tio , ple s c nta t th a dr es b low or

y ur lo al IEC memb r Natio al Commite for ur th r informatio

Dr oits d r eprod ctio ré er vé Sa f in ic tio c ntraire, a c n p r tie d c te p blc tio n p ut être repr od ite

ni uti s e s u q elq e forme q e c s it et p r a c n pro é é, éle troniq e o mé a iq e, y c mp s la p oto o ie

et le micr ofilms, s n la c rd é rit d l EC o d Comité n tio al d l EC d p y d d ma d ur Si v u a e d s

q e tio s s r le c p r i ht d l EC o si v u d sir ez o te ir d s droits s p léme tair es s r c te p blc tio , uti s z

le c ord n é s ci-a r ès o c nta te le Comité n tio al d l EC d v tr ep y d résid n e

Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is th le din glo al org niz tio th t pr ep res a d p bls e

Internatio al Sta d r ds for al ele tri al ele tr onic a d r elate te h olo ie

Abo t IEC p blc tio s

Th te h ic l c nte t of IEC p blc tio s is k pt u d r c n ta t r eview b th IEC Ple s ma e s re th t y u h v th

late t e itio ,a c rr ig n a or a ame dme t mig t h v b e p bls e

IEC Cat alo ue - webst ore.e ch/ cat alo ue

Th st an -alo e a plc t io for c n ult in t he e tire

biblo ra hic l informat io o IEC Intern tio al Sta d rd ,

Te h ic l Sp cific tio s, Te h ic l R ep rts a d oth r

d c me ts A v aia le for P , Ma OS, A ndroid Ta let s a d

iPa

IEC p blc t i ns s arch - www ie ch/ se rch u

Th a v an e s arc e a le t o fin IEC p blc t io s b a

variety of crit eria (efere c n mb r, t ext, t ec nic l

c mmitt e,…) It als gives informatio o projec t s, re la e

a d wit hdrawn p blc tio s

IEC Just P blshed - webst ore.e ch/ just pu lshed

St ay u to d te o al n w IEC p blc t io s Ju t Pu ls e

d t ais al n w p blc t io s rele s d A v aia le o ln a d

als o c a mo t h b emai

Ele t ro edia - www ele t ro edia.org

Th world's le din o ln dic t io ary of elec t ro ic a d

ele t ric l t erms c nt ainin more th n 3 0 0 terms a d

d finitio s in En ls a d Fre c , wit h e uiv ale t t erms in 15

a ditio al la g a e Als k nown a t he Int ern t io al

Elec t rot ec nic l Vo a ulary (IEV ) o ln

IEC Glos ar y - st d.e ch/ glos ary

More t ha 6 0 0 ele t rot ec nic l termin lo y e t rie in

En ls a d Fre c e tra t ed fom t he Terms a d Definitio s

c la s of IEC p blc t io s is u d sin e 2 0 Some e t rie

h v e b e c le t ed fom e rler p blc tio s of IEC TC 3 ,

7 ,8 a d CISPR

IEC Cust omer Servic Cent re - webst ore.ec ch/ csc

If y ou wis to giv e u your fe d a k o t his p blc tio or

n e furt her a sista c , ple s c nta t t he Cu tomer Serv ic

Ce t re:c c@ie c

A pro os de l'IEC

L Commis io Ele trote h iq e Inter natio ale (IEC) e t la premièr e orga is tio mo diale q i éla or e et p ble d s

Norme internatio ale p ur to t c q i a trait à léle tri ité,à léle tr oniq e et a x te h olo ie a p r enté s

A pro os de p blc t i ns IEC

L c nte u te h iq e d s p blc tio s IEC e t c n tamme t rev Ve i e v u a s r er q e v u p s é e lé itio la

plu r éc nte, u c r rig n um o ame d me t p ut a oir été p blé

Cat alo ue IEC - webst ore.e ch/ cat alo ue

Applc t io a t on me p ur c n ult er t ou le re s ig eme t s

biblo ra hiq e s r le Norme intern t io ale ,

Sp cific t io s t ec niq e , R ap ort s te h iq e et a tre

d c me ts d l EC Dis o ible p ur P , Ma OS, t ablett es

A ndroid et iPa

Recherche de p blc t i ns IEC - w ww ie ch/ se rch u

L re h rc e avan é p rmet d t ro ver d s p blc tio s IEC

e uti s nt difére t s crit ère (n méro d référe c , t exte,

c mit é d’ét ud s,…) Ele d n e a s i d s informatio s s r le

projets et le p blc t io s remplac ée o retiré s

IEC Just P blshed - webst ore.e ch/ just pu lshed

R este informé s r le n uvele p blc t io s IEC Ju t

Pu ls e d tai e le n uv ele p blc t io s p ru s

Dis o ible e lg e et a s i u e fois p r mois p r emai

Ele t ro edia - www.ele t ro edia.org

L premier dic t io n ire e lg e d terme éle t ro iq e et

éle triq e I c ntie t plu d 3 0 0 terme et d finit io s e

a glais et e fa ç is, ain i q e le terme é uiv ale t s d n

15 la g e a ditio n le Eg leme t a p lé Vo a ulaire

Elec trote h iq e Int ern t io al (IEV) e lg e

Glos aire IEC - st d.e c h/ glos ar y

Plu d 6 0 0 e t ré s t ermin lo iq e élec t rot ec niq e , e

a glais et e fa ç is, e traite d s art icle Terme et

Définit io s d s p blc tio s IEC p ru s d p is 2 0 Plu

c rt ain s e tré s a térie re e t rait es d s p blc tio s d s

CE 3 , 7 , 8 et CISPR d l EC

Serv ic Clent s - w ebst ore.e c h/ cs

Si vou d sire n u d n er d s c mme taire s r c tt e

p blc t io o si v ou av ez d s q e t io s c nt ac t ez-n u :

Terminology for high- volt age direct cur ent (HV DC) t ransmission

Terminologie pour le t ransport d'énergie en courant cont inu à haut e t ension

(CCHT)

INT ERNAT IONAL

ELECT ROT ECHNICAL

COMMIS ION

ELECT ROT ECHNIQUE

INT ERNAT IONALE

®

W arning! Mak e s re t hat y ou o tain d this publc t ion from a a thorize dist ribut or

Ate t ion! V eui ez vous a s rer qu vou a ez o t en c te publc tion via u distribute r a ré

c olour

inside

IEC 60633

Editio 2.2 2 15-0

Terminology for high- volt age direct cur ent (HV DC) t ransmission

Terminologie pour le t ransport d'énergie en courant cont inu à haut e t ension

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

FOREWORD 6

1 Sco e 8

2 Normative ref eren es 8

3 Symb ls an a breviation 8

3.1 List of leter s mb ls 8

3.2 List of s bs ripts 9

3.3 List of a breviation 9

4 Gra hical s mb ls

9 5 General terms related to con erter circ its 9

5.1 con ersion 10 5.2 con erter con ection 10 5.3 brid e (con erter con ection) 10 5.4 (con erter) arm 10 5.5 by-p s p th 10 5.6 commutation 1

5.7 commutatin group 1

5.8 commutation in u tan e 1

5.9 pulse n mb r p 1

5.10 commutation n mb r q 1

5.1 ca acitor commutated con erter 1

5.12 control ed series ca acitor con erter 1

5.13 commutatin voltage 12

5.14 control ed ca acitor commutated con erter 12

5.15 series ca acitor con erter 12

6 Con erter u its an valves 12

6.1 con erter (u it 12

6.2 (con erter) brid e 12

6.3 valve 12

6.4 main valve 13

6.5 by-p s valve 13

6.6 th ristor mod le 13

6.7 re ctor mod le 13

6.8 valve section 13

6.9 (valve) th ristor level 13

6.10 valve s p ort 13

6.1 valve stru ture 13

6.12 valve interf ace (electronic ) (u it valve b se electronic (VBE) 13

6.13 valve electronic 14

6.14 valve ar ester 14

6.15 con erter u it ar ester 14

6.16 con erter u it d.c bu ar ester 14

6.17 midp int d.c bu ar ester 14

6.18 valve (anode) (cathode) re ctor 14

6.19 con erter tran former 14

6.2 by-p s switc 14

6.21 valve mod le 15

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

6.2 red n ant levels 15

6.2 valve anode terminal 15

6.2 valve cathode terminal 15

7 Con erter o eratin con ition 15

7.1 rectif ier o eration; rectification 15

7.2 in erter o eration; in ersion 15

7.3 forward direction; con u tin direction (of a valve) 15

7.4 reverse direction; non-con u tin direction (of a valve) 15

7.5 forward c r ent 15

7.6 reverse c r ent 15

7.7 forward voltage 15

7.8 reverse voltage 16

7.9 con u tin state; on-state 16

7.10 valve voltage dro 16

7.1 non-con u tin state; bloc in state 16

7.3 eff ective s ort-circ it ratio (ESCR) 18

7.3 trig erin ; gatin 18

8.3 u idirectional HVDC s stem 19

8.4 reversible bidirectional HVDC s stem 19

8.5 (HVDC) (s stem) p le 19

8.6 (HVDC) (s stem) bip le 19

8.7 bip lar (HVDC) s stem 19

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

8.8 (as mmetric) mono olar (HVDC) s stem 2

8.9 HVDC s bstation 2

8.10 (HVDC) s bstation bip le 2

8.1 (HVDC) s bstation p le 2

8.12 HVDC tran mis ion l ne 2

8.13 HVDC tran mis ion l ne p le 2

8.14 e rth electrode 21

8.15 e rth electrode l ne 21

8.16 s mmetrical mono ole 21

8.17 rigid DC c r ent bip lar s stem 21

8.18 s mmetrical mono olar (HVDC) s stem 21

8.19 e rth return 21

8.2 metal c return 21

8.21 series con erter config ration 21

8.2 u itary con ection 21

8.2 isolated generatin s stem 2

8.2 p int of common coupl n 2

8.2 p int of common coupl n – DC side 2

9 HVDC s bstation eq ipment 2

9.1 a.c AC (harmonic) fi ter 2

9.2 d.c (DC) (smo thin ) re ctor 2

9.3 d.c re ctor ar ester 2

9.4 d.c DC harmonic f ilter 2

9.5 d.c dampin circ it 2

9.6 d.c s rge ca acitor 2

9.7 d.c bu ar ester 2

9.8 d.c lne ar ester 2

9.9 HVDC s bstation e rth 2

9.10 (d.c.) neutral bu ca acitor 2

9.1 (d.c.) neutral bu ar ester 2

9.12 metal c return tran f er bre ker (MRTB) 2

9.13 e rth return tran fer bre ker (ERTB) 2

9.14 AC hig f eq en y (HF) fiter 2

9.15 DC hig feq en y (HF) fiter 2

9.16 neutral bu switc (NBS) 2

9.17 neutral bu grou din switc (NBGS) 2

10 Modes of control 2

10.1 control mode 2

10.2 d.c.voltage control mode 2

10.3 c r ent control mode 2

10.4 active p wer control mode 2

10.5 re ctive p wer control mode 2

10.6 feq en y control mode 2

10.7 dampin control mode 2

10.8 AC voltage control mode 2

10.9 islan ed network o eration mode 2

10.10 SSTI dampin control mode 2

1 Control s stems 2

1 1 (HVDC) control s stem 2

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

1 2 HVDC s stem control 2

1 3 (HVDC) master control 2

1 4 (HVDC s stem) bip le control 2

1 5 (HVDC s stem) p le control 2

1 6 (HVDC) s bstation control 2

1 7 con erter u it control 2

1 8 valve control u it (VCU) 2

1 9 integrated AC/DC s stem control 2

12 Control fu ction 2

12.1 eq al delay an le control; in ivid al phase control 2

12.2 eq idistant firin control 2

12.3 α control 2

12.4 minimum α control 2

12.5 γ control 2

12.6 minimum γ control 2

12.7 control order 2

12.8 c r ent margin 2

12.9 voltage de en ent c r ent order l mit (VDCOL) 2

12.10 p le (c r ent b lan in 2

Bibl ogra h 3

Fig re 1 – Gra hical s mb ls 2

Fig re 2 – Brid e con erter con ection 2

Fig re 3 – Example of a con erter u it 2

Fig re 4 – Commutation proces at rectifier an in erter modes of o eration 3

Fig re 5 – Il u tration of commutation in in erter o eration 31

Fig re 6 – Typical valve voltage wavef orms 3

Fig re 7 – Example of an HVDC s bstation 3

Fig re 8 – Example of bip lar two-terminal HVDC tran mis ion s stem 3

Fig re 9 – Example of a multiterminal bip lar HVDC tran mis ion s stem with p ral el con ected HVDC s bstation 3

Fig re 10 – Example of a multiterminal HVDC tran mis ion s stem with series con ected HVDC s bstation 3

Fig re 1 – A simplf ied ste d -state voltage-c r ent c aracteristic of a two-terminal HVDC s stem 3

Fig re 12 – Hierarc ical stru ture of an HVDC control s stem 3

Fig re 13 – Ca acitor commutated con erter con g ration 3

1 Th Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Commis io (IEC) is a worldwid org niz tio f or sta d rdiz tio c mprisin

al n tio al ele trote h ic l c mmite s (IEC Natio al Commite s) Th o je t of IEC is to promote

intern tio al c -o eratio o al q e tio s c n ernin sta d rdiz tio in th ele tric l a d ele tro ic field To

this e d a d in a ditio to oth r a tivitie , IEC p bls e Intern tio al Sta d rd , Te h ic l Sp cific tio s,

Te h ic l Re orts, Pu lcly Av ia le Sp cif i atio s (P S) a d Guid s (h re f ter ref ere to a “IEC

Pu lc tio (s)”) Th ir pre aratio is e tru te to te h ic l c mmite s; a y IEC Natio al Commite intere te

in th s bje t d alt with ma p rticip te in this pre aratory work Intern tio al g v rnme tal a d n

n-g v rnme tal org niz tio s laisin with th IEC als p rticip te in this pre aratio IEC c la orate clo ely

with th Intern tio al Org niz tio f or Sta d rdiz tio (ISO) in a c rd n e with c n itio s d termin d b

a re me t b twe n th two org niz tio s

2) Th formal d cisio s or a re me ts of IEC o te h ic l maters e pre s, a n arly a p s ible, a intern tio al

c n e s s of o inio o th rele a t s bje ts sin e e c te h ic l c mmite h s re re e tatio fom al

intere te IEC Natio al Commite s

3) IEC Pu lc tio s h v th f orm of re omme d tio s f or intern tio al u e a d are a c pte b IEC Natio al

Commite s in th t s n e Whie al re s n ble ef forts are ma e to e s re th t th te h ic l c nte t of IEC

Pu lc tio s is a c rate, IEC c n ot b h ld re p n ible for th wa in whic th y are u e or for a y

misinterpretatio b a y e d u er

4) In ord r to promote intern tio al u if ormity, IEC Natio al Commite s u d rta e to a ply IEC Pu lc tio s

tra s are tly to th ma imum e te t p s ible in th ir n tio al a d re io al p blc tio s An div rg n e

b twe n a y IEC Pu lc tio a d th c re p n in n tio al or re io al p blc tio s al b cle rly in ic te in

th later

5) IEC its lf d e n t pro id a y ate tatio of c nf ormity In e e d nt c rtific tio b die pro id c nf ormity

a s s me t s rvic s a d, in s me are s, a c s to IEC mark of c nf ormity IEC is n t re p n ible f or a y

s rvic s c rie o t b in e e d nt c rtif i atio b die

6) Al u ers s o lde s re th t th y h v th late t e itio of this p blc tio

7) No la i ty s al ata h to IEC or its dire tors, emplo e s, s rv nts or a e ts in lu in in ivid al e p rts a d

memb rs of its te h ic l c mmite s a d IEC Natio al Commite s for a y p rs n l injury, pro erty d ma e or

oth r d ma e of a y n ture wh ts e er, wh th r dire t or in ire t, or for c sts (in lu in le al fe s) a d

e p n e arisin o t of th p blc tio , u e of, or rela c u o , this IEC Pu lc tio or a y oth r IEC

Pu lc tio s

8) Ate tio is drawn to th Normativ ref ere c s cite in this p blc tio Us of th ref ere c d p blc tio s is

in is e s ble f or th c re t a plc tio of this p blc tio

9) Ate tio is drawn to th p s ibi ty th t s me of th eleme ts of this IEC Pu lc tio ma b th s bje t of

p te t rig ts IEC s al n t b h ld re p n ible for id ntifyin a y or al s c p te t rig ts

DISCLA IMER

This Consol d te v rsion is not a of f icial IEC Sta d rd a d ha be n prepare f or

us r con e ie c Only the c r e t v rsion of th sta dard a d its ame dme t s) are

to be considere the of ficial doc me ts

This Con ol date v rsion of IEC 6 6 3 be rs the e ition number 2.2 It consists of the

s con e ition (19 8-12) [doc me ts 2 F/4 /FDIS a d 2 F/5 /RVD], its ame dme t 1

(2 0 -0 ) [doc me ts 2 F/15 /CDV a d 2 F/16 /RVC] a d its ame dme t 2 (2 15-0 )

[doc me ts 2 F/3 0/CDV a d 2 F/3 0A /RVC] The te hnic l conte t is ide tic l to the

ba e e ition a d its ame dme ts

In this Re l ne v rsion, a v rtic l l ne in the margin s ows where the te hnic l conte t is

modif ie by ame dme ts 1 a d 2 A dditions a d d letion are displa e in re , with

deletions being stru k through A s parate Fin l v rsion with al c a g s a c pte is

a ai able in this publ c tion

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

International Stan ard IEC 6 6 3 has b en pre ared by s bcommite 2 F: Power electronic

for electrical tran mis ion an distribution s stems, of IEC tec nical commite 2 : Power

electronic

The commite has decided that the contents of the b se publ cation an its amen ments wi

"htp:/we store.iec.c " in the data related to the sp cif i publ cation At this date, the

IMPORTA NT – The 'colour insid ' logo on the cov r pa e of this publ c tion indic te

that it contain colours whic are con idere to be u ef ul f or the cor e t u dersta ding

of its conte ts Us rs s ould th refore print this doc me t using a colour printer

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

This International Stan ard defines terms for hig -voltage direct c r ent (HVDC) p wer

tran mis ion s stems an f or HVDC s bstation u in electronic p wer con erters f or the

con ersion fom a.c to d.c or vice versa

This stan ard is a pl ca le to HVDC s bstation with l ne commutated con erters, most

commonly b sed on thre -phase brid e (double way) con ection (se fig re 2) in whic

u idirectional electronic valves, e.g semicon u tor valves, are u ed

The f ol owin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively ref eren ed in this doc ment an

are in isp n a le for its a pl cation F r dated ref eren es, only the edition cited a pl es F r

u dated ref eren es, the latest edition of the ref eren ed doc ment (in lu in an amen ments)

a ples

IEC 6 0 7 (al p rts), L ter symb ls to b used in ele tric l te h olog

IEC 6 0 0-5 1:19 8, Intern tio al Ele trote h ic l Vo a u lary – Part 5 5 1: Power ele tro ics

IEC 6 14 -1-1:19 1, Ge eral re uireme ts a d ln c mmutated c n ertors – P art 1-1:

Sp cific tio s of b sic re uireme ts

IEC 6 617-5:19 6, Gra hic l symb ls for dia rams – P art 5: Semic ndu tors a d ele tro

tu es

IEC 6 617-6:19 6, Gra hic l symb ls for dia rams – P art 6: P rodu tio a d c n ersio of

ele tric l e erg

3 Symbols a d abbre iations

The l st covers only the most feq ently u ed s mb ls For a more complete lst of the s mb ls

whic have b en ado ted f or static con erters se IEC 6 0 7 an other stan ard lsted in the

normative ref eren es an the bibl ogra h

N rated value or at rated lo d

d direct c r ent or voltage

L l ne side of con erter tran former

v valve side of con erter tran former

n p rtainin to harmonic comp nent of order n

3.3 List of abbre iations

The f ol owin a breviation are alway in ca ital let ers an without dots

HVDC hig -voltage direct c r ent

MVU multiple valve (u it (se 6.3.2)

SCR s ort-circ it ratio (se 7.3 )

ESCR efective s ort-circ it ratio (se 7.3 )

MTDC multiterminal HVDC tran mis ion s stem (se 8.2.2)

MRTB metal c return tran f er bre ker (se 9.12)

ERTB e rth return tran f er bre ker (se 9.13)

VDCOL voltage de en ent c r ent order lmit (se 12.9)

SSTI s b-s n hronou torsional interaction (se 10.10)

4 Graphic l symbols

Fig re 1 s ows the sp cif i gra hical s mb ls whic are defined only for the purp ses of this

stan ard For a more complete lst of the gra hical s mb ls whic have b en ado ted f or static

con erters, se IEC 6 617-5 an IEC 6 617-6

5 General terms relate to converter circ its

For the purp ses of this stan ard, the f ol owin terms an def i ition a ply

conv rter con e tion

electrical ar an ement of arms an other comp nents neces ary f or the f un tionin of the main

p wer circ it of a con erter

5.3

bridge (conv rter conn ction)

double-way con ection, as i u trated in Fig re 2, comprisin six con erter arms whic are

con ected s c that the centre terminals are the phase terminals of the a.c circ it, an that

the outer terminals of l ke p larity are con ected together an are the d.c terminals

NOT – Th term “brid e” ma b u e to d s rib eith r th circ it c n e tio or th e uipme t impleme tin th t

non-unif orm bridg

brid e with b th control a le an non-controla le con erter arms

5.4

(conv rter) arm

p rt of a o erativ circ it u e for c n ersio whic is c n e te b twe n a a.c termin l a d a d.c termin l

with th a i ty to c n u t c re t in o ly o e dire tio , d fin d a th forward dire tio (s e 7.3)

NOT – Th main f un tio of a c n erter arm is c n ersio ; it ma als p rf orm a ditio al f un tio s s c a

v lta e lmitin , d mpin , etc

p rt of a brid e con ectin two p ints of dif ferent p tentials within a brid e, f or example,

b twe n an AC terminal an a DC terminal

5.4.1

control able conv rter arm

con erter arm in whic the start of forward con u tion may b determined by an external y

a pled sig al

5.4.2

non-control able con erter arm

con erter arm in whic the start of f orward con u tion is determined solely by the voltage

NOT – Th b -p s p th ma eith r c n titute a u idire tio al p th, e.g a b -p s arm (s e 5.5.1 , or a b -p s

p ir (s e 5.5.2), or it ma c n titute a bidire tio al p th, e.g a b -p s switc (s e 6.2 )

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

5.5.1

u idirectionaly con u tin by-p s p th con ected only b twe n d.c terminals, commonly

u ed with merc ry arc valve tec nolog (not s own in fig re 2)

NOT – Commutatio ma o c r b twe n a y two c n erter arms, in lu in th c n e te a.c p a e , b twe n a

c n erter arm a d a b -p s arm, or b twe n a y two p th in th circ it

5.6.1

l n commutation

method of commutation where y the commutatin voltage is s p led by the a.c s stem

5.7

commutating group

group of con erter arms whic commutate c cl cal y an in e en ently f om other con erter

arms, i.e the commutation are normal y not simultane u (se f i ure 2)

NOT – In th c s of a brid e, a c mmutatin gro p is c mp s d of th c n erter arms c n e te to a c mmo

d.c termin l In c rtain c s s, e.g wh n larg c re ts a d/or larg c mmutatio in u ta c s are in olv d, th

c mmutatio in th two c mmutatin gro p b lo gin to th s me brid e n e n t b in e e d nt

5.8

commutation ind cta c

total in u tan e in lu ed in the commutation circ it, in series with the commutatin voltage

5.9

puls number p

c aracteristic of a con erter con ection expres ed as the n mb r of non-simultane u

s mmetrical commutation oc ur in d rin one c cle of the a.c l ne voltage

NOT – Th p ls n mb r of a brid e c n erter c n e tio d fin d in 5.3 is alwa s p = 6

5.10

commutation number q

n mb r of commutation d rin one c cle of the a.c l ne voltage oc ur in in e c commu

tat-in group

NOT – In a brid e c n erter c n e tio , e c c mmutatin gro p h s a c mmutatio n mb r q = 3

5.1

con erter in whic series ca acitors are in lu ed b twe n the con erter tran former an the

valves (se Fig re 13 )

5.12

con erter in whic series ca acitors are in erted b twe n the a.c f ilter bu an the a.c

network (se Fig re 13 )

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

5.13

commutating volta e

voltage whic cau es the c r ent to commutate

[SOURCE: IEC 6 5 0-5 1:19 8, 5 1-16-0 ]

5.14

con erter in whic controled series ca acitors are in lu ed b twe n the con erter tran f ormer

an the valves

5.15

s rie c pa itor con erter

con erter in whic fixed series ca acitors are in erted b twe n the AC f ilter bu an the AC

network

6 Conv rter units a d v lves

6.1

conv rter (u it)

in ivisible o erative u it comprisin al eq ipment b twe n the p int of common coupl n on

the AC side (se 8.2 ) an the p int of common coupl n DC side (se 8.2 ), es ential y one or

more con erter brid es, together with one or more con erter tran formers, con erter u it

control eq ipment, es ential protective an switc in devices an au i aries, if an , u ed for

con ersion (se Fig re 3)

NOT – If a c n erter u it c mpris s two c n erter brid e with a p a e dis la eme t of 3 °, th n th c n erter

u it forms a 12-p ls u it (s e fig re 7) Th term “ 2-p ls gro p” is als u e

6.2

(conv rter) bridg

eq ipment u ed to implement the brid e con erter con ection an the by-p s arm, if u ed

NOT – Th term “brid e” ma b u e to d s rib eith r th circ it c n e tio or th e uipme t impleme tin th t

circ it (s e 5.3)

6.2.1

a od (c thode) v lv commutating group

eq ipment u ed to implement the con erter arms of one commutatin group of a brid e with

intercon ected anode (cathode) terminals

6.3

v lv

complete o erative control a le or non-control a le valve device as embly, normal y con u tin

in only one direction ( he f orward direction), whic can fu ction as a con erter arm in a

con erter brid e

NOT – An e ample of a n n-c ntrola le v lv d vic a s mbly is a s mic n u tor dio e v lv An e ample of a

c ntrola le v lv d vic a s mbly is a th ristor v lv

6.3.1

single v lv (unit)

sin le stru ture comprisin only one valve

6.3.2

multiple v lv (unit) (MVU)

sin le stru ture comprisin more than one valve

NOT – Ex mple of multiple v lv u its are d u le v lv s, q a riv lv s a d o to alv s with two, fo r a d eig t

s rie -c n e te v lv s re p ctiv ly

p rt of a valve comprised of comprisin a mec anical as embly of th ristors with their

immediate au i aries, an re ctors, if u ed but without valve re ctors

Note 1 to e try: Th ristor mo ule ma b eleme ts in th c n tru tio of a v lv , a d/or b interc a g a le for

electrical as embly, comprisin a n mb r of th ristors an other comp nents, whic ex ibits

prorated electrical pro erties of a complete valve

NOT – This term is mainly u e to d f i e a te t o je t f or v lv te tin p rp s s

6.9

(v lv ) thyristor le el

p rt of a valve comprised of comprisin a th ristor, or th ristors con ected in p ralel, together

with their immediate au i aries, an re ctor, if an

6.10

v lv s pp rt

that p rt of the valve whic mec anical y s p orts an electrical y in ulates the active p rt of

the valve f rom e rth whic hou es the valve section

Note 1 to e try: A p rt of a v lv whic is cle rly id ntif i ble in a dis rete form to b a v lv s p ort ma n t e ist

in al d sig s of v lv s

6.1

v lv structure

ph sical stru ture holdin the th ristor levels of a valve whic is in ulated to the a pro riate

voltage a ove e rth p tential

stru tural comp nents of a valve, req ired in order to ph sicaly s p ort the valve mod les

6.12

v lv interf ac (ele tronic ) (unit)

electronic u it whic provides an interf ace b twe n the control eq ipment, at e rth p tential,

an the valve electronic or valve devices

NOT 1 – Valv intera e ele tro ic u its, if u e , are ty ic ly lo ate at e rth p te tial clo e to th v lv (s)

NOT 2 – Th term “v lv b s ele tro ic ” (VB ) h s als b e u e for this u it

v lv ba e ele tronic

VBE

electronic u it, at e rth p tential, providin the electrical to o tical con ersion b twe n the

con erter control s stem an the valves

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

Note 1 to e try: This n tea ple to th Fre c la g a e o ly

6.13

v lv ele tronic

electronic circ its at valve p tential(s) whic p rorm control an protection fu ction for one or

more valve levels

6.14

v lv ar e ter

ar ester con ected acros a valve (se fig re 3)

6.15

conv rter unit ar e ter

ar ester con ected acros the d.c terminals of a con erter u it (se f i ure 3)

6.16

conv rter unit d.c bu ar e ter

ar ester con ected f om the hig -voltage d.c bu of the con erter u it to s bstation e rth (se

NOT – In s me H D s b tatio d sig s, two twelv -p ls c n erter u its are c n e te in s rie In this c s ,

th mid oint d.c b s are ter at th u p r twelv -p ls c n erter u it is n t c n e te to s b tatio e rth b t to

th hig -v lta e d.c b s of th lower twelv -p ls c n erter u it

6.18

v lv (a ode) (c thode) re ctor

re ctor(s) con ected in series with the th ristors in a valve, commonly u ed with merc ry arc

tec nolog f or the purp se of l mitin the rate of rise of c r ent at turn-on an voltage d rin

the of-state

Note 1 to e try: Valv re ctors ma b e tern l to th e tire v lv or distrib te within th v lv

6.19

conv rter tra sf ormer

tran former throu h whic energ is tran mited f om an a.c s stem to one or more con erter

con erter tran former win in s whic are con ected to the a.c terminals of one or more

con erter brid es

6.2

by-pa s switc

mec anical p wer switc in device con ected acros the d.c terminals of one or more

con erter brid es to s u t the brid e(s) d rin the turn-of f proced re of the brid e(s) an to

commutate c r ent to the by-p s arm or a by-p s p ir d rin the turn-on proced re of the

brid e(s) (se f i ure 3)

NOT – A b -p s switc ma als b u e for prolo g d s u tin of th brid e(s)

maximum n mb r of series con ected th ristor levels in a valve that may b s ort-circ ited

externaly or internal y d rin service without aff ectin the safe o eration of the valve as

demon trated by typ tests, an whic if an when ex e ded, would req ire s utdown of the

valve to re lace the f aied levels or ac e tan e of in re sed ris of f ai ures

valve terminal at whic the f orward c r ent flows out of the valve

7 Conv rter operating conditions

7.1

re tif ier o eration; re tif ic tion

mode of o eration of a con erter or an HVDC s bstation when energ is tran f er ed f rom the

a.c side to the d.c side

7.2

inv rter operation; inv rsion

mode of o eration of a con erter or an HVDC s bstation when energ is tran f er ed f rom the

d.c side to the a.c side

7.3

f orward dire tion; con ucting dire tion (of a valve)

direction of c r ent throu h a valve, when c r ent f lows f rom the anode terminal to the cathode

terminal

the direction in whic a valve is ca a le of con u tin lo d c r ent

7.4

re ers dire tion; non-condu tin dire tion (of a valve)

direction of c r ent throu h a valve, when c r ent f lows f rom the cathode terminal to the anode

voltage a pled b twe n the anode an cathode terminals of a valve or an arm when the anode

is p sitive with resp ct to the cathode

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

7.8

voltage a pled b twe n the anode an cathode terminals of a valve or an arm when the anode

is negative with resp ct to the cathode

7.9

cond cting state; on-state

con ition of a valve when the valve ex ibits a low resistan e ( he valve voltage for this

con ition is s own in fig re 6)

7.10

v lv volta e drop

voltage whic , d rin the con u tin state, a p ars acros the valve terminals

7.1

non-con ucting state; bloc ing state

con ition of a valve when the valve ex ibits a hig resistan e (se fig re 6) al th ristors are

turned of

7.1 1

f orward bloc ing state; off -state

non-con u tin state of a control a le valve when f orward voltage is a pl ed b twe n its main

terminals (se fig re 6)

7.1 2

re ers bloc ing state

non-con u tin state of a valve when reverse voltage is a pl ed b twe n its main terminals

(se f i ure 6)

7.12

f irin

esta ls ment of c r ent in the f orward direction in a valve

NOT – Th c ntrol a tio to e ta ls c re t in a in ivid al th ristor is refere to a trig erin or g tin

o eration preventin further con ersion by a con erter by in ibitin valve control pulses

NOT – This a tio ma als in lu e f irin of a v lv , or v lv s, s le te to form a b -p s p th

7.16

conv rter debloc ing

o eration p rmit in the start of con ersion by a con erter by removin bloc in action

7.17

v lv bloc in

o eration preventin further f irin of a control a le valve by in ibitin the valve control pulses

proces of control n the in tant within the c cle at whic forward c r ent con u tion in a

control a le valve b gin

7.2

( rigger) dela a gle α

(f iring) dela a gle α

time, expres ed in electrical an ular me s re, fom the zero cros in of the ide lzed

sin soidal commutatin voltage to the startin in tant of f orward c r ent con u tion (se

fig re 4)

7.21

( rig er) a v n e a gle β

(f iring) a v nc a gle β

time, expres ed in electrical an ular me s re, f rom the startin in tant of forward c r ent

con u tion to the next zero cros in of the ide lzed sin soidal commutatin voltage

The ad an e an le β is related to the delay an le α by β = π – α (se fig re 4)

time, expres ed in electrical an ular me s re, f rom the en of c r ent con u tion to the next

zero cros in of the ide lzed sin soidal commutatin voltage γ de en s on the ad an e an le

β an the overla an le μ an is determined by the relation γ = β – μ (se f i ures 4 an 5)

7.2

hold-off interval

time f om the in tant when the f orward c r ent of a control a le valve has decre sed to zero to

the in tant when the same valve is s bjected to forward voltage (se fig re 5)

NOT – Hold-of f interv l wh n e pre s d in ele tric l a g lar me s re, is c mmo ly refere to a th e tin tio

a gle Howe er, th diff ere c b twe n th c n e ts of e tin tio a gle a d h ld-of f interv l s o ld b n te , a

s own in f i ure 5

7.2 1

critic l hold-of f interv l

minimum hold-of interval f or whic the in erter o eration can b maintained

7.2

cond ction interv l

that p rt of a c cle d rin whic a valve is in the con u tin state (se fig re 6)

7.2

bloc in interv l idle interv l

that p rt of a c cle d rin whic a valve is in the non-con u tin state (se fig re 6)

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

7.2

f orward bloc ing interv l

that p rt of the bloc in interval d rin whic a controla le valve is in the forward bloc in

state (se f i ure 6)

7.2

re ers bloc ing interv l

that p rt of the bloc in interval d rin whic a valve is in the reverse bloc in state (se

commutation fai ure

f ai ure to commutate the forward c r ent f om the con u tin con erter arm to the s c e din

con erter arm

7.3

s ort circ it ratio (SCR)

ratio of the a.c network s ort-circ it level (in MVA) at 1 p.u voltage at the p int of con ection

to the HVDC s bstation a.c bu , to the rated d.c p wer of the HVDC s bstation (in MW)

NOT – Th pre e t d f i itio of SCR dif fers fom th d finitio giv n in IEC 6 14 - -

7.3

ef fe tiv s ort circ it ratio (ESCR)

ratio of the a.c network s ort-circ it level (in MVA) at 1 p.u voltage at the p int of con ection

to the HVDC s bstation a.c bu , red ced by the re ctive p wer of the s u t ca acitor b n s

an a.c fiters con ected to this p int (in Mvar), to the rated d.c p wer of the HVDC s bstation

con ition in whic the HVDC s bstation is energized an the con erters are o eratin at

non ero active or re ctive p wer output at the p int of common coupl n (PCC) to the AC

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

8.1

electrical p wer s stem whic tran f ers energ in the form of hig -voltage direct c r ent

b twe n two or more a.c bu es

8.2

HVDC s stem whic tran fers energ b twe n two or more ge gra hic location

8.2.1

two- erminal HVDC tra smis ion s stem

HVDC tran mis ion s stem con istin of two HVDC tran mis ion s bstation an the

con ectin HVDC tran mis ion l ne(s) (se fig re 8)

8.2.2

multiterminal HVDC tra smis ion s stem (MTDC)

HVDC tran mis ion s stem con istin of more than two se arated HVDC s bstation an the

intercon ectin HVDC tran mis ion lnes (se f i ures 9 an 10)

HVDC s stem f or the tran f er of energ in only one direction

Note 1 to e try: Mo t H D s stems are in ere tly bidire tio al Howe er, s me s stems ma b o timiz d to

tra smit p wer in o ly o e prefere dire tio Su h s stems ma sti b c n id re a “bidire tio al”

8.4

re ersible bidire tion l HVDC s stem

HVDC s stem f or the tran f er of energ in either direction

Note 1 to e try: A multitermin l H D s stem is re ersible bidire tio al if o e or more s b tatio s are re ersible

bidire tio al

8.5

(HVDC) (s stem) pole

p rt of an HVDC s stem con istin of al the eq ipment in the HVDC s bstation an the

intercon ectin tran mis ion l nes, if an , whic d rin normal o eration ex ibit a common

direct voltage p larity with resp ct to e rth (se f i ure 8)

8.6

(HVDC) (s stem) bip le

p rt of an HVDC s stem con istin of two in e en ently o era le HVDC s stem p les, whic

d rin normal o eration, ex ibit o p site direct voltage p larities with resp ct to e rth

8.7

bip lar (HVDC) s stem

HVDC s stem with two p les of o p site p larity with resp ct to e rth (se fig re 8)

NOT – Th o erh a ln s, if a y, of th twop le ma b c rie o c mmo or s p rate towers

bip lar metal c return (HVDC) s stem

bip lar s stem in whic the return c r ent p th b twe n neutrals of the HVDC s stem is

mono olar s stem in whic the return c r ent p th b twe n neutrals of the HVDC s bstation

is throu h the e rth

8.8.2

mono olar metal ic return (HVDC) s stem

mono olar s stem in whic the return c r ent p th b twe n neutrals of the HVDC s bstation

is throu h a metal c circ it

8.9

HVDC s bstation

HVDC conv rter station

p rt of an HVDC s stem whic con ists of one or more con erter u its in tal ed in a sin le

location together with buidin s, re ctors, f ilters, re ctive p wer s p ly, control, monitorin ,

protective, me s rin an au i ary eq ipment (se fig re 7)

NOT – An H D s b tatio f ormin p rt of a H D tra smis io s stem ma b ref ere to a a HV C

tra smis io s b tatio

8.9.1

(HVDC) tapping s bstation

HVDC s bstation, mainly u ed f or in ersion, with a ratin whic is a smal f raction of that of the

rectif ier(s) in the s stem

p rt of an HVDC tran mis ion s stem con istin of a s stem of overhe d l nes an /or ca les

The HVDC tran mis ion l nes are terminated in HVDC s bstation (se f i ure 8)

8.13

HVDC tra smis ion l ne pole

p rt of an HVDC tran mis ion l ne whic b lon s to the same HVDC s stem p le

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

8.14

e rth ele trode

ar ay of con u tin elements placed in the e rth, or the se , whic provides a low resistan e

p th b twe n a p int in the d.c circ it an the e rth an is ca a le of car yin contin ou

c r ent for some exten ed p riod (se fig re 7)

NOT 1 – An e rth ele tro e ma b lo ate at a p int s me dista c fom th H D s b tatio

NOT 2 – Wh re th ele tro e is pla e in th s a it ma b terme a s a ele tro e

p rt of an HVDC s stem con istin of al the eq ipment in the HVDC s bstation an the

intercon ectin tran mis ion l nes, if an , whic d rin normal o eration ex ibits eq al an

o p site direct voltage p larities with resp ct to e rth but without series con ection of

con erters in e c con erter station

Note 1 to e try: Th term “s mmetric l mo o ole” is u e e e th u h th re are two p laritie with D v lta e ,

b c u e with o ly o e c n erter it is n t p s ible to pro id th re u d n y whic is n rmaly a s ciate with th

term “bip le”

8.17

rigid DC c r e t bip lar s stem

bip lar HVDC s stem without neutral con ection b twe n b th con erter station

Note 1 to e try: Sin e o ly two (p le) c n u tors e ist, n u b la c c re t b twe n b th p le is p s ible In

c s of interu tio of p wer tra sf er of o e c n erter p le, th c re t of th oth r p le h s als to b interu te

(at le st f or a lmite time to alow re o f i uratio of th D circ it)

o eration mode in whic the return c r ent p th b twe n neutrals of the HVDC s bstation is

throu h a dedicated con u tor

Note 1 to e try: Th metal c return c n u tor ma b eith r a d dic te n utral c n u tor or a oth r hig v lta e

c n u tor

8.21

s rie conv rter conf iguration

con erter config ration whic con ists of two or more con erters con ected in series on DC

side an located in the same s bstation an con ected to the same AC an DC tran mis ion

8.2

unitary conn ction

HVDC s stem where only one generator is directly con ected to an HVDC s stem throu h a

sp cific con erter an without an other AC comp nent ex e t f or an as ig ed ste -up

tran f ormer

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

8.2

HVDC s stem in whic several generators are directly con ected to one HVDC con erter

throu h one or more sp cif i al y as ig ed ste -up tran formers but without an other AC

network con ection

8.2

point of common coupl ng

PCC

p int of intercon ection of the HVDC con erter station to the adjacent AC s stem

Note 1 to e try: This n te a ple to th Fre c la g a e o ly

8.2

point of common coupl ng – DC sid

p int of intercon ection of the HVDC con erter station to the DC tran mis ion lne

Note 1 to e try: This n te a ple to th Fre c la g a e o ly

9 HVDC substation equipment

9.1

a.c A C (harmonic) f ilter

fi ter desig ed to red ce the harmonic voltage at the a.c AC bu an the flow of harmonic

c r ent into the as ociated a.c AC s stem an to prevent ampl fication of b c grou d

harmonic on the AC s stem (se Fig re 7)

9.2

d.c (DC) (smo thing) re ctor

re ctor con ected in series with a con erter u it or con erter u its on the d.c side for the

primary purp se of smo thin the direct c r ent an red cin c r ent tran ients (se fig re 7)

9.3

d.c re ctor ar e ter

ar ester con ected b twe n the terminals of a d.c re ctor (se fig re 7)

9.4

d.c DC harmonic fi ter

f ilter whic , in conju ction with the d.c re ctor(s) an with the d.c s rge ca acitor(s), if an ,

serves the primary f un tion of red cin (c r ent or voltage) rip le on the HVDC tran mis ion

l ne an /or e rth electrode lne (se f i ure 7)

9.5

d.c dampin circ it

combination of circ it elements whic serve to red ce voltage tran ients an /or c an e

resonan e con ition on the d.c l ne (se f i ure 7)

9.6

d.c s rg c pa itor

ca acitor ar ay con ected b twe n the d.c lne an the s bstation e rth (directly or in irectly)

to serve the primary fu ction of red cin the ampl tu e an ste pnes of l g tnin s rges

a pled to the s bstation eq ipment (se f i ure 7)

9.7

d.c bu ar e ter

ar ester con ected b twe n the d.c bu (at a p int b twe n the d.c re ctor an the d.c l ne

dis on ector) an the s bstation e rth (se f i ure 7)

ar ay of con u tin elements whic provides a low imp dan e p th f rom the e rthed p rts of

the eq ipment in the HVDC s bstation to e rth an whic is ca a le of car yin hig s rge

c r ents of momentary d ration (se fig re 7)

metal ic return tra sfer bre k r (MRTB)

switc in device u ed to tran f er d.c c r ent fom an e rth return p th to a metal c return p th

(se f i ure 7)

9.13

e rth return tra sfer bre k r (ERTB)

e rth return tra sf er switc (ERTS)

switc in device u ed to tran f er d.c c r ent fom a metal c return p th to an e rth return p th

(se f i ure 7)

NOT – In s me a plc tio s, this f un tio is p rorme b a b -p s switc (s e f i ure3)

9.14

A C hig f re ue c (HF) f ilter

f ilter on the AC side of a con erter, desig ed to prevent con erter generated hig f eq en y

(HF) harmonic f rom p netratin into the AC s stem

9.15

DC high f re u nc (HF) f ilter

f ilter on the DC side of a con erter, desig ed to prevent con erter generated hig f eq en y

(HF) harmonic f rom p netratin into the DC s stem

Note 1 to e try: D hig fe u n y f ilters ma b lo ate at th hig -v lta e or low-v lta e (n utral) termin ls of

ne tral bus grounding switc (NBGS)

switc in device u ed to tran f er DC c r ent f rom a fault on the neutral bu or neutral

con u tor into station grou d

Note 1 to e try: This n te a ple to th Fre c la g a e o ly

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

10 Modes of control

10.1

control mode

man er in whic a con erter u it, p le, or HVDC s bstation is control ed in order to maintain

one or more electrical q antities at desired values

Note 1 to e try: Th d sire v lu s ma c a g with time or a a fu ctio of me s re q a titie a d d fin d

prioritie

10.2

d.c volta e control mod

control of the a.c or d.c side DC voltages in an HVDC s stem s bstation

10.3

c r e t control mode

control of the d.c c r ent in an HVDC s stem

10.4

control of the active p wer f low in ex han ed b twe n an HVDC s stem s bstation an the

10.5

re ctiv power control mode

control of the re ctive p wer ex han ed b twe n a con erter u it, or HVDC s bstation an the

con ected a.c network

10.6

f re u nc control mode

control of the f req en y of one or more the con ected a.c AC network by varyin the

network

10.7

damping control mode

s p lementary control mode providin the dampin of electromec anical os i ation s c as

network in ta i ty or s b-s n hronou os i ation (SSO) p wer os i ation in one or more

con ected a.c AC network

SSTI d mping control mode

s p lementary control mode providin the dampin of critical feq en ies of an (electrical)

ne rby generator

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

1 1

(HVDC) control s stem

f un tion of, or the eq ipment u ed for, control n , monitorin or protection of main plant

eq ipment, s c as circ it bre kers, valves, con erter tran formers an their ta c an ers,

f ormin p rt of an HVDC s stem

NOT – An e ample i u tratin a ty ic l H D c ntrol s stem hierarc y is s own in fig re 12

1 2

HVDC s stem control

control s stem whic govern the o eration of an entire HVDC s stem con istin of more than

one HVDC s bstation an p rorms those f un tion of control n , monitorin an protection

whic req ire inf ormation f rom more than one s bstation (se fig re 12)

1 2.1

multiterminal control

HVDC s stem control f or more than two HVDC s bstation

1 3

(HVDC) ma ter control

general con e t for control co rdination of an HVDC s stem

NOT – Th H D ma ter c ntrol ma b impleme te at th bip le a d/or p le le el

1 4

(HVDC s stem) bipole control

control s stem of a bip le (se fig re 12)

1 5

(HVDC s stem) p le control

control s stem of a p le (se f i ure 12)

NOT – Wh n th H D s stem h s n bip le(s) b t o e or more p le , th p le c ntrol interf ac s with th HV C

s stem c ntrol

1 6

control s stem u ed for the control n , monitorin an protection within an HVDC s bstation

NOT – H D s b tatio c ntrol ma b impleme te at th bip le a d/or p le le el a d ma b ref ere to a

lo al c ntrol

1 6.1

(HVDC) s bstation bipole control

control s stem of a s bstation bip le (se fig re 12)

1 6.2

(HVDC) s bstation pole control

control s stem of a s bstation p le (se f i ure 12)

1 7

conv rter unit control

control s stem u ed f or the control n , monitorin an protection of a sin le con erter u it

(se f i ure 12)

1 7.1

conv rter unit s que c control

p rt of the con erter u it control whic co-ordinates the o eration of the con erter u it f irin

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

seq en e of action d rin an c an e in the o eratin con ition of the as ociated con erter

u it

1 7.2

conv rter unit f irin control

p rt of the con erter u it control f or timin the inten ed firin of the valves

1 7.3

conv rter unit tap c a ger control

p rt of the con erter u it control for control n the con erter tran f ormer ta c an ers

1 7.4

conv rter unit monitorin

p rt of the con erter u it control whic monitors electrical, mec anical an thermal q antities

1 7.5

conv rter unit prote tion

p rt of the con erter u it control whic initiates action to protect comp nents of the as ociated

con erter u it again t damage d e to a normal electrical, mec anical or thermal con ition

1 8

v lv control u it

VCU

control s stem f or the f irin , monitorin , an protection of a valve

electronic u it, at e rth p tential, providin the control an protection fu ction for in ivid al

valves

Note 1 to e try: VB a d V U fu ctio s c uld b c mbin d in o e u it

Note 2 to e try: This n te a ple to th Fre c la g a e o ly

1 8.1

v lv (control) f iring

p rt of the valve control whic initiates valve f irin

1 8.2

v lv (control) monitoring

p rt of the valve control whic monitors valve statu

1 8.3

v lv (control) prote tion

p rt of the valve control whic protects the valve by initiatin , or disa ln valve f irin

1 9

control s stem whic govern the integrated o eration of AC an HVDC s stems of a p wer

Note 1 to e try: This c ntrol s stem is u d r th re p n ibi ty of th s stem o erator

12 Control f unctions

12.1

e ual d la a gle control individu l pha e control

method of control n se arately the valve control pulses f or e c valve by timin f om the zero

cros in s of the commutation voltages

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

12.2

e uidista t f iring control

method of control n the valve control pulses where y, in ste d state, the delay b twe n a

control pulse an the previou control pulse is eq al f or al valves, ir esp ctive of u b lan e or

distortion in the commutatin voltages

12.3

α control

control of the delay an le b twe n a minimum an maximum, determined by the desig , to

implement a control mode

control of the extin tion an le b twe n a minimum an maximum, determined by the desig , to

implement a control mode at an in erter

12.6

minimum γ control

control of the extin tion an le to prevent it f rom decre sin b low a set minimum value

12.7

control ord r

ref eren e value of a desired control ed q antity, in a control mode

12.7.1

(d.c.) c r e t (control) order

ref eren e value of the c r ent to the d.c c r ent reg lator (se fig re 1 )

12.7.2

(d.c.) volta e (control) order

ref eren e value of the voltage to a voltage reg lator (se f i ure 1 )

volta e depe de t c r e t order l mit (VDCOL)

l mitation of the c r ent order as a fu ction of the d.c voltage

12.10

pole (c r e t) bala cing

control action to b lan e the c r ents in the two p les of a bip le s stem, in order to l mit the

ampl tu e of the dif ferential c r ent that f lows b twe n the neutrals of the HVDC s stem

5.7 Commutatin gro p

Fig re 2 – Brid e con erter con e tion

6.14

6.19

6.16

6.156.2

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

7.1

7.2t

7.2 γ7.2 μ

Key

u

vVolta e a ro s o tg in v lv

t Time

7.21 Ad a c a gle β

7.2 Ov rla a gleμ

7.2 Extin tio a gle γ

7.2 Hold-of f interv l

Fig re 5 – I u tration of commutation in in erter o eration

7.1 1 Forward blo kin state

7.1 2 Re ers blo kin state

7.2 Co d ctio interv l

7.2 Blo kin interv l

7.2 Forward blo kin interv l

7.2 Re ers blo kin interv l

Fig re 6 – Ty pic l v lv volta e wa eforms

+AMD2:2 15 CSV © IEC 2 15

IE 1 68 0/9A

B8.13

9.139.8

9.79.6

9.5

9.49.29.3

9.99.10

9.12 Metal c return tra sfer bre k r (MRT )

9.13 Earth return tra sfer bre k r (ERT )

Fig re 7 – Ex mple of a HVDC s bstation

8.14 Earth ele tro e

Fig re 8 – Ex mple of bip lar two- ermin l HV C tra smis ion sy stem

IEC 1 62/9 8

A8.9

Fig re 9 – Ex mple of a multitermin l bip lar HVDC tra smis ion sy stem

with paral el con e te HV C s bstation

Fig re 10 – Ex mple of a multitermin l HV C tra smis ion sy stem

with s rie con e te HVDC s bstation

12.7.1 (a) Cure t ord r (e tif i r

12.7.1 (b) Cure t ord r (in erter

12.7.2 Volta e ord r (e tif i r

12.8 Cure t margin

Fig re 1 – A simpl fie ste dy -state volta e-c r e t c ara teristic

of a two- ermin l HV C sy stem