1 Linguistically, written language tends to consist of clauses that are => internally complex 2 Under the influence of Bloomfield, and then Chomsky, linguists focused on problems of language for many.
Trang 11 Linguistically, written language tends to consist of clauses that are…… => internally
complex
2 Under the influence of Bloomfield, and then Chomsky, linguists focused on ………
problems of language for many decades =>formal and structural
3 Spoken language contains many ……, often simply sequences of phrases =>incomplete sentences
4 The writer is …… the speaker => less implicit than
5 According to Carthy (1993), cohesion is a guide to … =>coherence
6 The first official studies on discourse appeared in… => the 1950s
7 The syntax of spoken language is typically …… structured… that of written language.=
10.According to Halliday&Hasan, (1976), discourse is …… =>a unit of language in use
11.……… refers to the relationship between a particular text and other texts which share
characteristics with it =>Intertextuality
12.Coherence is the feeling that a text …… => hangs together
13.Informativity depends on the notions of …… and probability =>choice
14.Coherence is concerned with the ……… sequencing of the arrangement of the information, the concepts and relation of the textual world which underlie and are realized by the surface text => logical
15.According to J R Firth, by studying conversations can we understand………… better
=>language and its function
16.A discourse can be of any size as long as it forms a =>meaningful whole
17.Passives, it-clefts or wh-clefts are common in…… => spoken language
18.According to J R Firth, all meaning was …… .=>function in context
19.The topic, the purpose of the event and the setting belong to … context => non-linguisic
Trang 220.There is a …… relationship between discourse and context =>dialectical
21.According to Nunan (1993) there are …… types of context => two
22.The overhearers or unintended addressees are referred to as… in Dell Hymes’ model of context => audience
23.………refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within which the discourse is embedded =>Context
24.There is …… of discourse kinds which consist of only one word/phrase/sentence =>a small number
25.The interpretation of one sentence …… without looking back at the previous sentences or referring to the coming ones => is hardly achieved
26.According to J R Firth, the context consists of …….elements => 3
27.In Dell Hymes’ model of context, Code is a term which is used instead of …… =>language28.According to Dell Hymes, the context consists of …… elements => 10
29.What does Addresser refer to in Dell Hymes’ model of context? =>the speaker or the writer30.Utterances are not only dependant on the physical context for their interpretations, they are also …… the language surrounding them =>closely related to
31.………context is the language that surrounds or accompanies the piece of discourse under analysis =>Linguistic
32.How many elements are there in Halliday’s model of context? => 3
33 expresses the relationship of identity which exists between units in discourse
=> reference
34.Lexical cohesion is divided into reiteration and ……….=>collocation
35.The relation between furninture and table, desk, chair, bed is that of …… =>Superordinate36.……….refers to the relation between different words bearing the same meaning or nearly thesame meaning => Synonymy
37 reference points the reader or listener forwards =>Cataphoric
38.Contrary, complementary, relational opposite and ordered series are the four subtypes of
Trang 341.………presents a part/whole relationship =>Meronymy
42.…… means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse by direct repetition or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations =>Reiteration
43.Based on………, reference is classified into exophoric and endophoric reference =>pointingdirection
44 expresses the relationship of identity which exists between units in discourse
=>Reference
45.What type of reference is essentially a form of verbal pointing? =>Demonstrative
46.What type of reference is expressed through adjectives and adverbs and serves to compare items within a text in terms of identity or similarity? Comparative
47.Grammatical cohesion is the surface marking of …… links between clauses and sentences
in written discourse, and between utterances and turns in speech./ semantic
48.People, object, place, creature are examples ofGeneral words
49.The basic meaning of the …… is ‘contrary to expectation’.adversative relation
50.‘not…but’ is the basic meaning of / Corrective relations
51.is the relation between class and (direct) subclass.Superordinate
52.reference items are expressed through personal pronouns, possessive pronouns and
possessive determiners Personal
53.First and second person forms are normally interpreted ……… by reference to the
situation.Exophorically
54 is the use of one lexical item with the same meaning in more than one sentence.Repetition 55.Those conjunctions like likewise, similarly, in the same way, in (just) this way express/ Comparative relations
56.References to assumed, shared worlds outside the text are …… reference./ exophoric
57.Halliday&Hasan divides verbal ellipsis into lexical and operator ellipsis
58.References to the entity/items within the text are …… references.Endophoric
59.refers to those pairs of opposites that are gradable such as thin><thick.Contrary relation60.References to the entity/items within the text are …… references.Endophoric
61.expresses the relationship of identity which exists between units in discourse.Nominal
substitution is the use of a substitute item to replace the ……… of a corresponding noun phrase Head noun
Trang 462.Which type of clausal substitution is perhaps not?Substitution of modalized clauses
63.First and second person forms are normally interpreted ……… by reference to the
situation.exophorically
64.Clausal substitution is expressed throughso and not
65.Grammatical cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis and conjunction
66.A 3rd person form typically refers …… to a preceding item in the text /Anaphorically67.According to Halliday&Hasan, substitution is a relation within the text on the ……… level lexico-grammatical
68.Why did you come home late last night? / I won’t tell you why
69.The type of ellipsis that takes place after why is clausal ellipsis/ clausal ellipsis
70.What type of conjunction is ‘only’ in the following text?
71.I’d love to join in Only I don’t know how to play Adversative
72.refers to the association of lexical items that regularly co-occur.Collocationf
73.refers to the use of nouns with general meanings to refer to some item with specific
meanings.General word
74.The three environments in which clausal substitution takes place are …report, condition and modality
75.Felicity conditions are those conditions for the performance of a speech act to be
recognized All are correct
76.The Cooperative principle consists of ……… maxims /four
77.Reiteration includes repetition, synonymy, antonymy, superodinate,…… and general
word.Meronymy
78.appoint, dismiss, degrade, name, order, sentence are examples of exercitives
79.So, to cut a long story short, we grabbed our stuff and ran
80.In the above sentence, to cut a long story short is / a quantity hedge
81.Which does NOT belong to the Manner maxim?Be relevant
82.A ……… act is the results or effects that are produced by means of saying
something Perlocutionary
83.Cohesion is concerned with formal surface structures (syntax and lexis) to interact with underlying …… relations or underlying functional coherence to create textual unity => Semantic
Trang 584.According to Carthy (1993), cohesion is a guide to … => Coherence.
85.The first official studies on discourse appeared in… => the 1950s
86.According to Halliday & Hasan, (1976), discourse is …… => a unit of language in use.87.A discourse can be of any size as long as it forms a => meaningful whole [Instruction: In terms of size, a discourse can be realized by a word, a phrase, a clause /sentence, a
paragraph, a cluster of paragraphs, a book or even as big as a whole library providing that it forms a meaningful whole.]
88.The syntax of spoken language is typically …….structured… that of written language => much less….than1923
89.……… refers to the relationship between a particular text and other texts which share
characteristics with it => Intertextuality
90.According to J R Firth, by studying conversations can we understand………… better => language and its function
91.Coherence is concerned with the ……… sequencing of the arrangement of the information, the concepts and relation of the textual world which underlie and are realized by the surface text =>Logical
92.decades => formal and structural [Instruction: During that time, under the influence of Bloomfield, and then Chomsky, linguists only focused on formal and structural problems of language for many decades, and, for this reason, meaning was put aside]
93.Coherence is the feeling that a text …… =>hangs together.[Instruction: Coherence is
something created by the reader in the act of reading the text It is the feeling that a text hangs together, that it makes sense and that it is not just a jumble of sentences.]
94.……refers to the situation giving rise to the discourse, and within which the discourse is embedded => Context
95.In Dell Hymes’ model of context, Code is a term which is used instead of …… => language.96.The overhearers or unintended addressees are referred to as… in Dell Hymes’ model of context => audience
97.There is …… of discourse kinds which consist of only one word/phrase/sentence => a small number
98.Utterances are not only dependant on the physical context for their interpretations, they are also …… the language surrounding them => closely related to
Trang 699.The interpretation of one sentence …… without looking back at the previous sentences or referring to the coming ones =>is hardly achieved.
100 What does Addresser refer to in Dell Hymes’ model of context? => the speaker or the writer
101 First and second person forms are normally interpreted ……… by reference to the situation =>Exophorically
102 Echoing and auxiliary contrasting are the two types of ……… => verbal ellipsis
103 Lexical cohesion is divided into reiteration and ……… => collocation
104 What type of conjunction is ‘only’ in the following text? I’d love to join in Only I don’t know how to play=>Adversative
105 Halliday & Hasan divides verbal ellipsis into ……… => lexical and operator ellipsis
106 Clausal substitution is expressed through ……… =>So and not
107 ……….refers to the relation between different words bearing the same meaning or nearly the same meaning => Synonymy
108 …… means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse by direct repetition
or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations => Reiteration
109 .expresses the relationship of identity which exists between units in discourse
=> Reference
110 .reference items are expressed through personal pronouns, possessive
pronouns and possessive determiners => Personal
111 The basic meaning of the …… is ‘contrary to expectation’ =>Adversative relation
112 ……… is the relation between class and (direct) subclass => Superordinate
113 ……….is the use of one lexical item with the same meaning in more than one
Trang 7118 …………refers to those pairs of opposites that are gradable such as thin><thick => Contrary relation
119 It’s the way I like to go to work One person and one line of enquiry at a time
Otherwise, there’s a muddle In the above text, otherwise is a……… conjunction =>Causal
120 ……… reference: points the reader/listener backwards to a previously mentioned entity, process or state => Anaphoric
121 References to the entity/items within the text are …… references => Endophoric
122 People, object, place, creature are examples of……… => General words
123 Nominal substitution is the use of a substitute item to replace the ……of a
corresponding noun phrase =>Head noun
124 Grammatical cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis and ……… => conjunction
125 reference points the reader or listener forwards => Cataphoric
126 Reiteration includes repetition, synonymy, antonymy, superodinate,…… and general word =>Meronymy
127 …… is not an anaphoric relation =>Conjunction
128 There are ……… types of substitution => 3
129 ……… state(s) the ‘essence’ of the act, i.e., that the utterance ‘counts as’ speech act
x or y or z
130 Essential condition
131 Which type of presupposition is in Where did you go last night?? / Structural
132 Presuppositions ……… under negation./ remain constant
133 Pragmatics is the study of how more gets communicated than is………
137 d signalled
138 So, to cut a long story short, we grabbed our stuff and ran
139 In the above sentence, to cut a long story short is ……
140 a a quality hedge
Trang 8149 grouped illocutionary acts into ……… classes /five
150 Actions performed via utterances are generally called………./ speech acts
151 I’m not sure if this makes sense, but the car had no lights
152 In the above sentence, I’m not sure if this makes sense is ……./ a quantity hedge
153 A presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case …… making an utterance./ before
154 Presuppositions ……… under negation./ remain constant
155 Which is NOT an IFID?
161 Coherence is the feeling that a text / hangs together
162 References to the entity/items within the text are …… references./ endophoric
163 Most of the instances of the substitute one/ones are ……… / anaphoric
164 The relation between furninture and table, desk, chair, bed is that of …… /
Superordinate
165 ……… is the relation between class and (direct) subclass./ Superordinate
Trang 9166 The first official studies on discourse appeared in…./ the 1950s
167 A discourse can be of any size as long as it forms a/ meaningful whole
168 The overhearers or unintended addressees are referred to as… in Dell Hymes’ model
of context./ audience
169 Utterances are not only dependant on the physical context for their interpretations, they are also …… the language surrounding them/ closely related to
170 …… means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse by direct repetition
or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations./ Reiteration
171 .reference items are expressed through personal pronouns, possessive
pronouns and possessive determiners./ Personal
172 …………refers to those pairs of opposites that are gradable such as thin><thick./ Contrary relation
173 …… is not an anaphoric relation./ Conjunction
174 Clausal substitution is expressed through ……… ./ so and not
175 Lexical cohesion is divided into reiteration and ………./ collocation
176 Performative verb is a verb that names the illocutionary act being performed/ explicitly
177 Bert: Do you like ice-cream?
178 Ernie: Is the Pope Catholic
179 Which maxim is violated in the above text?/ Relation
180 221 Not to change the subject, but is this related to the budget? In the above sentence,Not to change the subject is …… / a relation hedge
181 …………refer to the information communicated by choosing a word which expresses one value from a scale of values / Scalar implicatures
182 According to Searles, Declarations are those kinds of speech acts that …… the worldvia their utterance / change
183 According to Searles, Could you lend me a pen, please? is a…… / directive
184 Apologize, thank, deplore, compliment are examples of / behabitives
1 Cohesion is concerned with formal surface structures (syntax and lexis) to interact with underlying …… relations or underlying functional coherence to create textual unity
185 a semantic
Trang 102 Coherence is the feeling that a text …….
192 The writer is …… the speaker
193 b less implicit than
194 ……… refers to the relationship between a particular text and other texts which share characteristics with it
195 b Intertextuality
196 Coherence is concerned with the ……… sequencing of the arrangement of the
information, the concepts and relation of the textual world which underlie and are realized bythe surface text
202 According to Halliday & Hasan, (1976), discourse is ……
203 d a unit of language in use
204 The syntax of spoken language is typically …… structured… that of written
language
Trang 11212 a language and its function
213 Spoken language contains many ……, often simply sequences of phrases
214 b incomplete sentences
215 Under the influence of Bloomfield, and then Chomsky, linguists focused on ……… problems of language for many decades
216 c formal and structural
217 In Dell Hymes’ model of context, Code is a term which is used instead of ……
225 What does Addresser refer to in Dell Hymes’ model of context?
226 a the speaker or the writer
Trang 12227 ………context is the language that surrounds or accompanies the piece of discourse under analysis.
241 The interpretation of one sentence …… without looking back at the previous
sentences or referring to the coming ones
Trang 13250 b Corrective relations
251 ………presents a part/whole relationship
253 Why did you come home late last night? / I won’t tell you why
254 The type of ellipsis that takes place after why is………
255 d clausal ellipsis
256 It’s the way I like to go to work One person and one line of enquiry at a time
Otherwise, there’s a muddle
257 In the above text, otherwise is a ……… conjunction
267 .reference items are expressed through personal pronouns, possessive
pronouns and possessive determiners
Trang 14273 ……… is the relation between class and (direct) subclass.
274 a Superordinate
275 Felicity conditions are those conditions for the performance of a speech act to be recognized
276 c All are correct
277 Presuppositions ……… under negation
284 a The event will not have a beneficial effect
285 According to Searles, Could you lend me a pen, please? is a ………
291 Halliday & Hasan divides verbal ellipsis into ………
292 c lexical and operator ellipsis
293 Reiteration includes repetition, synonymy, antonymy, superodinate,…… and general word
295 He couldn’t live without her, I guess
296 In the above sentence, I guess is ……
Trang 16321 A ……… act is the act of saying something which is meaningful and can be understood.
322 a locutionary
323 I’m not sure if this makes sense, but the car had no lights
324 In the above sentence, I’m not sure if this makes sense is ……
325 a a manner hedge
326 Not to change the subject, but is this related to the budget?
327 In the above sentence, Not to change the subject is ……
333 Which type of clausal substitution is perhaps not?
334 d Substitution of modalized clauses
335 Grammatical cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis and ………
343 So, to cut a long story short, we grabbed our stuff and ran
344 In the above sentence, to cut a long story short is ……
345 b a quantity hedge
Trang 17346 Whenever there is an indirect relationship between a structure and a……… , we have
an indirect speech act
352 …… means either restating an item in a later part of the discourse by direct repetition
or else reasserting its meaning by exploiting lexical relations
Trang 18377 Bert: Do you like ice-cream?
378 Ernie: Is the Pope Catholic
379 Which maxim is violated in the above text?
385 The three environments in which clausal substitution takes place are ………
386 a report, condition and modality
387 ……… reference: points the reader/listener backwards to a previously mentioned entity, process or state
388 Chọn một câu trả lời:
389 b Anaphoric
390 The relation between furninture and table, desk, chair, bed is that of ……
391 d Superordinate
Trang 19392 There are ……… types of substitution.
394 What type of reference is expressed through adjectives and adverbs and serves to compare items within a text in terms of identity or similarity?
395 a Comparative
396 What type of conjunction is ‘only’ in the following text?
397 I’d love to join in Only I don’t know how to play
Answer: a meaningful whole
404 Instruction: In terms of size, a discourse can be realized by a word, a phrase, a clause /sentence, a paragraph, a cluster of paragraphs, a book or even as big as a whole library providing that it forms a meaningful whole
405 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.2, page 13 (course book)
406 Cohesion is concerned with formal surface structures (syntax and lexis) to interact with underlying …… relations or underlying functional coherence to create textual unity
407 Chọn một câu trả lời:
a Syntactic
b All are correct
Trang 20c semantic Câu trả lời đúng
d pragmatic
Phản hồi
Answer: semantic
408 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.3, page 14 (course book)
409 According to David Nunan, (1993), … can be related, not only in terms of the idea they share, but also in terms of their functions within the discourse
411 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.2, page 13 (course book)
412 Informativity depends on the notions of …… and probability
414 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.3, page 16 (course book)
415 The syntax of spoken language is typically …… structured… that of written language
416 Chọn một câu trả lời:
a much less….than1923 Câu trả lời đúng
b much more… than
c All are correct
Câu trả lời không đúng
Trang 21417 d as much….as
418 According to J R Firth, by studying conversations can we understand………… better
419 Chọn một câu trả lời:
a All are correct
b language and its form
c language and its function Câu trả lời đúng
d Language and its structure
Phản hồi
Answer: language and its function
420 Instruction: Conversations are functional language in context
421 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.1, page 9 (course book)
422 Spoken language contains many ……, often simply sequences of phrases
Answer: incomplete sentences 1923
424 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.3, page 21 (course book)
425 The writer is …… the speaker
426 Chọn một câu trả lời:
a as implicit as
b All are correct
c less implicit than Câu trả lời đúng
d more implicit than
Phản hồi
Answer: less implicit than 1923
427 Source: Chapter 1, section 1.3, page 21 (course book)