Tiêu chuẩn iso ts 20328 2016

© ISO 2016 Imaging materials — Lenticular lens sheet — Measurements and specifications of dimensions Matériaux pour l’image — Feuille lenticulaire — Mesurages et spécifications des dimensions TECHNICA[.]

Imag ing materials — Lenticular

Matériau p ur l’ima e — Feuille lentic ulaire — Mesura e s et

spécifications des dimensions

Fir t edition

2 16-04-0

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2016, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms and definitions 1

4 Me surement 3

4.1 General 3

4.1.1 Ou ine 3

4.1.2 Stan ard ambient condition 3

4.2 Width of a lenticule 4

4.2.1 Measur ement eq ipment 4

4.2.2 Measur ement pr oc d r es 4

4.2.3 Rep rting of the pr ecision 4

4.2.4 Lens fr eq ency (lpi) 5

4.2.5 Pr ecision within lot an lot-to-lot 5

4.3 Thicknes of lenticule lense she t 5

4.3.1 Measur ement eq ipment 5

4.3.2 Measur ement pr oc d r es 5

4.3.3 Rep rting an clas ification of thicknes of lenticular lens she t 5

4.4 Temperatur e and humidity depen enc 6

4.4.1 General 6

4.4.2 Measur ement eq ipment an pr oc d res 6

4.4.3 Measur ement an calculation of temperatur e depen enc 7

4.4.4 Measur ement an calculation of h midity depen enc 7

4.4.5 Clas ification of the temperatur e an h midity depen enc 8

A nne x A (informative)Ex planatio of lenticula lens pr int

9 Biblog raphy 12

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sp nsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the WTO principles in the Te h ical

Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the fol owing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sp nsible for thisdocument is ISO/TC42, Ph to ra h

Lenticular lens ar an ar a of ma nifying lenses, w hich can g ene at e a desir d visual pe c ption,

inclu ing 3D efe t, animation an flps, w hen the un e lying int erlac d print ed imag e is viewed

from dife ent angles The mos widespr ad use of this t ech olo y is in lenticular printing, for use in

p ckag es, displa p st ers, promotional butt ons, ma net , co st ers, cole tibles, signs, men b ards,

p st cards an busines cards

It is r port ed that the market siz of lenticular she t is over 1 0 mi lon m

2

an the market is

growing Mor o e , the imag e q alties of lenticular printing ha e impro ed dramaticaly, an furthe

impro ement is ex e t ed in the futur Whie prod ction of lenticular she t with a lens fr q ency

of 1 0 l nes pe inch (lpi) is routine, prod ct with 2 0 lpi ar also cur ently av ai a le To prod c

the o timal pe c ptive ex e ienc , the right choic of lenticular she t is c ucial Dife ent use cases

r q ir dife ent lens fr q encies F r a 2D view a plcation, a 2 0 lpi mat erial can be o timal, an for

multiview 3D efe t viewed from one met er or furthe , a 1 lpi mat erial can be o timal On a sep rat e

not e, lenticular she t with highe lens fr q ency can be thinne ; the efor , inc easing it p t ential in

high q alty p cka ing and a v riety of printings

The multi-st ep proc s of lenticular printing involves c eation of a lenticular imag e from at leas two

exis ing imag es an it combination with a lenticular she t The combining proc s can eithe be a

1) dir ct printing of the imag es on the lenticular she t or 2) p s ing the lenticular she t an print ed

imag es Thisproc s can be used t o c eat e v rious frames of animation (motion pe c ption), ofset ing

the v rious la e s at dife ent inc ement (3D pe c ption) or simply t o show a set of alt ernat e imag es

w hich a pear t o trans orm int o each othe

Major fact ors influencing the q al ty of a lenticular imag e is the pr cision in the dimensions ofthe

lenticules in the lenticular she t an the print ed int erlac d imag e an the pr cision in the p sitioning

of the lens ar a and the int erlac d imag es Po r pr cision r sult in p or imag e q alty an p or

pr cision in the dimensions of lenticules in the lenticular lens she t can r sult in low prod ction yield,

conseq ently r sulting in highe cos s

The efor , the deman for impro ing the pr cision in the dimensions of the lenticules in a lenticular

lens she t has be n high The s andardization of the measur ment of the dimension of the lenticules in

a lenticular lens she t has be n r q est ed from the market

Imag ing materials — Lenticular lens sheet —

This Te h ical Spe ification spe ifies the measur ment an spe if ications of the dimensions of a

lenticular lens she t It desc ibes measur ment methods an spe ifies the nominal siz s an targ et

dimensions with t ole anc It also desc ibes methods t o t es the s a i ty of dimensions of the lenticular

lens she t

This Te h ical Spe ification is a plca le t o lenticular lens she t used in lenticular print , inclu ing

those that give an imag e the i lusion of depth or make imag es a pear t o chang e /mo e as the imag e is

viewed from dife ent angles Both imp ct and non-imp ct printing can be used t o g ene at e the imag es

Ex mples of the forme ar of-set, gra ur an flex ogra hy, w hie the ex mples of the latt er ar si ve

halde, inkjet, dye difusion the mal trans e an ele tro hot ogra hy

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 1 3 9- 2, Plas tic s — The momecha ic al a alys i s (TMA ) — Part 2 : Determin tio o c oeffic ient o lnear

the mal expa s io a d glas s tra s itio tempe atur

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the folowing t ermsand definitions a ply

3.1

lenticular lens

ar a of ma nifying semi-cy lin rical lenses, designed t o prod c a desir d pe c ption, such as 3D,

motion or morphing, t o the un e lying int erlac d imag e

E AMP E T is t ech iq e is widely used in lenticular printing,wherein the lenticular lens is used to provide

an ilusion of depth, chang or motion to an u derlying int erlaced ima e when viewed from diferent angles

Note 1to entry: Schematic dia rams of a lenticular she t is shown in Figure 1 (t op view)an Figure 2 (side view)

1 leng th in X-dir ection

2 leng th in Y-direction

3 mag nified lenticular patern

Figure 1 — Top view of a lenticula lens she t

1 orig in (zer o point) of the co rdinate

2 cutting en

3 valey of a lenticule

4 pe k of a lenticule

5 Lc; distance to the orig in fr om the cutting en (μm)

6 Wl; w idth of a lenticule (μm)

Figure 2 — Side view of a lenticular lens she t

4.1.1 Outlne

Measur ment proc d r s an spe if ications ar desc ibed for the folowing p ramet ers w hich

det ermine the imag e q alty of lenticular print :

a) pr cision in width of a lenticule;

b) s a i ty of the length of a lenticule u de ambient con itions

4.1.2 Standard ambient c onditio

Stan ard ambient conditions shal be a t empe atur of 2 °C ± 2 °C, a r lative h midity of

4.2 Width of a lenticule

4.2.1 Me surement eq ipment

Calbrat ed dimension measur ment eq ipment shal be used The sp tial r solution ca a i ity of the

eq ipment shal be fine than 2 μm

F or ex mple, a s y lus ty e surfac measuring ins rument, used ty icaly for measuring surfac

rough es an cont our, can be used An ex mple for the s y lusis 5 μm diamon s y lus tipwith 40° angle

4.2.2 Me surement proc edur es

The sample should be eq i ibrat ed t o the s andard ambient con itions for one hour befor

measur ment Themeasur ment should be made at he s an ard ambient con itions

An ar a that inclu es 2 or mor lenticules shal be measur d Asshown in Figur 2, a v ley, r pr sent ed

b “ 3” is locat ed betwe n two lenticules The width of a lenticule (Wl) is the dis anc betwe n any two

adjac nt v ley s Themeasur ment shal be pe formed b th in the forward an b ckward dir ctions

The dis anc from the f irs v ley t o the 2

s

v ley, i.e the combined width of 2 lenticules, shal be

measur d

Themeasur d width of each lenticule shal be r corded an be ex r s ed in μm

4.2.3 Repor ting of the precisio

Thefolowing shal be r p rt ed:

a) the measur d a e ag e width of the lenticule;

Ave ag e Wl is calculat ed b dividing the combined length b the n mbe of lenticules, as shown in

F rmula (1) The width shal be ex r s ed in μm;

Wl(averag e)

W l

=

∑

1 2

2

(1)

b) the nominal width of the lenticule, calculat ed as shown in F ormula (2);

Nominal_ width_of_lenticule

Nominal resolution (











=

2 40

lpi











(2)

c) the dife enc betwe n measur d a e ag e width an nominal width of the lenticules;

d) the s an ard deviation of the averag e width of the lenticules;

e) clas ification of the pr cision ac ording t o Ta le 1

Table 1 — Clas ificatio of precision of lenticule width

(Dife enc between averag e width an

nominal width/Nominal width)× 1 0

Pr cision clas ification

4.2.4 Lens frequency (lpi

The lens fr q ency of lenticular lens she t shal be calculat ed using F ormula (3)

R esolution(lpi =

2 40

Wl(averag e)

(3)

The lens fr q ency-b sed clas ification isshown in Ta le 2

Table 2— Clas ificatio of lenticular lens she t lens frequency

Nominal lens fr quency rang e Clas ification of lens fr quency

4.2.5 Pr ecisio w ithin lot an lot-to- ot

Samplng shal be as folow s

W ithin lot: The f irs thr e an the las thr e she t in the course of the “ prod ction” shal be used

for measur ment He e, “ prod ction” r lat es t o the g ene ation of the she t for a single shipment F or

ex mple, if thef irs 3 she t , i.e 1s , 2n and 3rd, ar t o be discarded, the next 3she t , i.e 4th, 5th and

6th, shal be used for measur ment

L t-t o-lot:Eve y lot shal beev luat ed folowing the a o e samplng rules

The a e ag e width of thelenticules of the she t measur d shal be r p rt ed

4.3 Thicknes of lenticule lense she t

4.3.1 Me sur ement eq ipment

Calbrat ed me hanical thick es measur ment eq ipment shal be used The ga ug e head shal be

larg er than 3 mm an smale than 2 mm in diamet er The t ole anc of pr cision an ac uracy of the

measur ment eq ipment shal besmale than 2 μm

4.3.2 Me sur ement proc edures

The thick es of thelenticular lens she t is defined as the dis anc betwe n the t op of the lenses t o the

b tt om of the b se film, as i us rat ed in Figur 2

The sample should be eq i ibrat ed t o the s andard ambient con itions for one hour befor

measur ment Themeasur ment should be made at the s an ard ambient con itions

4.3.3 Reporting and clas ificatio of thicknes of lenticula lens she t

The dife enc from the targ et v lue shal be r port ed The clas ification of pr cision of lenticule lens

she t thick es is shown in Ta le 3

Table 3 — Clas ificatio of precisio of lenticule lens she t thicknes

Dife enc from the targ et v lue Pr cision clas ification

4.4 Temperatur e and humidity dependence

4.4.1 General

When int erlac d imag es ar dir ctly print ed on lenticular lens she t or the print ed int erlac d imag es

ar at ached t o the lenticular lens she t , the ambient t empe atur an / r h midity of the work ar a

ma not be controled Neve theles , s a i ity of the dimensions of the lenticular lens she t is a c itical

fact or for ensuring co rdination betwe n the ar a of lenses an the print ed int erlac d imag es

In this subclause, proc d r s for measuring the t empe atur an h midity depen enc of the

dimensions oflenticular lens she t ar desc ibed

4.4.2 Me surement eq ipment and proc ed res

The length of a s rip of the lenticular lens she t shal be measur d u de dife ent t empe atur an

h midity con itions

The pr cision of themeasur ment of the dimensions shal be smale than 0,0 % in t erms of the ratio

of chang e ( in dimension) t o-original length

An ex mple of the measur ment proc d r isas folows

Siz of the s rips: W idth = 4 mm and length = 2 mm; he e the length, r pr senting the dis anc along

X-a is in Figur 1, is the dis anc betwe n the two clp ed edg esof thelenticular lens she t

Eq ipment: An ex mple of the eq ipment used t o measur the dimensions of the she t is shown in

Figur 3

The t erminal c pul the sample s rip with 1 mN t ension

a sample strip

b clamped en

c terminal which g ive a tension of 1 mN to the sample strip

d micr ometr e caliper

e rang e of movement depen ing on temperatur e chang es or h midity chang es

Figure 3— An example of me surement eq ipment used to me sure the temperature- or

humidity-dependent chang es in length

4.4.3 Me surement and calculation of temperature dependenc e

The sample an the eq ipment shal be eq i ibrat ed t o 2 °C 5 % RH at leas for 1 h befor

measur ment Thelength of the sample shal be measur d

Subseq ently, the t empe atur shal be raised t o 5 °C at a rat e that is eq al t o or lowe than 5 °C min

The chang es in the length shal be measur d an the chang es in the length pe chang e in t empe atur

shal be calculat ed Themois ur cont ent shal be kept cons ant w hen the t empe atur shal be used

The detaisof the prot ocol ar desc ibed in ISO 1 3 9- 2

NOTE 1 T e temperature is raised from 2 °C t o 5 °C in order to at ain the suff icient precision an ac uracy

t o calculate the chang in length per 1 °C, as uming that he length of the sample chang s in direct proportion to

t emperature within this temperature rang

NOTE 2 The moisture cont ent can b kept constant by not ad ing moisture when the t emperature is raised

4.4.4 Me sur ement and calculation of humidity dependenc e

The sample an the eq ipment shal be eq i ibrat ed t o 2 °C 5 % RH at leas for 1 h befor

measur ment The length of the sample shal be measur d Subseq ently, the r lative h midity shal