Tiêu chuẩn iso ts 19022 2016

© ISO 2016 Plastics — Method of controlled acceleration of laboratory weathering by increased irradiance Plastiques — Méthode d’accélération contrôlée du vieillissement en laboratoire par irradiance a[.]

Plastics — Method ofc ontrol ed

Plastiques — Méth de d’ac élération co trôlée du vieillissement en

la oratoire p r irradianc accrue

Refer ence n mb r

ISO/TS 1 0 2:2 16(E)

Fir t edition

2 16-0 -0

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

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F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitio s 1

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 2

5 Principle 2

6 A pparatus 2

6.1 General

2 6.2 Tes chambe 2

6.3 L b ratory radiation source 3

6.3.1 General 3

6.3.2 Spe tr al irr adianc 3

6.3.3 Irradianc u iformity 3

6.4 Radiomete 4

6.5 Tes chambe temperature an r elative h midity 4

6.6 Black-stan ar d/ lack-p nel the momete 4

6.7 Wetting and humidity-contr ol eq ipment 4

6.7.1 General 4

6.7.2 Relative-h midity contr ol eq ipment 4

6.7.3 Spra y sys em 4

6.8 Spe imen holde s 4

6.9 A pp r atus to as es chang es in prope ties 5

7 Test specimens 5

8 Test metho 5

9 Ex posure c onditions 6

9.1 Radiation 6

9.2 Temperatur e 6

9.2.1 Black-stan ar d an black-p nel temper atur e 6

9.2.2 Chambe air temperatur e 6

9.2.3 Spe imen surfac temperatur e 6

9.3 Humidity of chambe air 7

9.3.1 Relative h midity ofchambe air 7

9.3.2 Spra y cycle 7

10 Proc ed re .7

1 1 General 7

1 2 Mou ting the tes spe imens 7

1 3 Ex posur e 7

1 4 Measur ement of r adiant ex posur e 8

1 5 Dete mination of chang es in pr ope ties afe ex posure 8

11 Test rep rt 8

A nne x A (informative)Pr inciple of r ecipr ocity 9

Biblog raphy 10

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Standards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sp nsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the WTO principles in the Te h ical

Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the fol owing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is ISO/TC6 1, Plas tic s , Subcommitt ee SC 6, Agein , chemic al

a d env iro mental r s i s ta c e

A r al zation of the ac ele ation of la orat ory weathe ing u de controled con itions is an es ential

r q ir ment for del ve ing r la le an fas pr diction of mat erial d ra i ity In this conne tion, the

cor elation t o r al use a ing beha iour is being che ked cons antly

The fun amental p ramet ersof a weathe ing t es ar simulat ed solar radiation, heat an mois ur The

in uc d chang e in the mat erial pro e ties, among othe things, is det ermined b the ir adianc level

an r lative spe tral ir adianc of simulat ed solar radiation incident on the mat erial surfac d ring

the t es , the surfac t empe atur , an the level of mois ur An inc ease in some wel-k own weathe

p ramet ers, contin ously monit or d out do rs, ofe s o p rtunities t o spe d up the weathe ing proc s

out do rs an in the la orat ory Sinc 1 6 , ac ele ation of out do r weathe ing with ins rument for

int ensified weathe ing using conc ntrat ed solar radiation (ac ording t o ISO 8 7-3) be ame a common

practic By conc ntrating the natural solar radiation with Fr snel mir ors, ir adianc s of five t o six

times highe than the ma imum natural level hasbe n r ached Alr ady in 1 9 , a sc e ning proc d r

with ve y high ir adianc s for dyed t exties we e develo ed w hich ena led the r d ction of the t es

d ration for lghtas nes grades from f ive day s t o seven day s t o two an a half day s

[5]

Howeve , the a plca i ty of an inc eased ir adianc for det erminis ic ac ele ation of weathe ing

without a spe if ic k ow ledg e of mat erial pro e ties r q ir s that the degradation of mat erial (at

cons ant t empe atur an mois ur con itions) has t o be depen ent on the a pled radiant ex osur

only, ir espe tive of the ir adianc level an r sulting ex osur d ration used d ring the t es F or some

mat erials fulf il ing this c it erion, the ac ele ation of weathe ing has be n demons rat ed suc es ful y

[6][7][8][9]

This c it erion is not alway s fulf iled sinc an inc ease in the ir adianc might not alway s

prod c the ex e t ed inc ease in the weathe ing ac ele ation d e t o pos ible an a priory u k own t o

the o e at or nonl near depen enc of the phot ochemical proc s es on the ir adianc level Mor o e ,

the o e al mat erial degradation might be s rongly afe t ed b the othe weathe p ramet ers w hich

can be modified d e t o the inc eased ir adianc

The e ar lmitations in using inc eased ir adianc s The efor , the a plca i ty an the l mit of this

weathe ing ac ele ation a pro ch ar det ermined b the pro e ties of the spe ific mat erial an ha e

t o be inves ig t ed sy st ematical y in each particular case In this r spe t, it is of es ential importanc

t o v ldat e an a pro riat e t es proc d r u de controled con itions in la orat ory with an artif icial

radiation sour e w hich can pro ide high ir adianc s a o e the natural level with the r lative spe tral

ir adianc closely mimicking the natural solar radiation Simultaneously, the t empe atur of the sample

spe imen surfac an of the chambe air is kept cons ant in a wide rang e of ir adianc level In ad ition,

the usual wet ing an rain o tion ha e t o be a aia le

Plastics — Method ofc ontrol ed ac c eleration oflaboratory

This Te h ical Spe if ication spe ifies a t es method w hich alow s pr dicting the a ing rat e of mat erial

spe imens, e.g plas ics, u de int er s indepen ent of the a ing me hanisms as a function of radiant

ex osur The UV ir adianc of a simulat ed solar radiation (with a la orat ory radiation sour e) wi l be

ext en ed a o e the normal ma imum level on earth surfac w hi e ke ping al r lev nt t empe atur

p ramet ers fix ed

NOTE F or translucent plastic , the surface temperatures are b low the white stan ard t emperature In

ad ition, the ma imum t emperature is not on the ir adiat ed surface, it is somewhere inside the plastic mat erial

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 45 2, Plas tic s — Dete min tio o cha ges in c olo r a d v riations in pro erties ate ex pos ur to

da lg t u de glas s , n tural weathe in or artific ial lg t

ISO 48 2-1, Plas tic s — Meth ds o expos ur to la oratory lg t s ourc es — Part 1: G ene al g ida c e

ISO 9 7 , Plas tic s — Ins trumental dete min tion o radia t expos ur in weathe in tes ts — G ene al

g ida c e a d b s ic tes t meth d

ISO 1 640, Plas tic s — Meth dolo y fr as ses s in p lyme p oto a ein b FT-IR a d UV-vi s ible s pec trometr y

ISO/TR 1 8 1, Plas tic s — Sta dard ta le fr r fe enc e glo al s olar s pec tral ir adia c e at s ea level —

Hori zontal, r lati ve air mas s 1

CIE Publcation No 8 :1 8 , S lar s pec tral ir adia c e

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the folowing t ermsand definitions a ply

3.1

radiant ex osure

H

radiant ene g pe u it

Note 1to entry: Radiant e posure is given by the fol owing formula:

H = ∫ E × dt

where

E is their adianc , in wat s pe sq ar metr (W × m

−

);

t is theex osur time, in se on s ()

Note 2to entry: H is therefore e pres ed in joules per sq are metre (J × m

-2

)

sola radiatio

glo al sola radiatio

solar radiant lux, b th dir ct an dif use, r c ived on a horizontal plane u it ar a from a sold angle of

2π st eradians

[ SOURCE:ISO/TR 1 8 1, 3.1, modif ied — ir adianc has be n r plac d b radiation]

Not e 1t o entry: In this Tech ical Specif ication, “ olar radiation” alway s me ns “glo al solar radiation”

4 Symbols and abbr eviated terms

CHT chambe air t empe atur (ambient air t empe atur )

BST black-s an ard the momet er ( insulat ed surfac t empe atur sensor)

BPT black-p nel the momet er (u insulat ed surfac t empe atur sensor)

WST w hit e s an ard the momet er ( insulat ed surfac t empe atur sensor)

WPT w hit e p nel the momet er (u insulat ed surfac t empe atur sensor)

A xenon or fluor sc nt UV radiation sour e (othe radiation sour es ar pos ible), fitt ed with filt ers ( if

ne es ary), is used t o simulat e pr fe a ly the r lative spe tral ir adianc of solar radiation ac ording

t o CIE Publcation No 8 :1 8 , Ta le 4 or solar radiation f ilt er d b win ow glas A s an ard t es

method (e.g ISO 48 2- 2, ISO 48 2-3) or a dife ing non-s an ardiz d weathe ing t es method shal be

con uct ed as a basis for furthe inves ig tions The b se level t es shal use weathe ing p ramet ers

( ir adianc , t empe atur s, r lative h midity) w hich ar not a o e a ma imum natural level (e.g

ir adianc in the wa elength rang e 3 0 nm t o 40 nm smale than 6 W/ m

2

) As a se on st ep, the

ir adianc is inc eased st ep b st ep a o e the natural level Whie the ir adianc is inc eased a o e

the ma imum level (at leas thr e levels) or de r ased, al othe t es paramet ers (r lative spe tral

ir adianc , chambe air t empe atur , r lative h midity) shal be kept cons ant (u chang ed) If used,

the influenc of a spra /dry cycle shal be car ful y conside ed The t es r sult (e.g colour chang e,

carb ny l formation) shal be plott ed as a fu ction of theradiant ex osur

6 A pparatus

The eq ipment comprises a cl mat e chambe with a chambe air t empe atur and r lative h midity

measur ment devic In the cl mat e chambe , inclu ed is a radiation sour e The radiation sour e ma

g ene at e UV, visible radiation, an infrar d radiation simiar t o solar radiation with a pro riat e f ilt er

sy st ems A co l ng sy st em for the la orat ory simulat ed solar radiation sour e an a f ixtur for the

spe imens ar inclu ed in the chambe as wel

6.2 Test chamber

The design of the t es chambe ma v ry, but it shal be cons ruct ed from ine t mat erial In case of

radiation sour es inclu ing VIS an IR, it shal be eq ip ed with a blower w hich g ene at es a def ined

airflow t o be dir ct ed ac os the spe imens In ad ition t o the control ed lamp wat ag e, the t es

chambe shal pro ide for control of chambe air t empe atur radiation shielded F or ex osur s that

r q ir control of h midity, the t es chambe shal inclu e h midity-control faci ities that me t the

r q ir ment of ISO 48 2-1

NOTE If the lamp system (one or more lamps) is centraly positioned in the chamb r, the efect of an

ec entricity of the lamp(s) on the u iformity of e posure may b red ced by using a rotating frame car ying the

specimens or by repositioning or rotating the lamps

Should any ozone be g ene at ed from o e ation of thelamp(), the lamp() shal be isolat ed from the t es

spe imens an o e ating pe sonnel If the ozone is in an air s r am, it shal be vent ed dir ctly t o the

out ide of the buiding

6.3 Laboratory radiation sourc e

6.3.1 General

The la orat ory solar radiation sour es (e.g x enon ar lamp, fluor sc nt UV lamp) ma emit radiation

from below 2 0 nm in the ultra iolet through the visible spe trum an int o the infrar d In orde

t o simulat e solar radiation with lamps w hich emit the ful spe trum of solar radiation (UV, VIS, an

IR radiation), f ilt ers shal be used t o r mo e short wa elength UV radiation In ad ition, filt ers t o

r mo e infrar d radiation ma be used t o pr vent u r al s ic heating of the t es spe imens

NOTE 1 S lar spectral ir adiance for a n mb r of diferent atmosp eric con itions is des rib d in CIE

P blication No 8 T e b nchmark solar radiation used in this Tech ical Specif ication is that def ined in CIE

No.8 :1 8 , Ta le 4 A recalculat ed Ta le 4 is availa le in ISO/TR 178 1(b tt er wavelength resolution)

NOT 2 If la oratory radiation sour es are used which emit serious amou ts in the IR an VIS rang ,

surface temperatures are afected by surface he ting T en, actions to adjust specimen surface temperatures

hav eto b tak en

6.3.2 Spectral irradianc e

Fit ers ar used t o f ilt er x enon-ar or othe la orat ory radiation sour es in orde t o simulat e solar

radiation (CIE Publcation No 8 :1 8 , Ta le 4 ) The minimum an ma imum levels of the r lative

spe tral ir adianc ar given in the used s an ard a plcations(e.g ISO 489 - 2, ISO 48 2-3)

During the t es , the r lative spe tral ir adianc shal not be chang ed conside a ly An ev luation

method shal be used t o compar the r lative spe tral ir adianc at dife ent ir adianc levels

NOTE 1 T e deviation of the relative spectral ir adiance at the lowest level from the highest level can b

calculat ed ac ording to ISO/TR 1 486

NOTE 2 T e folowing wavelength rang s are recommen ed for the comparison of the relative spectral

ir adiance: 2 0 nm to 3 0 nm, 3 0nm t o 340 nm, 340nm to 360 nm, an 360nm t o 40 nm

NOTE 3 X enon ar an fluores ent UV lamps can ru at varia le wat ag es (which the lamp is specif ied for)

without a signif icant chang of the relative spectral ir adiance

NOTE 4 F or natural an artif icial su radiation, the ir adiance of 60 W/m

2

in the wavelength rang of 3 0 nm

t o 40 nm or 0,5 W/(m

2

× nm

−

) at 340nm in icat es the one su level T is do s not me n that higher ir adiances

can ap e r (6 W/m

2

at 3 0 nm t o 40 nm or 0,8 W/m

2

at 340 nm ac new calculation of CIE 8 , Ta le 4)

6.3.3 Ir adianc e uniformity

The ir adianc at any position in the ar a used for spe imen ex osur shal be at leas 9 % of the

ma imum ir adianc

F or some mat erials of high r fle tivity, high sensitivity t o ir adianc an t empe atur , pe iodic

r p sitioning of spe imens is r commen ed t o ensur u iformity of ex osur s, even w hen the

ir adianc u iformity in the ex osur ar a is within the l mit

6.4 Radiometer

A radiomet er shal be used t o measur an control ir adianc d ring the t es proc d r The radiomet er

shal comply with the r q ir ment outl ned in ISO 48 2-1 an ISO 9 7

6.5 Test chamber temperatur e and r elati ve humidity

The chambe t empe atur sensor shal locat ed, radiation-shielded, an combined with a sensor w hich

measur the r lative h midity in the exhaus air d ct

F or ex ct calbration of the f ield chambe t empe atur an r lative f ield sensor, it is ne es ary t o mo e

a calbrat ed working r fe enc s an ard an the ins rument sensor t o a out the same p sition so

that a b lanc d t empe atur an h midity can be set for the measuring sensors an the chambe air

Calbration takes plac as so n as the w hole sy st em is in the mal balanc

6.6 Black-standard/black-panel thermometer

The black-s an ard or black-p nel the momet er used shal comply with the r q ir ment for these

devic s given in ISO 489 -1

The pr fe r d ma imum surfac t empe atur devic is the black-s an ard the momet er

6.7 Wet ing and humidity-c ontrol equipment

6.7.1 General

Spe imens ma be ex osed t o mois ur in the form of wat er spra or con ensation, or b imme sion If

con ensation, imme sion or othe methods ar used t o ex ose the spe imens t o mois ur , detai s of the

proc d r s an ex osur con itions used shal be inclu ed in the ex osur r port

NOTE Wet ing cycles can have signif icant influence on the test results R esults can difer for keeping

constant either the wet ing d ration (recommen ed for bulk related properties an / r thick samples) or the

n mb r of wet ing cycles (recommen ed for surface related properties an / r thin samples)

6.7.2 Relati ve-humidity c ontrol eq ipment

F or ex osur s w he e r lative-h midity control is r q ir d, the location of the sensors used t o measur

the h midity shal be as spe ified in ISO 48 2-1

6.7.3 Spray system

The t es chambe ma be eq ip ed with a means ofdir cting an int ermitt ent wat er spra ont o the front

or backs of the t es spe imens u de spe ified conditions The spra shal be u iformly dis ribut ed

o e the spe imens The spra sy st em shal be made from cor osion-r sis ant mat erials that do not

contaminat e the wat er emplo ed

The wat er spra ed ont o the spe imen surfac s shal comply with the r q ir ment in ISO 48 2-1

6.8 Specimen holder

Spe imen holde s ma be in the form of an o en frame, lea ing the b cks of the spe imens ex osed, or

they ma pro ide the spe imens with a sold b cking They shal be made from ine t mat erials that wi l

not afe t the r sult of the ex osur , for ex mple, non-o idizing aloy s of aluminium or s ainles st eel

Bras , st eel or co pe shal not be used in the vicinity of the t es spe imens The b cking used might

afe t the r sult , as might any sp c betwe n the b cking an the t es spe imen, particularly with

transpar nt spe imens an shal be a r ed up n betwe n the int er st ed p rties