Iec 60940 2015

IEC 60940 Edition 2 0 201 5 03 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Guidance information on the application of capacitors, resistors, inductors and complete fi lter units for electromagnetic in[.]

Guidance informat ion on t he appl cat ion of capacit ors, resist ors, induct ors and

complet e fi t er unit s for elect romagnet ic int er erence suppression

Guide d'emploi des condensat eurs, résistances, induct ances et fi t res complet s

d'ant iparasit age

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Guidance informat ion on t he appl cat ion of capacit ors, resist ors, induct ors and

complet e fi t er unit s for elect romagnet ic int er erence suppression

Guide d'emploi de c ndensat eurs, résistances, induct ances et fi t res complet s

d'ant iparasit age

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At te tion! V eui ez vou a s rer q e vou a ez o te u c t te publc t ion via u distribute r a ré

FOREWORD 3

1 Sco e 5

2 Normative referen es 5

3 Electromag etic an Radio f req en y inter eren e s p res ion (EMI/RFI) 5

3.1 General 5

3.2 Limits of inter eren e 6

4 Clas ification of s p res ion comp nents 6

4.1 Sup res ion comp nents 6

4.2 Ca acitors 8

4.3 In u tors 8

4.4 Fi ters 8

5 Choice of ratin s f or sp cific a pl cation 8

5.1 Voltage 8

5.2 Cur ent 9

5.3 En ironmental clas if i ation (cl matic category) 9

5.4 In ertion los 9

6 Con ection of s p res ion comp nents 9

7 Safety asp cts 10 7.1 Clas X an Y ca acitors 1

0 7.2 L akage c r ent 1

7.3 Mou tin of radio intereren e s p res ion comp nents in eq ipment an a pl an es 1

7.4 Electrical s oc hazard protection testin 1

Biblogra h 12 Fig re 1 – Example u e of s p res ion comp nents in EMI fi ter 7

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

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International Stan ard IEC 6 9 0 has b en pre ared by IEC tec nical commite 4 :

Ca acitors an resistors f or electronic eq ipment

This secon edition can els an re laces the first edition publ s ed in 19 8 This secon

edition is a res lt of maintenan e activities related to the previou edition Al c an es that

have b en agre d up n can b categorized as minor revision

The text of this stan ard is based on the f ol owin doc ments:

Ful inf ormation on the votin f or the a proval of this stan ard can b foun in the re ort on

votin in icated in the a ove ta le

The commit e has decided that the contents of this publ cation wi remain u c an ed u ti

the sta i ty date in icated on the IEC we site u der "ht p:/we store.iec.c " in the data

related to the sp cific publ cation At this date, the publ cation wi b

• recon rmed,

• with rawn,

• re laced by a revised edition, or

GUIDA NCE INFORMATION ON THE APPLICA TION OF CA PACITORS,

This international stan ard provides g idan e a plca le to information on a pl cation of

ca acitors, resistors, in u tors, an complete f ilter u its for electromag etic intereren e

s p res ion

The f ol owin doc ments, in whole or in p rt, are normatively referen ed in this doc ment an

are in isp n a le f or its a pl cation For dated ref eren es, only the edition cited a ples For

u dated referen es, the latest edition of the referen ed doc ment (in lu in any

amen ments) a pl es

IEC 6 3 5-1, Ho se old a d simil ar el ectric l a pl ian es – Safety – Part 1: Ge eral

re uireme ts

IEC 6 3 4-14, Fix d c p citors for use in el ectro ic e uipme t – Part 14: Se t ion l

sp cific t io – F ix d c p citors for ele troma n tic interere c su pres ion a d c n e t io

to t he su ply mains

3 Ele tromagnetic and Radio f requency interf ere ce suppression (EMI/RFI)

Electromag etic interf eren e, EMI is an electromag etic emis ion or an electric or

electronic disturb n e whic cau es an u desira le resp n e, malf un tionin or degradation

in the p rf orman e of electrical eq ipment

Radio f eq en y inter eren e, RFI is an electrical energ with content within the feq en y

ran e dedicated to radio f req en y tran mis ion

Con u ted RFI is most of ten fou d in the low f req en y ran e f om 15 kHz to 3 MHz

Radiated RFI is most often fou d in the f eq en y ran e f rom 30 MHz to 10 GHz

EMI or RFI pro agate throu h con u tion over sig al an p wer l nes an throu h radiation in

f re sp ce

Electrical mac ines an a p ratu may generate electromag etic intereren es (EMI) whic

are f ed b c into p wer s p ly main These electromag etic inter eren es may b pic ed up

by a p ratu con ected to or placed close to the same p wer s stem up to a certain distan e

f rom the mac ine or a p ratu

The radio-req en y voltages may b generated both b twe n con u tors (phases) of the

p wer s stem (s mmetrical interf eren e) an also b twe n con u tors (phases) an e rth

(as mmetrical interf eren e) These voltages can cau e electromag etic radiation f rom the

p wer l nes

Radio inter eren e can b s p res ed by providin a low imp dan e p th f or radio f req en y

c r ents close to the place where the radio f eq en y voltages are generated This may b

combined with a hig imp dan e element whic prevents the radio f req en y c r ents f rom

p netratin into the p wer s p ly s stem, but has no a precia le eff ect on the flow of p wer

c r ent

3.2 Limits of interfere c

In variou cou tries, man atory l mits are set to the radio-req en y in a given f req en y

range emanatin f om electrical mac ines an a p ratu

A s rvey of these l mits is given in relevant EMC-stan ard s c as CISPR 1

Some electrical a p ratus req ire for their o eration a p wer s p ly voltage f re f om radi

o-intereren e to a gre ter extent than that g arante d by the req irements mentioned a ove In

these cases, simi ar me s res s ould b taken at a place in the p wer s p ly s stem close to

the place where the a p ratu is con ected When the a p ratu is s ielded (or placed in a

s ielded ro m), intereren e s p res ion wi general y b a pl ed at e c p int where the

p wer s p ly s stem enters the s ielded en los re

4 Classif ication of suppression components

4.1 Suppre sion comp ne ts

An example of u e of s p res ion comp nents in EMI f ilter is s own in Fig re 1

a) Sin le p a e EMI f ilter

b) T re p a e thre wire EMI f ilter

c) T re p a e f our wire EMI f ilter

4.2 Capa itors

Radio interf eren e s p res ion cap citors may b divided into the fol owin groups:

a) Two-terminal ca acitors, whic can b con ected to the mac ine, a p ratu or s p ly

s stem to provide for either s mmetrical or as mmetrical inter eren e s p res ion

b) Combination of ca acitors (either combination of se arate ca acitors or multi-section

ca acitor the section of whic may be con ected in a certain man er), whic can b

con ected to the mac ine, a p ratu or s p ly s stem to provide for b th s mmetrical an

as mmetrical inter eren e s p res ion

c) L ad-throu h ca acitors (as mmetrical or s mmetrical) or combination there f, in whic

one or more sets of termination are intercon ected by me n of a con u tor inten ed to

car y the p wer s p ly c r ent These ca acitors are esp cial y s ited to provide

interf eren e s p res ion at the place where the s p ly s stem phases throu h a s ielded

hou in

d) Resistor ca acitor combination con isting of a ca acitor with the ca acitor uti zin the

resistan e of the ca acitor electrodes RC combination are of ten u ed for the

s p res ion of switc in s rges

4.3 In uctors

Radio interf eren e s p res ion in u tors may b divided into the fol owin groups:

a) Simple coi s either with an air core or wou d on a mag etic core The UHF c oke is an

example of this typ of in u tor

b) Coi s wou d on a closed mag etic core These in u tors may have two or more coi s

wou d on the same core, whic is of ten of fer ite material The win in s are of ten

ar an ed so that there is no res ltant mag etization in u ed in the core d e to the p wer

c r ent, when the in u tor is k own as c r ent-comp n ated

c) In u tan e, at hig f req en ies, may b o tained for s p res ion purp ses by thre din

fer ite b ad on to le d wires

d) Some core materials, esp cial y fer ite materials, can b desig ed to introd ce fairly hig

resistive los es at VHF an UHF, ad in to the s p res ion o tained by the in u tan e of

the coi

4.4 Fi ters

Radio inter eren e f ilters are con trued f rom in u tors an ca acitors, sometimes with the

ad ition of resistors, varistors, etc Two diff erent typ s may b distin uis ed:

a) Fi ters con tru ted f om a proved comp nents either as an u protected as embly or with

a simple protective casin The a proval testin of these fi ters can b simplfied sin e it is

not neces ary to re e t the tests alre d car ied out on the comp nents

b) Fi ters con tru ted f rom comp nents whic are not a proved, or whic are con tru ted

f rom ca acitive, in u tive or resistive elements al contained in hou in For s c fi ters it

is neces ary to car y out a f ul ran e of q alfication a proval tests

5 Choice of ratings f or specif ic appl c tions

5.1 Volta e

When selectin comp nents for con ection to a.c main , con ideration s al b given to

p s ible main voltage flu tuation When o eration u der hig pulse con ition is req ired

f or ca acitors con ected acros the main , then clas X1 ca acitors s ould b u ed (se

IEC 6 3 4-14)

For d.c comp nents the rated voltage s al b the maximum whic the comp nent wi

en ou ter, u les there is a sp cial test for b haviour u der tran ient con ition

5.2 Cur e t

The rated c r ent is the maximum whic the comp nent can car y at a temp rature up to the

rated temp rature L wer c r ents can b car ied at hig er temp rature up to the up er

category temp rature Hig er c r ents may b car ied if the comp nent is fited to a he t sin

as sp cified by the man f acturer The man facturer may sp cify b th a sti air rated c r ent

an hig er rated c r ent when the comp nent is u ed with a sp cified he t sin

5.3 Environme tal cla sific tion (cl matic c te ory)

This is comprised of thre fig res, e.g (2 /0 5/21) This in icates that the lower category

temp rature is – 5 °C, the up er category temp rature + 5 °C an the d ration of the damp

he t, ste d state test is 21 day

When the s p res ion comp nent is mou ted an workin in the eq ipment the case

temp rature s ould not b outside the category temp rature ran e u der an con ition of

o eration

The selection of the h midity clas ification de en s on the en ironment in whic the

eq ipment is exp cted to work 21 day is feq ently c osen for domestic a plan es, f or

example

5.4 In ertion los

The p rf orman e of a comp nent or a fi ter is normal y des rib d by its in ertion los

me s red over a ran e of feq en ies when terminated by fixed re l imp dan es In practice

the fi ter is con ected b twe n the main s p ly an the source of the intereren e, b th of

whic have complex imp dan es whic vary with f requen y As a con eq en e in ertion los

c rves can only b u ed as an in ication of s p res ion p r orman e, whic can b

determined decisively only by con ectin the f ilter to the a p ratu an then me s rin the

remainin inter eren e

The me s rement of in ertion los is u ef ul to c ec sta i ty af ter en ironmental an

en uran e tests, an to comp re fi ters of diff erent con tru tion, but sin e the eff ectivenes of

a given s p res or may b determined without in ertion los me s rements the man facturer

may not declare in ertion los f i ures

Where in ertion los fig res are declared, it is imp rtant that it s ould b caref ul y stated

whether the test circ it is as mmetric or s mmetric, what test method is u ed, what the values

of the terminatin imp dan es are an whether the comp nent is car yin an p wer c r ent

d rin me s rements

NOT Meth d of Me s reme t of Su pre sio Ch ra teristic are d s rib d in CISPR 17

6 Connection of suppression components

Symmetrical interf eren e s p res ion is ef fected by con ectin a ca acitor b twe n phases

of p wer s p ly (b twe n phase an neutral f or sin le-phase p wer s p ly)

As mmetrical inter eren e s p res ion on mac ines or a p ratu is u ual y ef fected by

con ectin a ca acitor f rom e c phase (or phase an neutral) to e rthed metal c p rts or

the f rame, metal c hou in etc where this is not e rthed

The s p res ion wi often b more ef fective if the electrical p rts of the ap aratu are

completely in the metal s ieldin , as mmetrical interf eren e s p res ion is u ual y eff ected

by con ectin a ca acitor f rom e c phase (or phase an neutral) to the s ieldin

Durin o eration, the ca acitors are s bjected to the s p ly main voltage with a

s p rimp sed radio interf eren e voltage In man cases, the extra lo d cau ed by the radi

o-f req en y voltage is not imp rtant, but in other cases an a precia le radio-req en y c r ent

throu h the ca acitor may oc ur or hig voltage p ak may be present This mu t b taken

into ac ou t when c o sin the ca acitor an a c ec s ould b made with the ca acitor

u der its workin con ition to make s re that its ratin s are not ex e ded

The presen e of in u tan e in the s p ly circ its in series with the cap citor may cau e the

voltage at p wer f eq enc a pl ed to the ca acitor to ex e d the s p ly voltage

For in u tors u in f er omag etic cores, it is imp rtant to b aware of the p s ible los of

s p res ion cau ed by saturation of the core cau in decre se of in u tan e This saturation

may b cau ed by p ak of lo d c r ent or intereren e c r ent, or contin ou ex es ive lo d

c r ent Unb lan e of win in in c r ent-comp n ated in u tors wi also contribute to the

ef fect

The eff ectivenes of inter eren e s p res ion is a fu ction of s p res ion comp nent

con tru tion, mou tin of the comp nent in the mac ine or a p ratu , the radio-f requen y

voltage sp ctrum generated by the mac ine or a p ratu an of c aracteristic of the

external circ it

Due to the complexity of the pro lem it is not p s ible to estimate with s ff i ient ac urac

f rom the radio-f req en y c aracteristic of a comp nent how eff ective it wi b u der variou

con ition

On the other han , comp nents for u e u der simiar con ition can b comp red on the

b sis of their radio-req en y c aracteristic For this purp se the resonan e f eq en y

me s red u der given con ition an the radio-req en y resistive at resonan e may b of

u e For these re son it is not req ired that the radio-req en y c aracteristic b marked on

the comp nents nor has it b en atempted to stan ardize certain values for these

c aracteristic

7.1 Cla s X a d Y c pa itors

Radio interf eren e s p res ion ca acitors are divided into X- an Y- ca acitors

X-ca acitors are inten ed to b con ected acros the l ne

Y-ca acitors are al owed to b con ected b twe n l ne an e rth f or main voltages up to

the fiter with tan s the voltage pro f as req ired in IEC 6 9 9 series In case of Y1-ca acitor

s bstitution, the X-ca acitors s al b X1-ca acitors

In DC-Fi ters with a rated voltage of 15 V d.c or les , a Y2- an Y4-ca acitor may b

s bstituted by X-ca acitor with a rated voltage 2 0 V d.c or hig er

In the case of fai ure by s ort circ it of a clas X-ca acitor con ected b twe n phases (or

b twe n phase an neutral) no pro lem arises sin e the a p ratu wi b dis on ected by

me n of the normal s ort-circ it protection of the main s p ly F r s c ca acitors a

voltage pro f test level a pro riate for general purp se ca acitors is s f ficient Su h

ca acitors are s bdivided into clas X1 an clas X2 ac ordin to their a i ty to han le

levels of p ak pulse voltage (se IEC 6 3 4-14) However in the case of fai ure by s ort

circ it of a clas Y-ca acitor con ected b twe n phase an an ac es ible metal p rt of the

a p ratu , the later can b come al ve with a dan erou voltage From an electrical s oc

hazard protection p int of view the dielectric stren th of these ca acitors s al b at le st

eq al to the req ired dielectric stren th of the a p ratu or s stem in whic the ca acitor wi

b u ed

7.2 Le k ge c r e t

Earth le kage c r ent is def i ed as “c r ent f lowin fom the l ve p rts of an in tal ation to

e rth, in the a sen e of an in ulation f ault (IEC 6 0 0-4 2:19 8, 4 2-01-2 )

At o eratin temp rature, the le kage c r ent of the a pl an e s al not b ex es ive an its

electric stren th s al b adeq ate

Limits are given in the relevant eq ipment stan ard s c as IEC 6 3 5-1, IEC 6 2 4-1 or

When c o sin the ca acitan e of ca acitors to b con ected b twe n l ve p rts an

ac es ible metal p rts, these l mits have to b taken into ac ou t, so that the a pro riate lmit

f or the whole eq ipment is not ex e ded

7.3 Mountin of ra io interfere c s ppre sion compone ts in e uipme t a d

ap l a c s

The cre p ge an cle ran e distan es on the outside of the s p res ion comp nent s ould

b at le st of the stan ard req ired for the a pl an e itself The cle ran es q oted in

IEC 6 9 9-series are taken f rom IEC 6 3 5-1 an a ply to domestic a pl cation Other

cle ran es may b a pro riate in other typ s of eq ipment

7.4 Ele tric l s oc hazard prote tion te ting

In the IEC 6 9 8- an IEC 6 9 9-series an in IEC 6 3 4-14 se arate test s hed les are

provided for tests where certif i ation for electrical s oc hazard protection only is to b

car ied out No detai sp cification is p rmited to red ce an of these req irements The

s hed le of electrical s oc hazard protection tests only is the a pro riate one to b f ol owed

by a certifyin test la oratory

IEC 6 3 4-14-1, F ix d c p citors for use in el ectro ic e uipme t – Part 14-1: Blan d eta

sp cific t io : Fixed c p cit ors for el ect roma n tic interere c su pres ion a d c n e tio to

th su ply mains – As es me t lev l D

IEC 6 3 4-14-2, Fix d c p citors for use in el ectro ic e uipme t – Part 14-2: Blan d eta

sp cific t io – Fix d c p cit ors for ele troma n t ic interere c su pres ion a d c n e tio

to the su ply mains – Safety t ests o ly

IEC 6 3 4-14-3, Fix ed c p citors for use in el ectro ic e uipme t – Part 14-3: Bl an d eta

sp cific tio – Fix ed c p cit ors for ele troma n t ic int erere c su pres ion a d c n e tio

to the su ply mains – As es me t level DZ

IEC 6 6 4-1, Insul ation c ord in tion for e uipme t wit hin low-voltag systems – Part 1:

Principl es, re uireme ts a d tests

IEC 6 9 8-1, F ix d ind uctors for el ectroma n tic int erere c su pres ion – P art 1: Ge eric

sp cific tio

IEC 6 9 8-2, Fix ed inductors for electroma n t ic interere c su pres io – Part 2: Se t io al

sp cific t io

IEC 6 9 8-2-1, Fix d ind uct ors for ele troma n t ic int erere c su pres io – Part 2-1: Bl an

det ail sp cific t ion – I nd uctors for whic safety tests are re uired – As es me t l ev l D

IEC 6 9 8-2-2, Fix d ind uctors for ele troma n tic interere c su pres io – Part 2-2: Blan

detail sp cific tion – Ind uct ors for whic safety tests are re uired (o ly)

IEC 6 9 9-1, Pas iv filt er u its for ele troma n tic interere c su pres ion – Part 1:

Ge eric sp cific t ion

IEC 6 9 9-2, Pas iv filter u its for ele troma n tic interere c su pres ion – Part 2:

Se tion l sp cific tion – Pas ive filter u its for whic safety tests are a pro riate – Test

methods a d g n ral re uireme ts

IEC 6 9 9-2-1, Compl et e filter u its for rad io interere c su pres ion – Part 2-1: Bl an d et ai

sp cific t io – P as ive filt er u its for el ectroma n t ic int ereren e su pres io – Filt ers for

whic safety tests are re uired (as es me t le el D/DZ)

IEC 6 9 9-2-2, Compl ete fil ter u its for rad io interere c su pres ion – Part 2-2: Bl an d etai

sp cific t io – P as ive filt er uits for el ectroma n tic interere c su pres io – Filt ers for

whic safety tests are re uired (safety tests o ly)

IEC 6 9 0-1, Informatio tec n lo y e uipme t – Safety – Part 1: Ge eral re uireme ts

IEC 6 3 8-1, Aud io/vid eo, information a d c mmu ic t ion t ec n log e uipme t – Part 1:

Safety re uireme ts

CISPR 1 , Industrial , scientific a d med ic l e uipme t – Rad io-fe u n y dist urb n e

c ara teristics – Limits a d meth ds of me sureme t

CISPR 17, Meth ds of Measureme t of the su pres ion c ara t eristics of pas ive Rad io

I nterere c F il ters a d Su pres io Comp n nts

Britis Stan ard Code of Practice CP10 6: 19 5

Ge eral Asp cts ofRad io I nterere c 6 p ges

Electrical Rese rc As ociation Re ort 7 -31, Marc 19 5

Cod e of P ra t ic for t he Avoid an e of ele tric l interere c in Ele tro ic instrume tatio a d

system 8 p ges in lu in bibl ogra h

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